scholarly journals Agricultural Water Management Using Two-Stage Channels: Performance and Policy Recommendations Based on Northern European Experiences

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9349
Author(s):  
Kaisa Västilä ◽  
Sari Väisänen ◽  
Jari Koskiaho ◽  
Virpi Lehtoranta ◽  
Krister Karttunen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Subsidy Scheme ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Additional Value ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

Conventional dredging of ditches and streams to ensure agricultural drainage and flood mitigation can have severe environmental impacts. The aim of this paper is to investigate the potential benefits of an alternative, nature-based two-stage channel (TSC) design with floodplains excavated along the main channel. Through a literature survey, investigations at Finnish field sites and expert interviews, we assessed the performance, costs, and monetary environmental benefits of TSCs in comparison to conventional dredging, as well as the bottlenecks in their financing and governance. We found evidence supporting the expected longer-term functioning of drainage as well as larger plant and fish biodiversity in TSCs compared to conventional dredging. The TSC design likely improves water quality since the floodplains retain suspended sediment and phosphorus and remove nitrogen. In the investigated case, the additional value of phosphorus retention and conservation of protected species through the TSC design was 2.4 times higher than the total costs. We demonstrate how TSCs can be made eligible for the obligatory vegetated riparian buffer of the European Union agri-environmental subsidy scheme (CAP-AES) by optimising their spatial application with respect to other buffer measures, and recommend to publicly finance their additional costs compared to conventional dredging at priority sites. Further studies on biodiversity impacts and long-term performance of two-stage channels are required.

Long-term performance and microbial ecology of a two-stage PN–ANAMMOX process treating mature landfill leachate

2014 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 404-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huosheng Li ◽  
Shaoqi Zhou ◽  
Weihao Ma ◽  
Pengfei Huang ◽  
Guotao Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Ecology ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Mature Landfill Leachate ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
Anammox Process

scholarly journals A high-rate and stable nitrogen removal from reject water in a full-scale two-stage AMX® system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minki Jung ◽  
Taeseok Oh ◽  
Daehwan Rhu ◽  
Jon Liberzon ◽  
S. Joh Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Reject Water ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

Abstract This paper reports long-term performance of a two-stage AMX® system with a capacity of 70 m3/d treating actual reject water. An air-lift granulation reactor performed partial nitration (PN-AGR) at an average nitrogen loading rate (NLR) of 3.1 kgN/m3-d, producing an average effluent NO2--N/NH4+-N ratio of 1.04. The average nitrogen removal rate (NRR) of the system was 3.91 kgN/m3-d following an Anammox stage moving bed biofilm reactor (A-MBBR). Although the total nitrogen (TN) concentrations in the reject water fluctuated seasonally, overall nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) of the two-stage AMX® system was very stable at over 87%. The two-stage AMX® system, consisting of a PN-AGR followed by an A-MBBR, operated at a stable NLR of 1.86 kgN/m3-d (1.64 kgN/m3-d including the intermediate tank), which is 1.8 times higher (1.6 times including the intermediate tank) than other commercialized single-stage partial nitritation/Anammox (PN/A) processes (which operate at a NLR of about 1 kgN/m3-d). The PN-AGR was affected by high influent total suspended solids (TSS) loads, but was able to recover within a short period of 4 days, which confirmed that the two-stage PN/A process is resilient to TSS load fluctuations.

Autonomous Vehicles

2017 ◽  
Vol 2640 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Noorvand ◽  
Guru Karnati ◽  
B. Shane Underwood
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Transportation Infrastructure ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Pavement Structures ◽  
Technological Improvements ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Pavement Thickness ◽  
Term Performance

With ongoing technological improvements and research in the field of autonomous vehicles, it is becoming evident that the technology has the potential to substantially affect the transportation sector. Although the potential benefits with respect to productivity increases, cost decreases, and safety are evident, the potential for these vehicles to negatively or positively affect the transportation infrastructure is unclear. In this study, the influence of truck loadings positioning on the long-term performance of transportation infrastructure was estimated by carrying out performance simulations of pavement structures. Scenarios considering both full and partial use by autonomous trucks were considered. In all cases, performance was estimated with respect to rutting, fatigue cracking, and overall pavement smoothness, and the results were compiled in terms of reduced pavement thickness. It was found that if controlled appropriately, autonomous trucks could be highly beneficial for the pavement infrastructure design, and they would be most effective when they represented more than 50% of the total truck traffic. It was also found that in the absence of appropriate control, specifically by repeatedly positioning trucks in the same location, the amount of damage could be highly detrimental, and noticeable influences may occur at autonomous truck volumes as low as 10%.

Lessons Learned from the Long Duration Exposure Facility

1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Wayne Stuckey
Keyword(s):  
Space Shuttle ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Special Investigation ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

The Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) was launched by the space shuttle in April, 1984, and recovered in January, 1990. There were 57 experiments containing over 10,000 specimens to test the effects of the space environment on materials, components, and systems. Originally planned for 1 yr, the exposure actually lasted almost 6 yr. While many LDEF investigations are continuing, results to date have provided valuable information on long-term performance in orbit. Results from the LDEF investigators and the special investigation groups are briefly summarized along with potential benefits from LDEF for future missions.

Fine Particle Mass Monitoring with Low-Cost Sensors: Corrections and Long-Term Performance Evaluation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Malings ◽  
Rebecca Tanzer ◽  
Aliaksei Hauryliuk ◽  
Provat K. Saha ◽  
Allen L. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Fine Particle ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Particle Mass ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

Long-term performance of the Hancock bioprosthetic conduit for aortic root replacement

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
CC Badiu ◽  
W Eichinger ◽  
D Ruzicka ◽  
I Hettich ◽  
S Bleiziffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Root ◽  
Aortic Root Replacement ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance
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