scholarly journals Fumigation of Insect-Infested Wooden Logs by EDN Using Two Scenarios of Plastic Tent-Tarpaulin Sealing: Wooden Logs Stacks Placed on Bottom Plastic Sheets or Directly on Underlying Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13377
Author(s):  
Jonas Hnatek ◽  
Vaclav Stejskal ◽  
Tomas Vendl ◽  
Radek Aulicky ◽  
Jarmila Malkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Forest Conditions

Recently, the largest bark beetle calamity (Ips typographus) of the last 100 years has erupted in Central Europe, including the Czech Republic. This calamity may threaten the sustainability of growing large areas of monoculture Norway spruce (Picea abies) in this area. Limited economically feasible physical and chemical pest control options are available to prevent the bark beetle spread. However, from these options, only mechanical bark removal or gas-insecticide fumigation result in instant deactivation of all pest stages throughout the entire stack of stored logs. Due to the ban on the use of methyl bromide (MeBr) for the fumigation of log piles under tarpaulin, the adaptation of the phyto-quarantine method EDN to the destruction of I. typographus bark beetles in harvested wood directly in forests was newly proposed in the Czech Republic. The methodical experience with fumigation of the harvested logs, however, was only available for wood fumigation in chambers or in tent-tarps fumigation placed on paved (concrete/asphalt) surfaces mainly in ship harbors. Prior to the introduction of the new EDN fumigation method of bark beetle infested wood stored directly in the forests, it was initially unclear whether it was necessary to use or neglect bottom sheets to optimize exposure and maximize Ct products for the permitted fixed initial dose (50 g·m−3). Therefore, the initial validation pilot trials were aimed at the estimation and comparison of EDN temporal dynamics and Ct products under real forest conditions and two fumigation scenarios: Wooden log pile placed on bottom plastic sheets or directly on soil without the bottom sheets. Field trials were performed under both identical as well as different environmental conditions. In addition, they revealed that the concentration decrease was significantly faster and Ct products were significantly lower in the case of trials without the bottom sheets. The experiments indicated high EDN sorption by the uncovered soil under the tent. Quantitatively, the average Ct product was 4.8 (identical conditions) and 3.7 (different conditions) times lower in EDN trials without the bottom sheets when compared to the use of bottom sheets. The initial field-forest fumigation validation trials indicated a necessity to carry out EDN fumigation under tent-tarps also using bottom sheets, although this fumigation procedure increases the labor-demands to some extent. Based on the presented results and additional data, the Czech authority issued for the EDN plant protection product an authorization for the limited and controlled use of wooden logs. Therefore, this work became the basis of the historically and first officially authorized use of any fumigant for pest control under commercial forest conditions.

scholarly journals Contribution to bionomy of Hylesinus fraxini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and its monogamy in the Czech Republic

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 240-245
Author(s):  
Karolina Lukášová ◽  
Soňa Zimová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Fraxinus Excelsior ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Gallery System

Abstract This study focused on bionomics of the ash bark beetle Hylesinus fraxini (Panzer 1779). The study area was at Jílové u Prahy in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. In February 2014, three common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) trees were felled and Hylesinus fraxini infestation was subsequently observed from March. Beetles were collected from 20 debarked logs and dissected under stereomicroscope, and their sex was determined. Five logs with bark beetles were placed into photoeclectors. Beetles that emerged were collected and put into the second photoeclector with fresh ash wood to determine whether they would establish the second generation. The analysis showed that each gallery system with a pair of bark beetles contained one male with only one female. If one adult of H. fraxini was found in the gallery system, it was usually female. Therefore, possible polygamy of Hylesinus fraxini was not confirmed in Central Bohemia. Maternal gallery length significantly correlated with the number of eggs laid per female. Offspring beetles did not establish the second generation, as only maturation feeding occurred in fresh wood.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Calamity Logging on the Development of Spruce Wood Prices in Czech Forestry

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Toth ◽  
Mansoor Maitah ◽  
Kamil Maitah ◽  
Veronika Jarolínová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Wood Harvesting ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Forestry Sector ◽  
Socio Economic Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Currently, the decline in spruce wood prices is a serious problem for the forestry sector in the Czech Republic. We estimate that the fall in wood prices in European markets causes losses not only to the forestry companies producing, harvesting, and processing the wood, but also to the workers in the sector. These losses are mainly caused by a combination of several natural factors: drought, climate change, and the effects of bark beetles. In particular, spruce bark beetles cause the greatest damage. Due to this bark beetle calamity, unplanned logging has increased. In 2019, these damages have culminated. Almost 100 million m3 of wood has been harvested over the last decade due to the bark beetle and more than half of this volume has been mined in the last four years. Therefore, the losses in the forestry sector are around EUR 1.12 billion. The aim of this study is an analysis of the relationship between the volume of incidental logging and the decline in the price of spruce wood. These results show the strong correlation between the measure of unplanned wood harvesting and the decrease in wood prices, as well as an estimate of price development if the upward trend of incidental mining continues. The average price of wood in the Czech Republic could thus reach a historical minimum of EUR 79.39 per m3 of spruce and category SM/JE II (spruce/fir). In addition, the decline in wood prices will be reflected in the management of forestry and timber businesses, including stagnant wages for forestry workers. The socio-economic impact of the bark beetle calamity is high and is most affected by the decline in spruce timber prices.

scholarly journals Evaluation of gooseberry cultivars resistance to the American gooseberry powdery mildew Sphaerotheca mors uvae Schwein and its chemical control

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 583-587
Author(s):  
M. Vaverka ◽  
S. Vaverka
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Biological Effect ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Biological Efficacy ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Susceptibility Evaluation

In the course of 1993–2001 extensive field trials were carried out to evaluate the resistance (susceptibility) level of 34 gooseberry cultivars to the American gooseberry powdery mildew Sphaerotheca mors uvae Schwein. Cultivars originated from the Czech Republic and from other European countries. Each tested cultivar had 7 trees (5–10 years old). Beside the resistance (susceptibility) evaluation, biological efficacy of 9 fungicides using EPPO methods has been checked at the same number of cultivars and at the same number of gooseberry trees. Highly significant differences of resistance or susceptibility were observed among gooseberry varieties. Analogical results (differences in biological activity of fungicides) have been attained in the course of chemical treatment. 18 cultivars has been classified as low resistant, 12 cultivars as moderate resistant and 4 cultivars as high resistant. None of the tested fungicides proved perfect biological efficacy (100% healthy berries). 4 of them proved high biological effect (more than 90% healthy berries), 3 proved low biological activity (less than 75% healthy berries) and 2 proved moderate biological activity (75–90% healthy berries).

scholarly journals Notes to distribution and seasonal activity of spruce diprionids (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) in the eastern part of the Czech Republic

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 579-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Holuša ◽  
L. Roller
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Emergence Trap ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Malaise Traps

A study of diprionids associated with spruce was done at 31 sites of the eastern part of the Czech Republic in 1988–2003. In total 45 specimens belonging to Gilpinia abieticola (6 specimens), G. hercyniae (3) and G. polytoma (36) were collected using Malaise traps, emergency traps, bark-beetle pheromone baited traps or sweeping. The spruce diprionids were recorded in 30% of the studied sites only. G. polytoma was the most abundant and it is probably bivoltine with adult activity from April to August. The results of emergence trap-monitoring in Paskovský les indicate that this species is in latency.

scholarly journals Severity of powdery mildew on winter barley in the Czech Republic in 1976–2005

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dreiseitl
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
High Infection ◽  
High Disease Severity ◽  
Important Disease

Results of scoring the reaction to powdery mildew of 240 winter barley varieties that were gradually included in 392 Czech Official Trials conducted at 21 locations were analysed. The reaction of the varieties was determined on the basis of the level of infection by the disease. Therefore, the data can also be used to assess the disease severity in years and at locations. Several characteristics indicative of disease severity were considered, including the disease severity coefficient (= average infection of susceptible varieties in trials with a high disease severity/the proportion of such trials). The value of the coefficient is inversely proportional to disease severity. The highest powdery mildew severity was found in 1976, and the years 1988, 1990 and 2003 were characterised by high infection of the examined varieties. In contrast, the disease was practically absent in 1979 and 1982, and its severity was also low in 1978, 1981, 1985, 1991 and 1998. Very low disease severity was found for the period 1977–1982 when insufficient disease severity was found on average in 78% of the trials and high disease severity in only 6% of the trials. The highest disease severity was found at locations Trutnov, Horažďovice and Chrastava. The analysis of data from a large number of field trials conducted at various locations for a period of 30 years confirmed that powdery mildew is an important disease of winter barley in the Czech Republic. Known genetic sources of resistance and current methods, such as marker assisted selection, enable breeders to solve this problem.

scholarly journals Determination of the cluster of wheat rust resistance genes Yr17, Lr37, and Sr38 by a molecular marker

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ambrozková ◽  
F. Dedryver ◽  
V. Dumalasová ◽  
A. Hanzalová ◽  
P. Bartoš
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Aegilops Ventricosa ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Wheat Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

A translocation from Aegilops ventricosa carrying genes Yr17, Lr37 and Sr38 was verified in cultivars Hussar, Eureka, Torfrida, Renan, Rendezvous, Rapier and Brigadier by the molecular marker SCARSC-Y15. Of the cultivars recently registered in the Czech Republic, only the western European cultivars Corsaire, Apache, Complet and Bill possessed the translocation carrying Yr17, Lr37 and Sr38. Cultivars Corsaire, Apache, Bill and Complet were highly or medium resistant to yellow rust and leaf rust in 1999–2001 field trials at Prague-Ruzyně, although virulence to Yr17 was found in the 2001 virulence survey also in the Czech Republic. Cultivars Corsaire, Apache and Bill displayed an above average resistance to stem rust, whereas Complet was susceptible.

scholarly journals Physiologic Specialization of Wheat Leaf Rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.) in theCzech Republic in 2001–2004

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 126-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hanzalová ◽  
P. Bartoš
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Wheat Leaf Rust ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Physiologic Races ◽  
Different Parts

In 2001–2004 virulence of the wheat leaf rust population in the Czech Republic was studied on Thatcher near-isogenic lines with Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2b, Lr2c, Lr3a, Lr9, Lr10, Lr11, Lr15, Lr17, Lr19, Lr21, Lr23, Lr24, Lr26 and Lr28. Samples of leaf rust (180 in total) were obtained from different parts of the Czech Republic. Resistance genes Lr9 and Lr19 were effective to all tested isolates like in the previous years. Unlike the previous years virulence on Lr24 and Lr28 was observed. Relatively effective were also Lr1, Lr2a, Lr24, Lr28 and Lr2b. Other Lr genes were defeated by the majority of the tested samples. Our results transformed to the numbers of physiologic races indicate that race 61SaBa prevailed like in the previous years, followed by races 61, 2, 12SaBa, 2SaBa, 14, 77SaBa, 12, 57, 6, 53, 53SaBa, 77, and 14SaBa. Twenty-one winter wheat cultivars registered in 2001–2004 were tested with 8 leaf rust isolates. Out of them 15 showed resistance at least to one rust isolate. High resistance recorded in field trials for cvs Batis and Ilias, which were susceptible to all tested rust isolates at the seedling stage, demonstrates the importance of field (partial) resistance.  

scholarly journals Geographical variability of sprucebark beetle development under climate change in the Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 242-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hlásny ◽  
L. Zajíčková ◽  
M. Turčáni ◽  
J. Holuša ◽  
Z. Sitková
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Distant Future ◽  
Spruce Bark Beetle ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
Generation Regime ◽  
Near Future

Climate change is expected to influence the distribution and population dynamics of many insect pests, with potential severe impacts on forests. Spruce bark beetle Ips typographus (L.) (Col.: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) is the most important forest insect pest in Europe whose development is strictly regulated by air temperature. Therefore, climate change is anticipated to induce changes in the pest's distribution and development. We used the PHENIPS model to evaluate climate change impacts on the distribution and voltinism of spruce bark beetle in the Czech Republic. Two future time periods – 2025–2050 (near future) and 2075–2100 (distant future) – are addressed. The period 1961–1990 is used as the reference. We found that while a two-generation regime dominated in the Czech Republic in the reference period, significant three-generation regime regions are projected to appear in the near future. In the distant future, the three-generation regime can be expected to occur over all existing coniferous stands in the Czech Republic. The analysis of altitudinal shift of n-generation regime regions indicates noticeable expansion of Ips typographus development to higher elevations, leading for example to disappearance of one-generation regime regions in the distant future. Uncertainties and limitations of the presented findings are discussed as well.

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