scholarly journals Real-Time Control Strategy of Fuel Cell and Battery System for Electric Hybrid Boat Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 8693
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al Amerl ◽  
Ismail Oukkacha ◽  
Mamadou Baïlo Camara ◽  
Brayima Dakyo
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Varying Demand

In this paper, an effective control strategy is proposed to manage energy distribution from fuel cells and batteries for hybrid electric boat applications. The main objectives of this real-time control are to obtain fast current tracking for the batteries’ system, the DC bus voltage stability by using a fuel cell, and energy load distribution for a hybrid electric boat under varying demand conditions. The proposed control strategy is based on a combination of frequency approach and current/voltage control of interleaved boost converters to reduce the hydrogen consumption by the fuel cell and improve the quality of energy transfer. The frequency approach was dedicated to managing the DC power-sharing between the load, the fuel cell, and the batteries’ storage system by extracting the power references. The closed loop control system utilized to control the energy is based on the DC/DC converters. The performance evaluation of the proposed control strategy has been tested through a real-time experimental test bench based on a dSPACE board (DS1104).

scholarly journals The Development and Verification of a Novel ECMS of Hybrid Electric Bus

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Wang ◽  
Qing-nian Wang ◽  
Peng-yu Wang ◽  
Xiao-hua Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Hybrid Electric Bus ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Electric Bus ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Strategy Design

This paper presents the system modeling, control strategy design, and hardware-in-the-loop test for a series-parallel hybrid electric bus. First, the powertrain mathematical models and the system architecture were proposed. Then an adaptive ECMS is developed for the real-time control of a hybrid electric bus, which is investigated and verified in a hardware-in-the-loop simulation system. The ECMS through driving cycle recognition results in updating the equivalent charge and discharge coefficients and extracting optimized rules for real-time control. This method not only solves the problems of mode transition frequently and improves the fuel economy, but also simplifies the complexity of control strategy design and provides new design ideas for the energy management strategy and gear-shifting rules designed. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed real-time A-ECMS can coordinate the overall hybrid electric powertrain to optimize fuel economy and sustain the battery SOC level.

scholarly journals Fuzzy Logic Controller for Parallel Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorush Niknamian
Keyword(s):  
Global Optimization ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Switching Strategy ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Control strategies for hybrid electric vehicles are usually aimed at several simultaneous objectives. The primary one is usually the minimization of the vehicle fuel consumption, while also attempting to minimize engine emissions and maintaining or enhancing drivability. Regardless of the topology of the vehicle, the essence of the HEV control problem is the instantaneous management of the power flows from more devices to achieve the overall control objectives. One important characteristic of this generic problem is that the control objectives are mostly integral in nature (fuel consumption and emission per mile of travel), or semi-local in time like drivability, while the control actions are local in time. Furthermore, the control objectives are often subject to integral constraints, such as nominally maintaining the battery state-of-charge (SOC). The global nature of both objectives and constraints do not lend itself to traditional global optimization technique, because the main problem with global optimization index is whole of driving cycle should be predetermined and real time control strategy is not implemented simply. A common method to control of the complex dynamic systems with many uncertainties is designing some different of local controllers each for a specific operating area or determined objects and then designing of a switching strategy through the subsystems to achieve the global objectives of the system. In this research, the control structure has been investigated due to the complexity of hybrid electric vehicle powertrain. From the view point of hierarchy, the switching strategy relates to upper hierarchy and plays the key role in systems operating. Then for each subsystems of hybrid electric vehicle, itself local controller has been designed and after that in order to achieve the operating objectives, switching strategy through subsystems for the real time control strategy has been designed.

Real-Time Optimization of a Research Morphing Laminar Wing in a Wind Tunnel

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Coutu ◽  
Vladimir Brailovski ◽  
Patrick Terriault ◽  
Mahmoud Mamou ◽  
Eric Laurendeau
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Drag Ratio ◽  
Lift To Drag Ratio

This paper presents a new approach of real-time control of a morphing wing based on a coupled fluid-structure numerical model. The 2D extrados profile of an experimental laminar wing is morphed with the purpose to reduce drag, through extension of the laminar flow over the upper wing surface. As a first step, the active structure has been modeled, manufactured and experimentally tested under variable flow conditions in a subsonic wind tunnel (the Mach number ranges from 0.2 to 0.3 and the angle of attack from −1° to 2°). In this work, a real-time closed-loop control strategy is designed to find the optimum actuator strokes using an experimentally measured lift-to-drag ratio (feedback parameter). An extensive wind-tunnel characterization of the laminar wing prototype has been performed to design the algorithm and to set up the parameters. To calculate the initial strokes of the actuators and thus to accelerate the optimization procedure, a validated ANSYS-XFoil coupled fluid-structure numerical model is used. The robustness and efficiency of the developed real-time control system is tested under two flow conditions. The morphing wing performance obtained is slightly superior or similar to the open loop control approach proving the high performance of the numerical model. The proposed control strategy appears to be well suited to benefit from the complete morphing potential (according to the lift-to-drag ratio) of the wind tunnel prototype although higher feedback resolution is recommended from the numerical simulation algorithms.

Optimal control of a novel uninterrupted multi-speed transmission for hybrid electric mining trucks

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (12) ◽  
pp. 3235-3245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Yang ◽  
Jiejunyi Liang ◽  
Jue Yang ◽  
Nong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Programming ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Traction Motor ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Power Split ◽  
Shift Strategy

Considering the energy consumption and specific performance requirements of mining trucks, a novel uninterrupted multi-speed transmission is proposed in this paper, which is composed of a power-split device, and a three-speed lay-shaft transmission with a traction motor. The power-split device is adapted to enhance the efficiency of the engine by adjusting the gear ratio continuously. The three-speed lay-shaft transmission is designed based on the efficiency map of traction motor to guarantee the drivability. The combination of the power-split device and three-speed lay-shaft transmission can realize uninterrupted gear shifting with the proposed shift strategy, which benefits from the proposed adjunct function by adequately compensating the torque hole. The detailed dynamic models of the system are built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed shift strategy. To evaluate the maximum fuel efficiency that the proposed uninterrupted multi-speed transmission could achieve, dynamic programming is implemented as the baseline. Due to the “dimension curse” of dynamic programming, a real-time control strategy is designed, which can significantly improve the computing efficiency. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed uninterrupted multi-speed transmission with dynamic programming and real-time control strategy can improve fuel efficiency by 11.63% and 8.51% compared with conventional automated manual transmission system, respectively.

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