scholarly journals International Comparison of the Efficiency of Agricultural Science, Technology, and Innovation: A Case Study of G20 Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2769
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Guo ◽  
Canhui Deng ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
Xu Du ◽  
Jiali Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Productivity Change ◽  
Efficiency Change ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Technology And Innovation ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Binding Constraints ◽  
Science Technology And Innovation

An efficiency-oriented innovation analysis will enhance the understanding of the operational quality related to the transformation process of limited innovation investments for improving innovation outputs. The purpose of this study was to measure the static-dynamic efficiency of agricultural science, technology, and innovation (ASTI) and identify the efficiency determinants across the Group of Twenty (G20) countries. First, the static comprehensive efficiency of ASTI was measured employing the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)-BCC model, and some of the binding constraints to higher efficiency were investigated. Then, we applied the DEA-Malmquist index model to calculate the efficiency change of ASTI in certain periods and decomposed the sources of efficiency change. Finally, the G20 countries were classified into four-level clusters based on the rankings of efficiency measurement and capability evaluation of ASTI to locate the type of ASTI level and identify the type change in both the efficiency and capability. The empirical results indicate the following. (1) The efficiency range of the G20 developing countries was relatively larger than the G20 developed countries. The G20 developed countries showed a fluctuating downward trend, while the G20 developing countries showed an upward trend from the perspective of efficient proportion. The R&D expenditure redundancy and the agricultural journal papers deficiency were the main binding constraints to the higher efficiency of ASTI. (2) The total factor productivity change (TFPC) of ASTI showed an alternating trend of “decline–growth–continuous decline–growth recovery”, where the G20 developed countries experienced “growth–decline–growth” and the G20 developing countries underwent a fluctuating upward trend. The TFPC of ASTI in most G20 countries was primarily due to technological change. (3) The G20 developed countries usually had advantages in capacity, while the G20 developing countries performed better in efficiency.

scholarly journals Science, Technology and Innovation Policies in Developed and Developing Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Do Huyen Trang
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Policy Science ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Technology And Innovation ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Science Technology And Innovation ◽  
Innovation Policies

Abstract: Science, technology and Innovation (STI) plays different roles in developed and developing countries. In developed countries, STI is considered a driving force for innovation, and play a key role in maintaining high economic growth. Meanwhile, the underdeveloped economic and social structure, as well as the largely dependent on foreign technologies of developing countries has led to the insignificant role of STI. However, as STI has brought greater benefits for developing countries in supporting socio-economic development and industrialization, the awareness of STI’s important role has been increased recently. The problem now lies in how developing countries build effective STI policies and strategies. To tackle this problem, more attention and resource have been being located to STI policies making and implementing. Keywords: Policy, Science, Technology and Innovation, Developing countries.

New trends in the development of scientific, technological and innovation policies of the world countries: the OECD vision

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
N. V. Berezniak ◽  
N. I. Shabranska
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Technology And Innovation ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
Science Technology And Innovation ◽  
Innovation Policies

A new direction of science, technology and innovation policy, initiated by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), has been investigated. The proposed OECD paradigm of new mission-oriented policies encompasses initiatives aimed at overcoming public challenges in the world and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals 2030 (UN), which is especially relevant for Ukraine. The general characteristics of the instruments of political influence and interaction are given. These instruments are the “mix” of policies that aim to implement direct and indirect forms of support. The examples of developing the national strategic documents and supporting a sustainable economy in the OECD member countries are considered. Highly developed countries introduce special instruments that promote breakthrough innovations to implement strategic priorities. The OECD notes the feasibility of creating different types of institutions that will be responsible for defining national strategies and shaping science, technology and innovation policies. The challenges and trends of political support for innovative business by the OECD member countries are described. The governments of these countries are initiating the formation of new directions and the use of new public policy instruments, in particular: a combination of fiscal instruments and direct support instruments, simplified access to financing schemes and increased transparency through the creation of a “single window” or digital support services, etc.

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