scholarly journals Assessing of Losses and Dilution Impact on the Cost Chain: Case Study of Gold Ore Deposits

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3830
Author(s):  
Mikhail Marinin ◽  
Oksana Marinina ◽  
Radosław Wolniak
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Efficient Solutions ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Production Chain

The conditions of declining gold grade in the ore, increasing depth of excavation, and de-creasing unallocated stock of deposits make it necessary to develop efficient solutions for the mine-to-mill process, which have to be adapted to each specific mining plant and will optimizes production costs. Current research focuses on a case study that demonstrates how indicators of mining losses and dilution influence the variation of costs chain in the production cycle. The article examines the topical issue of determining the effects at the mine-to-mill stages due to changes in losses and dilution. The author’s approach to the formation of a mine-to-mill cost chain is proposed by integrating several cost estimation methods into the general cost estimation methodology. The estimation methodology is a compilation of factor analysis and cost engineering methods that take into account the change in costs due to the variation of losses and dilution. It was proven that with variations in losses and dilution, cost savings arise due to changes in the volume of work on ore averaging, ore transportation, and beneficiation. For the case of the Kuranakh ore field, there are no effects at the mining stage. The use of internal reserves by means of managing ore quality parameters allows reducing the costs per ton of processed rock mass along the entire production chain.

Biorefinery implementation for recovery debottlenecking at existing pulp mills- Part II: Techno-economic evaluation

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAKIM GHEZZAZ ◽  
LUC PELLETIER ◽  
PAUL R. STUART
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Precipitation Process

The evaluation and process risk assessment of (a) lignin precipitation from black liquor, and (b) the near-neutral hemicellulose pre-extraction for recovery boiler debottlenecking in an existing pulp mill is presented in Part I of this paper, which was published in the July 2012 issue of TAPPI Journal. In Part II, the economic assessment of the two biorefinery process options is presented and interpreted. A mill process model was developed using WinGEMS software and used for calculating the mass and energy balances. Investment costs, operating costs, and profitability of the two biorefinery options have been calculated using standard cost estimation methods. The results show that the two biorefinery options are profitable for the case study mill and effective at process debottlenecking. The after-tax internal rate of return (IRR) of the lignin precipitation process option was estimated to be 95%, while that of the hemicellulose pre-extraction process option was 28%. Sensitivity analysis showed that the after tax-IRR of the lignin precipitation process remains higher than that of the hemicellulose pre-extraction process option, for all changes in the selected sensitivity parameters. If we consider the after-tax IRR, as well as capital cost, as selection criteria, the results show that for the case study mill, the lignin precipitation process is more promising than the near-neutral hemicellulose pre-extraction process. However, the comparison between the two biorefinery options should include long-term evaluation criteria. The potential of high value-added products that could be produced from lignin in the case of the lignin precipitation process, or from ethanol and acetic acid in the case of the hemicellulose pre-extraction process, should also be considered in the selection of the most promising process option.

scholarly journals Adaptive decision support for suggesting a machine tool maintenance strategy

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abubaker Shagluf ◽  
Simon Parkinson ◽  
Andrew Peter Longstaff ◽  
Simon Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Machine Tool ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Maintenance Strategy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Machine Tool Accuracy

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to produce a decision support aid for machine tool owners to utilise while deciding upon a maintenance strategy. Furthermore, the decision support tool is adaptive and capable of suggesting different strategies by monitoring for any change in machine tool manufacturing accuracy. Design/methodology/approach A maintenance cost estimation model is utilised within the research and development of this decision support system (DSS). An empirical-based methodology is pursued and validated through case study analysis. Findings A case study is provided where a schedule of preventative maintenance actions is produced to reduce the need for the future occurrences of reactive maintenance actions based on historical machine tool accuracy information. In the case study, a 28 per cent reduction in predicted accuracy-related expenditure is presented, equating to a saving of £14k per machine over a five year period. Research limitations/implications The emphasis on improving machine tool accuracy and reducing production costs is increasing. The presented research is pioneering in the development of a software-based tool to help reduce the requirement on domain-specific expert knowledge. Originality/value The paper presents an adaptive DSS to assist with maintenance strategy selection. This is the first of its kind and is able to suggest a preventative strategy for those undertaking only reactive maintenance. This is of value for both manufacturers and researchers alike. Manufacturers will benefit from reducing maintenance costs, and researchers will benefit from the development and application of a novel decision support technique.

scholarly journals The trend of software cost estimation in Ethiopia Case study : Addis Ababa

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 24901-24906
Author(s):  
Asebe Teka Nega
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Software Cost Estimation ◽  
Software Cost ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Software Company

For a different item, you can purchase it. There are different costs to purchase that you can analysis the benefit and loses, even if on the software it has different approaches to analysis their wages, the developer company can get their analysis by the different methods.  There are a lot of software cost estimation methods are appearing in different years but still, those methods have their own drawback on making a correct effort and scheduling estimation, here in the paper Today there are different software cost estimation methods that the software company uses from the requirement to implementation phase. Corrected cost estimation supports us to complete the project on planned times and budgets. This paper is mainly presenting the current situations of cost estimation on software placed in Addis Abebas different software compony    

scholarly journals Cost Estimation Methods of Machine Elements at the Design Stage in Unit and Small Lot Production Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Więcek ◽  
Dariusz Więcek ◽  
Ivan Kuric
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Group Technology ◽  
Hybrid Methods ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
Machine Elements ◽  
Formalized Description ◽  
The Moment

AbstractOn the stage of product design there is a problem concerning production cost estimation in the moment when elements are not yet definitely designed. Depending on the amount of the available information, more or less precise cost estimation methods are applied, i.e.: variant methods, generation methods, hybrid methods. The proposed method of cost estimation is based on a formalized description of information related to construction, manufacturing and organizational characteristics concerning the designed element, the automation method of technological processes design using methods of group technology and a model of determining production costs of machine elements based on Activity Based Costing.

Analysis and Cost Estimation of a Total Site Using R-Curve

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sh. Karimkashi ◽  
M. Amidpour
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Significant Cost ◽  
R Ratio ◽  
Utility System ◽  
Graphical Tool ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Cost

In large processing sites the cost of fuel and power can be very significant and better management of the utility system can lead to significant cost savings. The R-curve is an analysis tool that provides guidelines for the cogeneration efficiency for a given site power-to-heat ratio demand of an ideal utility system. In this paper, the actual R-curve is combined with another graphical tool, representing the cost of cogeneration potential of a site. In fact in each case, actual R-curve is constructed and then another curve of ‘R-ratio vs. TAC’ is constructed to demonstrate the cost of each point of the R-Curve. Finally showing the results obtained for a case study, it is suggested to change sizes of the turbines in the utility system to improve the R-curve and also decrease the TAC for the same R-ratios. These changes are almost dependent to the case being studied.

scholarly journals Honey bee queen production: Canadian costing case study and profitability analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Bixby ◽  
Shelley E. Hoover ◽  
Robyn McCallum ◽  
Abdullah Ibrahim ◽  
Lynae Ovinge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Production Operation ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Honey Bee Queen ◽  
Queen Production ◽  
The Cost

AbstractThe recent decline in honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colony health worldwide has had a significant impact on the beekeeping industry as well as on pollination-dependent crop sectors in North America and Europe. The pollinator crisis has been attributed to many environmental and anthropological factors including less nutrient rich agricultural monocultures, pesticide exposure, new parasite and pathogen infestations as well as beekeeper management and weather. Canadian beekeepers have indicated that issues with honey bee queens are the most significant factor affecting their colony health. In Canada, beekeepers manage colony losses by relying on the importation of foreign bees, particularly queens from warmer climates, to lead new replacement colonies. Unfortunately, the risks associated with imported queens include the introduction of new and potentially resistant pests and diseases, undesirable genetics including bees with limited adaptations to Canada’s unique climate and bees negatively affected by transportation. Importing a large proportion of our queens each year also creates an unsustainable dependency on foreign bee sources, putting our beekeeping and pollination sectors at an even greater risk in the case of border closures and restrictions. Increasing the domestic supply of queens is one mitigation strategy that could provide Canadian beekeepers, farmers and consumers with a greater level of agricultural stability through locally bred, healthier queens. Our study is the first rigorous analysis of the economic feasibility of Canadian queen production. We present the costs of queen production for three case study operations across Canada over two years as well as the profitability implications. Our results show that for a small to medium sized queen production operation in Canada, producing queen cells and mated queens can be profitable. Using a mated queen market price ranging from $30 to $50, a producer selling mated queens could earn a profit of between $2 and $40 per queen depending on price and the cost structure of his operation. If the producer chose to rear queens for his own operation, the cost savings would also be significant as imported queen prices continue to rise. Our case studies reveal that there is potential for both skilled labour acquisition over time in queen production as well as cost savings from economies of scale. Our queen producers also reduced their production costs by re-using materials year to year. Domestic queen production could be one viable strategy to help address the current pollinator crisis in Canada.

Catalog-Based Customization

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bala Chidambaram ◽  
Alice M. Agogino
Keyword(s):  
Cost Function ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Optimization Formulation ◽  
Catalog Design ◽  
Standard Designs ◽  
Approximate Cost ◽  
The Cost

Abstract This paper develops a new method for implementing mass-customization, namely, the customization around standard products, or catalog-based customization. The method addresses the customization requirements of a class of products that are complex in configuration, multi-functional and structurally similar. We formulate catalog-based customization as an optimization problem consistent with the manufacturer’s goal of incurring minimal costs in the redesign of existing standard components, while meeting customer specifications and satisfying design constraints. The ‘catalog-based’ nature of the formulation raises concomitant issues of cost function development and problem simplification/solution. We identify the generational structure as best suited to exploit the cost data in existing catalogs and construct a product cost function. The cost-estimation methods used by the generational structure in the construction are identified as weight-based — for modeling the material costs, and methods based on similarity principles and regression analyses — for the production costs. The optimization formulation of catalog-based customization may be simplified by an a priori identification of a standard catalog design as the customization basis. This is accomplished with function costing — a cost-estimation hypothesis that uses product functionality to develop an approximate cost-estimate. The function-costing estimate is also used to abstract features from the standard base design into the optimization formulation. The preferred solution strategy for the optimization formulation is identified as genetic algorithms. We apply the customization method developed to Brushless D.C. Permanent Magnet (BDCPM) motors and obtain optimal minimal cost custom designs (from the standard designs of a BDCPM motor family) for different sets of customer requirements.

scholarly journals A CADEIA PRODUTIVA DO AÇAÍ: ESTUDO DE CASO SOBRE TIPOS DE MANEJO E CUSTOS DE PRODUÇÃO EM PROJETOS DE ASSENTAMENTOS AGROEXTRATIVISTAS EM ABAETETUBA, PARÁ ## THE AÇAÍ PRODUCTION CHAIN: CASE STUDY ON MANAGEMENT TYPES AND PRODUCTION COSTS IN AGROEXTRACTIVE SETTLEMENT PROJECTS IN ABAETETUBA, PARÁ

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Márcia de Pádua Bastos Tagore ◽  
Marcilio De Abreu Monteiro ◽  
Otávio Do Canto
Keyword(s):  
Production Costs ◽  
Production Chain

O açaizeiro é uma palmeira nativa da Amazônia, de onde é extraída a polpa com alto valor nutritivo, denominada no estado do Pará (região norte do Brasil) de Açaí. O açaí é um dos produtos de maior importância na economia e na dieta alimentar dos paraenses, em especial das famílias que vivem às margens das várzeas, sendo a principal fonte de renda da maioria dos ribeirinhos da região paraense. A crescente demanda pelo produto, por novos mercados em nível nacional e mundial, implicou em aumento de áreas de plantio e alterações no manejo de açaizais tradicionalmente extrativistas, ocasionando mudanças no contexto social, econômico e ambiental. O presente trabalho da pesquisa apresenta resultados do estudo de caso nas várzeas do município de Abaetetuba, considerado um dos maiores produtores do Estado do Pará. A pesquisa de campo evidenciou as relações da cadeia produtiva do açaí no município e demonstrou diferentes tipos de manejo de produção atualmente utilizados em projetos de assentamento agroextrativista, bem como levantou os custos e renda de produção de unidades selecionadas. A pesquisa apontou que as ações e o manejo do açaí em áreas de várzea precisam deixar de focar no crescimento de produção para buscar investir em intervenções de manejo de baixo impacto evitando as problemáticas advindas do adensamento da espécie e a homogeneização da paisagem, com foco na conservação do ecossistema, pois o contrário não se justifica, sequer pela análise econômica. O sistema creditício deve focar também, na promoção da verticalização da cadeia produtiva.

Bottom Hole Assembly Design Enhancement Successfully Eliminate Hole Problems and Reduce Significant Drilling Time : South S Field Case Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. D. Mulia
Keyword(s):  
Contact Area ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Assembly Design ◽  
Drilling Performance ◽  
Bottom Hole ◽  
Unconsolidated Sand ◽  
Bottom Hole Assembly ◽  
Drilling Parameter ◽  
Drilling Time

For S-15 and S-14 wells at South S Field, drilling of the 12-1/4” hole section became the longest tangent hole section interval of both wells. There were several challenges identified where hole problems can occur. The hole problems often occur in the unconsolidated sand layers and porous limestone formation sections of the hole during tripping in/out operations. Most of the hole problems are closely related to the design of the Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA). In many instances, hole problems resulted in significant additional drilling time. As an effort to resolve this issue, a new BHA setup was then designed to enhance the BHA drilling performance and eventually eliminate hole problems while drilling. The basic idea of the enhanced BHA is to provide more annulus clearance and limber BHA. The purpose is to reduce the Equivalent Circulating Density (ECD,) less contact area with formation, and reduce packoff risk while drilling through an unconsolidated section of the rocks. Engineering simulations were conducted to ensure that the enhanced BHA were able to deliver a good drilling performance. As a results, improved drilling performance can be seen on S-14 well which applied the enhanced BHA design. The enhanced BHA was able to drill the 12-1/4” tangent hole section to total depth (TD) with certain drilling parameter. Hole problems were no longer an issue during tripping out/in operation. This improvement led to significant rig time and cost savings of intermediate hole section drilling compared to S-15 well. The new enhanced BHA design has become one of the company’s benchmarks for drilling directional wells in South S Field.

Sustainable approach towards the new EU-Sugar Market era

2016 ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arend Wittenberg ◽  
Menno Roukema ◽  
Jan L.M. Struijs ◽  
Olaf van Baal
Keyword(s):  
Production Capacity ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Northwest Europe ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
Sugar Market ◽  
Strong Market Position ◽  
Growth Scaling ◽  
The Given

Suiker Unie focuses on a strong market position in Northwest Europe at the lowest possible production costs for sugar. The company tries to achieve this by giving attention to the entire production chain. An important pillar of this mission is sustainability. During the recent years Suiker Unie developed a Masterplan to prepare its factories for the new market situation after 2017. In line with Cosun’s strategy of profitable growth, scaling up production capacity of beet factories was defined as goal of this Masterplan. The ambition of reduction of production costs and sustainability (e.g. carbon-footprint) was translated into the challenging constraint to increase the capacity growth within the given steam supply and the actual odour and noise emissions. Based on a thorough bottleneck study a portfolio of measures for each factory is defined, grouped into debottlenecking, energy saving, optimization and environmental projects.

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