Real-Time Optimization of a Research Morphing Laminar Wing in a Wind Tunnel

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Coutu ◽  
Vladimir Brailovski ◽  
Patrick Terriault ◽  
Mahmoud Mamou ◽  
Eric Laurendeau
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Drag Ratio ◽  
Lift To Drag Ratio

This paper presents a new approach of real-time control of a morphing wing based on a coupled fluid-structure numerical model. The 2D extrados profile of an experimental laminar wing is morphed with the purpose to reduce drag, through extension of the laminar flow over the upper wing surface. As a first step, the active structure has been modeled, manufactured and experimentally tested under variable flow conditions in a subsonic wind tunnel (the Mach number ranges from 0.2 to 0.3 and the angle of attack from −1° to 2°). In this work, a real-time closed-loop control strategy is designed to find the optimum actuator strokes using an experimentally measured lift-to-drag ratio (feedback parameter). An extensive wind-tunnel characterization of the laminar wing prototype has been performed to design the algorithm and to set up the parameters. To calculate the initial strokes of the actuators and thus to accelerate the optimization procedure, a validated ANSYS-XFoil coupled fluid-structure numerical model is used. The robustness and efficiency of the developed real-time control system is tested under two flow conditions. The morphing wing performance obtained is slightly superior or similar to the open loop control approach proving the high performance of the numerical model. The proposed control strategy appears to be well suited to benefit from the complete morphing potential (according to the lift-to-drag ratio) of the wind tunnel prototype although higher feedback resolution is recommended from the numerical simulation algorithms.

scholarly journals Real-Time Control Strategy of Fuel Cell and Battery System for Electric Hybrid Boat Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 8693
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al Amerl ◽  
Ismail Oukkacha ◽  
Mamadou Baïlo Camara ◽  
Brayima Dakyo
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Varying Demand

In this paper, an effective control strategy is proposed to manage energy distribution from fuel cells and batteries for hybrid electric boat applications. The main objectives of this real-time control are to obtain fast current tracking for the batteries’ system, the DC bus voltage stability by using a fuel cell, and energy load distribution for a hybrid electric boat under varying demand conditions. The proposed control strategy is based on a combination of frequency approach and current/voltage control of interleaved boost converters to reduce the hydrogen consumption by the fuel cell and improve the quality of energy transfer. The frequency approach was dedicated to managing the DC power-sharing between the load, the fuel cell, and the batteries’ storage system by extracting the power references. The closed loop control system utilized to control the energy is based on the DC/DC converters. The performance evaluation of the proposed control strategy has been tested through a real-time experimental test bench based on a dSPACE board (DS1104).

Optimal control of a novel uninterrupted multi-speed transmission for hybrid electric mining trucks

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (12) ◽  
pp. 3235-3245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Yang ◽  
Jiejunyi Liang ◽  
Jue Yang ◽  
Nong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Programming ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Traction Motor ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Power Split ◽  
Shift Strategy

Considering the energy consumption and specific performance requirements of mining trucks, a novel uninterrupted multi-speed transmission is proposed in this paper, which is composed of a power-split device, and a three-speed lay-shaft transmission with a traction motor. The power-split device is adapted to enhance the efficiency of the engine by adjusting the gear ratio continuously. The three-speed lay-shaft transmission is designed based on the efficiency map of traction motor to guarantee the drivability. The combination of the power-split device and three-speed lay-shaft transmission can realize uninterrupted gear shifting with the proposed shift strategy, which benefits from the proposed adjunct function by adequately compensating the torque hole. The detailed dynamic models of the system are built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed shift strategy. To evaluate the maximum fuel efficiency that the proposed uninterrupted multi-speed transmission could achieve, dynamic programming is implemented as the baseline. Due to the “dimension curse” of dynamic programming, a real-time control strategy is designed, which can significantly improve the computing efficiency. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed uninterrupted multi-speed transmission with dynamic programming and real-time control strategy can improve fuel efficiency by 11.63% and 8.51% compared with conventional automated manual transmission system, respectively.

Study on a Real-Time Control Strategy to Cr(VI) Removal with Fluctuation of Influent in Fe-Electrocoagulation-Al-Electroflotation Reactor

2018 ◽  
Vol 165 (9) ◽  
pp. E366-E374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-yin Xu ◽  
Zhao-hui Yang ◽  
Yuan-ling Luo ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Jing Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Time Control

Optimization of the real-time control strategy in petroleum-refining catalyst production wastewater treatment with shortcut nitrification

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (105) ◽  
pp. 86490-86496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianqi Ma ◽  
Shaohui Guo ◽  
Zhihui Guo ◽  
Qiushi Zhu ◽  
Jinfu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Control Parameter ◽  
Petroleum Refining ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
High Ph ◽  
The Real ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Catalyst Production

Indicated high pH benefits the accuracy of real-time control strategy, explained why DO as a control parameter is unreliable.

scholarly journals Model-Based Optimisation and Control Strategy for the Primary Drying Phase of a Lyophilisation Process

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brecht Vanbillemont ◽  
Niels Nicolaï ◽  
Laurens Leys ◽  
Thomas De Beer
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Chamber Pressure ◽  
Interface Temperature ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Choked Flow ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Time Control

The standard operation of a batch freeze-dryer is protocol driven. All freeze-drying phases (i.e., freezing, primary and secondary drying) are programmed sequentially at fixed time points and within each phase critical process parameters (CPPs) are typically kept constant or linearly interpolated between two setpoints. This way of operating batch freeze-dryers is shown to be time consuming and inefficient. A model-based optimisation and real-time control strategy that includes model output uncertainty could help in accelerating the primary drying phase while controlling the risk of failure of the critical quality attributes (CQAs). In each iteration of the real-time control strategy, a design space is computed to select an optimal set of CPPs. The aim of the control strategy is to avoid product structure loss, which occurs when the sublimation interface temperature ( T i ) exceeds the the collapse temperature ( T c ) common during unexpected disturbances, while preventing the choked flow conditions leading to a loss of pressure control. The proposed methodology was experimentally verified when the chamber pressure and shelf fluid system were intentionally subjected to moderate process disturbances. Moreover, the end of the primary drying phase was predicted using both uncertainty analysis and a comparative pressure measurement technique. Both the prediction of T i and end of primary drying were in agreement with the experimental data. Hence, it was confirmed that the proposed real-time control strategy is capable of mitigating the effect of moderate disturbances during batch freeze-drying.

scholarly journals Quick and accurate Cellular Automata sewer simulator

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1359-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Austin ◽  
Albert S. Chen ◽  
Dragan A. Savić ◽  
Slobodan Djordjević
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Ca Model ◽  
Control Of Networks ◽  
Expensive Model

As urbanisation and climate change progress, the frequency of flooding will increase. Each flood event causes damage to infrastructure and the environment. It is thus important to minimise the damage caused, which can be done through planning for events, real-time control of networks and risk management. To perform these actions, many different simulations of network behaviour are required involving complex and computationally expensive model runs. This makes fast (i.e. real-time or repetitive) simulations very difficult to carry out using traditional methods, thus there is a requirement to develop computationally efficient and accurate conceptual sewer simulators. A new Cellular Automata (CA) based sewer model is presented which is both fast and accurate. The CA model is Lagrangian in nature in that it represents the flow as blocks, and movement of the blocks through the system is simulated. To determine the number of blocks which should be moved it uses either the Manning's or Hazen–Williams equation depending on the flow conditions to calculate the permitted discharge. A case study of the sewer network in Keighley, Yorkshire, is carried out showing its performance in comparison to traditional sewer simulators. The benchmarks used to verify the results are SIPSON and SWMM5.

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