scholarly journals Power Management Strategy for Photovoltaic based Distributed Generators Operating in Parallel

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Urvi Nikunj Patel ◽  
Hiren H Patel
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Uniform Heating ◽  
Utilization Factor ◽  
Pv Inverter ◽  
Power Management Strategy ◽  
Distributed Generators

In many countries, the grid-code or standards do not allow the Photovoltaic (PV) inverters to exchange reactive power with the grid. Recently, some countries have relaxed the standards. Hence, capacity of the inverters to control reactive power must be utilized. However, the reactive power that a PV inverter can supply is constrained by the maximum power that a PV array generates and changes with the environmental conditions. A reactive power sharing algorithm is proposed that not only ensures proper distribution of reactive power amongst the inverters, but also ensures that the maximum power generated by PV is supplied to the grid. In case of identical PV inverters, the algorithm operates all inverters at nearly equal apparent power leading to nearly equal percentage utilization of the inverters, thereby achieving uniform heating of the similar devices of the inverters. The algorithms are further investigated for power sharing amongst PV inverters of unequal ratings. It is highlighted that the proposed algorithm results into the least change in the utilization factor of a PV inverter, whose power changes due to the change in environmental conditions. The effectiveness of the algorithm over other algorithms in sharing power amongst inverters is displayed through MATLAB/Simulink simulations.

scholarly journals Consensus Control of Distributed Energy Resources in a Multi-Bus Microgrid for Reactive Power Sharing and Voltage Control

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Yu ◽  
Di Shi ◽  
Guangyue Xu ◽  
Xiaobin Guo ◽  
Zhen Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Hierarchical Control ◽  
Voltage Control ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Consensus Control ◽  
Distributed Generator ◽  
Distributed Generators ◽  
Control Framework ◽  
Major Factors

The hierarchical control architecture, including layers of primary, secondary and tertiary controls, is becoming the standard operating paradigm for microgrids (MGs). Two major factors that limit the adoption of existing hierarchical control in microgrid are the low accuracy in reactive power sharing and the requirement for complex communication infrastructure. This paper addresses this problem by proposing a novel distributed primary and secondary control for distributed generators dispersed in a multi-bus microgrid. The proposed method realizes voltage control and accurate reactive power sharing in a distributed manner using minimum communication. Each distributed generator only needs its own information and minimum information from its neighboring units. Topology of the network can be flexible which supports the plug-and-play feature of microgrids. In a distribution system, high R/X ratio and system imbalance can no longer be neglected and thus the sequence component analysis and virtual impedance are implemented in the proposed control framework. The proposed framework is validated by simulation results on a MG testbed modified from the IEEE 13-bus distribution system.

scholarly journals Autonomous microgrid based parallel inverters using droop controller for improved power sharing

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 2302-2310
Author(s):  
Siddaraj Siddaraj ◽  
Udaykumar R. Yaragatti ◽  
Nagendrappa H. ◽  
Vikash Kumar Jhunjhunwala
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Voltage Source Inverters ◽  
Distributed Generators ◽  
Current Controller ◽  
Power Frequency

The existing microgrid has become a challenge to the sustainable energy source to provide a better quality of power to the consumer. To build a reliable and efficient microgrid, designing a droop controller for the microgrid is of utmost importance. In this paper, multiple voltage source inverters connected in parallel using an active power-frequency/reactive power-voltage droop scheme. The proposed method connected to two distributed generators local controllers, where each unit consists of a droop controller with an inner voltage-current controller and a virtual droop controller. By adding this controller to the microgrid reliability and load adaptability of an islanded system can be improved. This concept applied without any real-time communication to the microgrid. Thus, simulated using MATLAB/Simulink, the obtained results prove the effectiveness of the autonomous operation's microgrid model.

Effective Communication-Based Reactive Power Sharing Scheme for Meshed Microgrid in an Islanded Mode

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anitha Daniel ◽  
Suchitra Dayalan
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Matlab Simulation ◽  
Distributed Generators ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Islanded Mode ◽  
Radial Network ◽  
Virtual Impedance

Microgrids (MGs) are the most sought out and feasible solution for the present energy crisis. MG is a group of Distributed Generators (DGs) interacting with each other to provide energy to a defined local area. The inclusion of DGs into the conventional power system at various voltage levels has altered the topology of the power system and their control techniques. Hence, the MGs can no longer be considered as a traditional radial network but rather a meshed network. The control and operation of such practical MGs become a challenge, especially when operated in the islanded mode. This research paper considers a realistic meshed MG operating in an islanded mode for study. In an islanded MG, the issues of real and reactive power sharing among DGs are addressed so that the power contribution of each DG is proportional to its rating, thus preventing overload and ensuring reliable operation. A communication-based virtual impedance estimation is proposed in addition to the droop controller for proportionate real and reactive power sharing among DGs in a meshed MG. With the increased complexity of meshed MG, the proposed communication-based control scheme offers an efficient reactive power sharing between DGs without the feeder and network impedance requirements. A MATLAB simulation study proves the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy for a meshed MG with equal DG ratings and unequal DG ratings under changing load conditions.

An Improved Virtual Capacitor Algorithm for Reactive Power Sharing in Multi-Paralleled Distributed Generators

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 10786-10795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haizhen Xu ◽  
Changzhou Yu ◽  
Chun Liu ◽  
Qinglong Wang ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Power ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Distributed Generators

scholarly journals Power Management Strategy for Active Power Sharing in Hydro/PV/Battery Hybrid Energy System

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sweeka Meshram ◽  
Ganga Agnihotri ◽  
Sushma Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Power Management ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Power Management Strategy

Simulation and modeling of standalone DC linked hydro/PV/battery hybrid energy system (HES) and power management strategy (PMS) for identifying the active power sharing have been done. The performance analysis of the proposed HES and its power management strategy has been done using the simulink toolboxes of MATLAB software. The proposed system consists of 10 kW PV system, 7.5 kW hydro system, battery, and power condition unit. In some remote/rural areas, it is very difficult to satisfy the demand of electrical power throughout the year with the power grid. In such areas, the power requirement can be fulfilled by renewable energy system such as hydro or PV system. Either the hydro system or PV system is not capable of supplying power requirement throughout the year as both systems are intermittent. Hence, the judicious combination of hydro and PV system has been modeled for electrification. The power management strategy is modeled to manage the power flow of the energy systems and battery to fulfill the load demand. The presented results clearly show that the proposed HES and its control strategy are suitable for implementation in remote/rural areas.

scholarly journals Direct control of active and reactive power for a grid-connected single-phase photovoltaic inverter

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Eyad Radwan ◽  
Mutasim Nour ◽  
Ali Baniyounes ◽  
Khalid S. Al Olimat ◽  
Emad Awada
Keyword(s):  
Power Factor ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Direct Control ◽  
Utilization Factor ◽  
Pv Inverter ◽  
Active And Reactive Power ◽  
Wide Range

This paper presents a single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic system with direct control of active and reactive power through a power management system of a Photovoltaic inverter. The proposed control algorithm is designed to allow maximum utilization of the inverter’s available KVA capacity while maintaining grid power factor and current total harmonic distortion (THD) requirements within the grid standards. To reduce the complexity and improve the efficiency of the system, two independent PI controllers are implemented to control single-phase unipolar PWM voltage source inverter. One controller is used to control the power angle, and hence the active power flow, while the other controller is used to control the reactive power, and consequently the power factor by adjusting the voltage modulation index of the inverter. The proposed system is modelled and simulated using MATLAB/Simulink. The PV inverter has been examined while being simultaneously connected to grid and local load. Results obtained showed the ability of the PV inverter to manage the active and reactive power flow at, and below rated levels of solar irradiances; resulting in an increased inverter utilization factor, and enhanced power quality. The proposed system, was capable of operating at power factors in the range of 0.9 lead or lag for reactive power compensation purposes and delivered its power at a wide range of solar irradiance variations.

scholarly journals Adaptive Droop Gain-Based Event-Triggered Consensus Reactive Power Sharing in Microgrids

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1152
Author(s):  
Linyun Xiong ◽  
Penghan Li ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Sunhua Huang ◽  
Jie Wang
Keyword(s):  
System Reliability ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Distributed Generators ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Communication Reduction ◽  
Event Triggered

This paper proposes an adaptive droop gain-based consensus approach for reactive power sharing in microgrids (MGs) with the event triggered communication protocol (ETCP). A multi-agent system-based network is constructed to establish the communication with distributed generators (DGs) in MGs. An ETCP is proposed to reduce the communication among agents to save resources and improve system reliability, as the communication is only needed when the event triggered condition is fulfilled. A stability analysis is conducted to guarantee the existence of the equilibrium point and the freeness of the Zeno solution. Moreover, an adaptive droop gain is designed to reduce the impact of imbalanced feeder impedances. Four case studies are conducted to verify the effectiveness and performance of the proposed method. The simulation results show that the ETCP-based approach is capable of achieving power sharing consensus, communication reduction and shifting the information exchange mode based on the operation scenarios.

scholarly journals Reactive power sharing in microgrid using virtual voltage

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 2743
Author(s):  
Eder A. Molina-Viloria ◽  
John E. Candelo Becerra ◽  
Fredy E. Hoyos Velasco
Keyword(s):  
Power Control ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Droop Control ◽  
Matlab Simulink ◽  
Distributed Generators ◽  
Additional Coefficient

The traditional droop control strategy has been applied previously in microgrids (MGs) to share accurately the active power. However, in some cases the result obtained when sharing reactive power is not the best, because of the parameters related to the distances from distributed generators (DGs) to the loads and the power variations. Therefore, this paper proposes a reactive power control strategy for a low voltage MG, where the unequal impedance related to the distances between generators and loads requires adjustments to work with the conventional frequency and voltage droop methods. Thus, an additional coefficient is calculated from parameters of the network that relate the location of elements. The test is perfomed by simulations in the MATLAB-Simulink software, considering a three-node MG with three DGs and a load that can change power at different periods of time. The results show that it is possible to improve reactive power sharing between the DGs located in the MG according to the load changes simulated and to improve voltages with this method.

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