scholarly journals An Environmental Risk Assessment of Filling Stations Using the Principles of Security Management. A Case Study in the Slovak Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12452
Author(s):  
Katarína Mäkká ◽  
Katarína Kampová ◽  
Tomáš Loveček ◽  
Katarína Petrlová
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Assessment ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Strict Liability ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmental Liability ◽  
Risk Sources

The issue of environmental risk assessment currently deserves great attention. In order to protect the environment, maintain healthy living conditions, and prevent environmental damage, the member states of the European Union have adopted a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on environmental liability with regard to the prevention and remedying of environmental damage. The directive classifies two types of operators with different liability regimes for environmental damage, namely, the regime with no-fault (strict) liability and liability for fault. With the adoption of the directive, among experts, operators and the general public have posed questions about how to assess the risk of environmental damage. At present, there is still no uniform procedure for assessing environmental risks, which would create a comprehensive methodological framework for assessment for this type of risk. Due to the non-existent risk assessment methodology for operators with strict liability regimes and the lack of a systematic search for risk sources, a risk assessment procedure is proposed that provides guidance in a sequence of several steps on how to implement the obligations arising from the adopted Environmental Liability Directive. The proposed procedure was verified on a specific operator with a strict liability regime. The environmental risk analysis performed through the proposed procedure provided information on possible operational problems and verified its applicability. Last but not least, the use of the proposed procedure makes it possible to identify serious sources of risk and to establish necessary preventive measures to prevent the occurrence of environmental damage.

Ecotoxicity Testing: Science, Politics and Ethics

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin H. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
European Union ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Assessment ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Ecotoxicity Testing ◽  
Alternative Testing

Animal welfare organisations have long been concerned about the use of animals for ecotoxicity testing. Ecotoxicity testing is a necessary part of the statutory risk assessment of chemicals that may be released into the environment. It is sometimes also carried out during the development of new chemicals and in the investigation of pollution in the field. This review considers the existing requirements for ecotoxicity testing, with particular reference to practices in the European Union, including the recent REACH system proposals, before discussing criticisms that have been made of existing practices for environmental risk assessment. These criticisms have been made on scientific and ethical grounds, as well as on questions of cost. A case is made for greater investment in the development of alternative testing methods, which could improve the science, as well as serving the cause of animal welfare. It has frequently been suggested that the statutory requirements for environmental risk assessment are too rigid and bureaucratic. A case is made for flexibility and the greater involvement of scientists in the risk assessment procedure, in the interests of both improved science and improved animal welfare.

Local Environmental Risk Assessment as a Sustainability Education Tool

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
Garry Smith ◽  
Ingo Koernicke
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Assessment ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sustainability Planning ◽  
Personal Involvement ◽  
Education Tool

AbstractExperience in Australia has demonstrated that problems arise when sustainability requirements appear to conflict with individual development rights or local lifestyles. Community partnering between government and the public is therefore of fundamental importance in working towards sustainable development. Unfortunately genuine partnering is only rarely achieved today, and consultation is a poor working alternative.Research at Sutherland Shire Council has concluded that citizens are prepared to undertake genuine partnering, including personal involvement in understanding and initiating lifestyle changes. However such willingness is subject to being provided with adequate information and with a genuine government commitment to take action.The paper describes a local environmental risk assessment procedure which successfully informs citizens about local risks and which demonstrates government commitment to openness and facts-based sustainability planning.

Environmental Risk Assessment of Human Pharmaceuticals in the European Union - A Case Study with the β-blocker Atenolol

2007 ◽  
Vol preprint (2009) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anette Küster ◽  
Alfredo C. Alder ◽  
Beate Escher ◽  
Karen Duis ◽  
Kathrin Fenner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
European Union ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Assessment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Β Blocker

scholarly journals Beyond limits – the pitfalls of global gene drives for environmental risk assessment in the European Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Dolezel ◽  
Christoph Lüthi ◽  
Helmut Gaugitsch
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Assessment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Gene Drive ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Ecosystem Level ◽  
Definition Of

Gene drive organisms (GDOs) have been suggested as approaches to combat some of the most pressing environmental and public health issues. No such organisms have so far been released into the environment, but it remains unclear whether the relevant regulatory provisions will be fit for purpose to cover their potential environmental, human and animal health risks if environmental releases of GDOs are envisaged. We evaluate the novel features of GDOs and outline the resulting challenges for the environmental risk assessment. These are related to the definition of the receiving environment, the use of the comparative approach, the definition of potential harm, the stepwise testing approach, the assessment of long-term and large-scale risks at population and ecosystem level and the post-release monitoring of adverse effects. Fundamental adaptations as well as the development of adequate risk assessment methodologies are needed in order to enable an operational risk assessment for globally spreading GDOs before these organisms are released into environments in the EU.

scholarly journals Integrated Environmental Risk Assessment of Major Accidents in the Transport of Hazardous Substances

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 11993
Author(s):  
Ales Bernatik ◽  
David Rehak ◽  
Valerio Cozzani ◽  
Pavel Foltin ◽  
Jarmil Valasek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Assessment ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Integral Approach ◽  
Environmental Vulnerability ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Risk Sources ◽  
Risk Potential

At present, the environmental risk assessment of major accidents is mainly carried out for stationary risk sources. Only marginal attention is paid to mobile risk sources, while the currently available methodologies require a relevant expertise and time for their application, which is only partially possible in most scenarios. In the present study, an integrated approach to environmental risk assessment in the transport of hazardous substances (iTRANSRISK) was developed. The approach proposed is based on the principle of index-based assessment of leakage scenarios involving toxic and flammable substances during transport, in the context of indexing environmental vulnerability. The key point of the method is the conversion of local-specific data concerning the risk potential of the transported substance, the consequences and the probability of a major accident, and environmental vulnerability assessment into a single entity. The created integral approach is proposed for the needs of carriers of the hazardous substances and the state administration bodies. The proposed approach is determined for the screening risk assessment at the beginning of the process of the planning a suitable transport routes and the results are for information only. An example of the application of the iTRANSRISK integrated approach is demonstrated considering an explosion scenario following a propane tanker leak (18 t) in a forested area, with moderately susceptible soils and no surface water or groundwater affected.

scholarly journals Critical discussion of the current environmental risk assessment (ERA) of veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) in the European Union, considering changes in animal husbandry

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Haupt ◽  
Céline Heinemann ◽  
Jason Jeremia Hayer ◽  
Simone Magdalene Schmid ◽  
Miriam Guse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
European Union ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Assessment ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Veterinary Medicinal Products

Abstract Background Veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) administered to livestock might affect the environment. Therefore, an environmental risk assessment (ERA) is conducted during the approval process of VMPs. In the European Union (EU), the ERA, which was established approximately 10 years ago, consists of two phases. In the present review, we examined the first phase. In this phase, VMPs are subjected to a decision-making process comprising 19 questions and several tables with default values published in the “Guideline on environmental impact assessment for veterinary medicinal products in support of the VICH guidelines GL6 and GL38 (European Medicines Agency 2016).” Since a proportion of livestock husbandry systems is currently shifting toward ecological husbandry and free-range production systems, there is a lower risk of VMP consumption in general, but livestock excretions possibly containing VMPs might be directly released into the environment instead of being stored and applied as manure. In the present study, the first phase of the current ERA of VMPs in the EU was critically discussed with respect to the changes in animal husbandry. The large number of default values used in the ERA were checked for topicality. In a three-step approach, firstly trends and changes in animal husbandry in Europe that might be relevant for the ERA were collected, secondly, the interactions between Phase I and animal husbandry were evaluated and thirdly, the default values used in Phase I were verified in order to identify research gaps. Results Several default values used in the current ERA were identified as outdated. Together with the lack of valid data (e.g., on animal husbandry systems or VMP treatments), this may have an impact on the predicted environmental concentration (PEC) as the central decision threshold of the ERA. Conclusions The results of the present study indicate that an update of the ERA of VMPs in the EU is required to consider the changes in animal husbandry. Several aspects related to this issue are critically discussed.

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