scholarly journals Microbiota Management for Effective Disease Suppression: A Systematic Comparison between Soil and Mammals Gut

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7608
Author(s):  
Giuliano Bonanomi ◽  
Mohamed Idbella ◽  
Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad
Keyword(s):  
Diet Composition ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Organic Amendment ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Functional Link ◽  
Harmful Organisms ◽  
Ecological Mechanisms

Both soil and the human gut support vast microbial biodiversity, in which the microbiota plays critical roles in regulating harmful organisms. However, the functional link between microbiota taxonomic compositions and disease suppression has not been explained yet. Here, we provide an overview of pathogen regulation in soil and mammals gut, highlighting the differences and the similarities between the two systems. First, we provide a review of the ecological mechanisms underlying the regulation of soil and pathogens, as well as the link between disease suppression and soil health. Particular emphasis is thus given to clarifying how soil and the gut microbiota are associated with organic amendment and the human diet, respectively. Moreover, we provide several insights into the importance of organic amendment and diet composition in shaping beneficial microbiota as an efficient way to support crop productivity and human health. This review also discusses novel ways to functionally characterize organic amendments and the proper operational combining of such materials with beneficial microbes for stirring suppressive microbiota against pathogens. Furthermore, specific examples are given to describe how agricultural management practices, including the use of antibiotics and fumigants, hinder disease suppression by disrupting microbiota structure, and the potentiality of entire microbiome transplant. We conclude by discussing general strategies to promote soil microbiota biodiversity, the connection with plant yield and health, and their possible integration through a “One Health” framework.

Organic Amendments, Beneficial Microbes, and Soil Microbiota: Toward a Unified Framework for Disease Suppression

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliano Bonanomi ◽  
Matteo Lorito ◽  
Francesco Vinale ◽  
Sheridan L. Woo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Soil Microbiota ◽  
Beneficial Microbes

Organic amendments (OAs) and soilborne biocontrol agents or beneficial microbes (BMs) have been extensively studied and applied worldwide in most agriculturally important plant species. However, poor integration of research and technical approaches has limited the development of effective disease management practices based on the combination of these two bio-based strategies. Insights into the importance of the plant-associated microbiome for crop productivity, which can be modified or modulated by introducing OAs and/or BMs, are providing novel opportunities to achieve the goal of long-term disease control. This review discusses novel ways of functionally characterizing OAs and how they may be used to promote the effect of added biocontrol agents and/or beneficial soil microbiota to support natural suppressiveness of plant pathogens.

Improved Agronomic Practices and Input Use Efficiency for Potato Production under Changing Climate

2017 ◽  
pp. 105-132
Author(s):  
Dhiman Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Climate Change Issue ◽  
Conservation Farming ◽  
Combat Climate Change

In the emerging global economic order in which agricultural crop production is witnessing a rapid transition to agricultural commodity production, potato is appearing as an important crop, poised to sustain and diversify food production in this new millennium. Temperature and unpredictable drought are two most important factor affecting world food securities and the catalyst of the great famines of the past. Decreased precipitation could cause reduction of irrigation water availability and increase in evapo-transpiration, leading to severe crop water-stress conditions. Increasing crop productivity in unfavourable environments will require advanced technologies to complement traditional methods which are often unable to prevent yield losses due to environmental stresses. Various crop management practices such as improved nutrient application rate, mulching, raised beds and other improved technology help to raise the productivity. Conservation farming practices play important role to restore soil and enhancing soil health and play important role to combat climate change issue.

scholarly journals Soil health management practices and crop productivity

ael ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace L. Miner ◽  
Jorge A. Delgado ◽  
James A. Ippolito ◽  
Catherine E. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Crop Productivity

IMPLEMENTATION OF PERMANENT RAISED BEDS CONTRIBUTES TO INCREASED CROP YIELD AND PROFITABILITY IN THE NORTHEASTERN TIGRAY REGION, ETHIOPIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 807-817
Author(s):  
AMANUEL A. GEBRU ◽  
TESFAY ARAYA ◽  
TSEGAY WOLDE-GEORGIS ◽  
JAN NYSSEN ◽  
FRÉDÉRIC BAUDRON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Marginal Rate ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Tigray Region

SUMMARYA major problem faced by small-scale farmers in northern Ethiopia is reduced crop yield due to increasing soil degradation resulting from repeated tillage and inadequate agronomic management practices. These practices have left soils and rainfed crops susceptible to hazardous climatic events such as droughts. Sustainable farm practices such as minimum tillage and surface residue retention have been shown to improve soil health and crop productivity. The objectives of this field study were thus to evaluate the impacts of conservation agriculture (CA) practices on crop yield and economic productivity over 6 years in the eastern Tigray region of northern Ethiopia. Using a barley–wheat rotation from 2010 to 2016, the applied treatments were (i) permanent raised beds (PRB); (2) semi-permanent raised beds (SPB) and (3) conventional tillage (CT). Average barley and wheat biomass and grain yields in PRB and SPB treatments were consistently greater than yields under CT each year. In addition, the highest marginal rate of return was obtained in PRB and SPB compared to CT in all years (2010–2016). These results suggest that the CA practices of PRB and SPB can improve crop yield and profit compared to CT practices in the Tigray region.

scholarly journals Brassica Biofumigants for Improved Soil Health

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Rajagopal ◽  
Duff ◽  
Hall
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Irrigation Treatments

Biofumigation involves growing specialised cover crops that have the ability to suppress certain soil-borne diseases. Species such as those in the Brassicaceae family, (e.g., radish, mustard and rocket) are known to have this capability. Biofumigation activity is initiated by the degradation of glucosinolates within the tissues of the plant when the crop is incorporated into the soil at approx. 25% flowering rate. In this experiment, nine bio-fumigant varieties were assessed over six planting dates for biomass yield, irrigation management, glucosinolate concentration and efficacy against three soilborne pathogens, namely; Sclerotium rolfsii, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Macrophomina phaseolina. Preliminary results showed incorporation dates varied across varieties and planting times. Winter planting had highest biomass yield across all varieties, compared with the summer plantings (e.g., 14.82 t/ha in winter, versus 5.02 t/ha in summer for Caliente). The efficacy of disease suppression was variable between variety and planting date. For example, Nemfix and BQ Mulch produced a higher percentage mortality rate (100% and 98%) against S. sclerotiorum, compared with autumn (22% and 12%) and winter (37% and 13%) planting. High glucosinolate production was observed during the summer plantings, where irrigation treatments including drought conditions (Low; 0.75 ML/ha), moderate watering (Medium; 2 ML/ha) and field capacity (High; 2.5 ML/ha) were applied. Increased glucosinolate concentrations were observed in the Low irrigation treatments (e.g., Mustclean; 32.31 μmol/g DW), versus High irrigation (e.g., Mustclean; 17.11 μmol/g DW). Summer data pending analysis. These findings can help growers to identify biofumigant varieties that compliment rotation program and optimise disease management practices.

Managing soil health and crop productivity in potato: a challenging test system

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 697
Author(s):  
Shane M. Powell ◽  
John E. McPhee ◽  
Geoff Dean ◽  
Sue Hinton ◽  
Leigh A. Sparrow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Test System ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Complex Concept ◽  
Potato Crops

Maintaining the health, and therefore productivity, of agricultural soils is vital for continued sustainable agricultural production to support the world’s growing population. Potatoes are grown in a variety of agro-ecological systems and are one of the most important food crops worldwide. Potato crops are demanding on the soil with significant heavy machinery traffic, intensive tillage operations and high inputs of fertiliser, pesticides and water. Maintaining or improving soil health can therefore be challenging for growers. This review considers the different aspects of soil health in a potato production context, how to measure them and how they can be influenced by management practices. Soil health is a complex concept encompassing the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil and their role in ecosystem services and the growth of plants. Although our understanding of soil health and its impact on crop productivity has improved in the last 30 years, many knowledge gaps remain.

CONTINUOUS APPLICATION OF ORGANIC AMENDMENTS ENHANCES SOIL HEALTH, PRODUCE QUALITY AND SYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY OF VEGETABLE-BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS IN SUBTROPICAL EASTERN HIMALAYAS

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. PATEL ◽  
ANUP DAS ◽  
MANOJ KUMAR ◽  
G. C. MUNDA ◽  
S. V. NGACHAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Organic Amendment ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Total System ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Continuous Application

SUMMARYThe hill ecosystem of Northeastern Himalayas is suitable for organic farming due to negligible use of fertilizer (<12 kg ha−1) and agrochemicals, abundance of organic manure, especially plant biomass, and favourable climatic conditions for diverse crops. For successful organic farming, efficient cropping systems and organic amendments are to be identified to sustain soil health on one hand and productivity and enhanced income on the other. The efficacy of three organic amendments, namely, farmyard manure (FYM), vermicompost (VC) and integrated nutrient source (INS; 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (N) through FYM + 50% N through VC) on performance of three-vegetable-based cropping systems, namely, maize + soybean (2:2 intercropping)–tomato, maize + soybean–potato and maize + soybean–French bean was evaluated for five consecutive years (2005–06 to 2009–10) under subtropical climate at Umiam, Meghalaya, India (950 m above sea level). All the organic amendments were applied on N equivalent basis and phosphorus (P) requirement was compensated through rock phosphate. The results revealed that the yield of vegetables, except root vegetables, was maximum with FYM as soil amendment. Total system productivity in terms of maize equivalent yield (MEY) was significantly higher under FYM followed by INS. Pooled analysis revealed that MEY was enhanced by 200 and 191% with continuous application of FYM and INS, respectively, over control (no manure). Maize + soybean–tomato system recorded the highest MEY (28.78 Mg ha−1; Mg – megagram) followed by maize + soybean–French bean (24.37 Mg ha−1). INS as organic amendment resulted in maximum improvement in soil organic carbon (SOC), available P and potassium (K), soil microbial biomass carbon and water holding capacity and was similar to those under FYM. The SOC concentration under INS (23.6 g kg−1), FYM (23.3 g kg−1) and VC (22.3 g kg−1) after five years of organic farming were 31.0, 29.4 and 23.8% higher than the initial and 26.2, 24.6 and 19.3% higher than those under control, respectively. The quality traits of tomato such as total soluble solids (5%), ascorbic acid (28.6 mg 100 g−1) and lycopene content (19.35 mg 100 g−1) were higher under FYM application than other amendments. The study indicated that FYM and INS are equally good as organic amendment and their continuous application not only improves soil health but also crop productivity. FYM application was also found to be cost effective as it resulted in a higher benefit: cost ratio (4.4:1) compared to other amendments irrespective of cropping sequences during transition to organic farming.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document