scholarly journals Evaluation of an Algorithm for Testis-Sparing Surgery in Boys with Testicular Tumors: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Surgeries ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Cezanne D. Kooij ◽  
Caroline C.C. Hulsker ◽  
Mariëtte E.G. Kranendonk ◽  
József Zsiros ◽  
Annemieke S. Littooij ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Testicular Tumor ◽  
Testicular Atrophy ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Testicular Tumors ◽  
Stromal Tumors ◽  
Prepubertal Boys ◽  
Sex Cord Stromal Tumors

Aim: This study reports surgical treatment and its outcome for boys with a testicular tumor, in order to analyze the considerations of testis-sparing surgery (TSS) and investigate whether, in retrospect, treatment was according to a recently developed algorithm. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed boys with testicular tumors who underwent surgical treatment between January 2000 and June 2020 at the Wilhelmina’s Children’s Hospital and the Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, The Netherlands. Medical records were searched for clinical characteristics and outcome. Results: We identified 31 boys (median age = 5.5 years) with a testicular tumor, 26 germ cell tumors (GCTs), four sex cord-stromal tumors, and one gonadoblastoma. Seventeen boys (median age = 1.5 years) had malignant and 14 (median age = 3.6 years) had benign tumors. Four boys with benign GCTs were treated with TSS, 25 with radical inguinal orchiectomy (RIO), and 2 with scrotal orchiectomy. No recurrence or testicular atrophy was reported. All boys with benign testicular tumors were treated as suggested by the algorithm, except for one boy treated with RIO. Conclusion: Retrospective analysis of surgical treatment of prepubertal boys with benign testicular tumors showed that TSS appears to be safe, and should be considered based on clinicoradiological data, in line with our algorithm.

Immunohistochemical Evaluation of GATA-4 in Canine Testicular Tumors

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 893-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Ramos-Vara ◽  
M. A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Nuclear Staining ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Testicular Tumors ◽  
Cytoplasmic Staining ◽  
Stromal Tumors ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Sex Cord Stromal Tumors

GATA-4 is a transcription factor expressed in Sertoli cells and less commonly in Leydig (interstitial) cells but not germ cells in adult human beings, cattle, pigs, and mice. We examined GATA-4 in 76 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded canine testicular tumors, including 21 Sertoli cell tumors (SCT), 28 Leydig (interstitial) cell tumors (LCT), 24 seminomas (GCT), and 3 mixed germ cell sex cord-stromal tumors (MGSCT). Our hypothesis was that immunohistochemistry for GATA-4 could discriminate between germ cell and sex cord-stromal tumors of the canine testis. SCTs (21/21) had strong diffuse nuclear and weak and inconsistent cytoplasmic staining. LCTs (27/28) also had strong diffuse nuclear staining and much weaker and granular cytoplasmic staining. GCTs were negative for this marker. Sex cord-stromal cells of MGSCT were also positive. These results indicate that GATA-4 is mainly expressed in sex cord-stromal tumors and not in germ cell tumors of the canine testis.

scholarly journals ПАТОМОРФОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЛЕЙДИГОМИ СОБАК

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2(66)) ◽  
pp. 217-220
Author(s):  
N.I. Shestiaieva ◽  
Y.V. Osadchuk
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Leydig Cell Tumor ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Testicular Tumors ◽  
Stromal Tumors ◽  
Eosinophilic Cytoplasm ◽  
Sex Cord Stromal Tumors

The research for the study of morphological, clinical and macroscopic characteristics of the different histological types of canine testicular tumors. Material was obtained during a routine surgery for the removal of testicular tumors in dogs in clinics of veterinary medicine in Kiev. Tumors were divided into sex-cord stromal tumors and germ cell tumors. Among the sex-cord stromal tumors recorded leydig (interstitial) and sertoli cell tumors. Macroscopical and histologic characteristics of canine interstitial (Leydig) cell tumor are described. It is 12.5% of all testicular tumors. The average age of dogs is 9 years. Largest share is breeds dog such as foxterriers and toyterriers. Interstitial (Leydig) cell tumor has a slower growth compared to other tumors the testicle, no metastases. Half the animals had no clinical signs. Mostinterstitial (Leydig) cell tumor go together with the pathology of adnexal structures. This is because Leydig cell tumor lead to increased levels of androgens. This fact may cause pathology of adnexal structures. Neoplasms are recorded both on the right and the left testis. Leydig cell tumor was not related to the cryptorchid testicles. Most tumors regular oval, brown or gray color, different texture and size with no signs of necrosis or ulceration. The average volume of tumors ranged from 2 to 20 cm2. Microscopically, the tumor is composed of cells that resemble Leydig cells and that are arranged into islands or tubular structures. Find polygonal eosinophilic cells with granular or vacuolated, which contains lipids. Nuclei were round mesh of chromatin and distinct nucleolus. Sometimes noted the large cells with 1, 2 or more nucleoli. In some cases, found elongated fusiform cells with small nuclei and granular eosinophilic cytoplasm. Tumor stroma characterized by calcification. Note mitotically active cells. Cysts lined by tumor cells are present in some tumors. Distinction between benign and malignant forms on purely histological criteria, in the absence of metastasis, often is difficult. Studies on the features of histological structure of testicular tumors will optimize the histological diagnosis of neoplasms.

Non-Epithelial Ovarian Cancer; NCI Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 7-7
Author(s):  
Ashraf Sobhy ◽  
Mohammed Gamil ◽  
Omar Youssef ◽  
Ali Hassan Mebed
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Early Stage Disease ◽  
Stromal Tumors ◽  
Ovarian Cancers ◽  
Malignant Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Sex Cord Stromal Tumors

Background: Non-epithelial cancers of the ovary are uncommon. They include malignancies of germ cell origin, sex cord-stromal cell origin, metastatic carcinomas to the ovary, and a variety of extremely rare ovarian cancers, such as sarcomas and lipoid cell tumors. Nonepithelial malignancies account for about 10% of all ovarian cancers. Objective: To review the management of Non-epithelial ovarian cancer in the NCI Cairo university during a period of 5 years (2005 till 2010). Material and Methods: Retrospective study including 114 patients who were diagnosed and treated with Non-epithelial ovarian cancer (2005 to 2010). Data were collected from the biostatistics and cancer epidemiology department. Results: Out of 114 patients; 25(21.9%) were benign and 25 (21.9%) were borderline malignant; 55 (48.2%) were malignant and 9 (7.89%) of them were unpredicted biologic behavior; the median age of the study population was 49.7 years (range 14_83years). Panhysterectomy was done in 77(67.5%) of the patients; ovariectomy and debulking were done in 22(19.3%; salpingooophorectomy was done in 10(8.8%) 0f patients and cystectomy was done in 3(2.6%) and 2 cases underwent biopsy. Conclusion: Sex cord-stromal tumors and malignant germ cell tumors are the most common nonepithelial ovarian cancers. These tumors often, but not always, present with the sequelae of overproduction of either androgens or estrogens. It is important to diagnose these masses early, as overall prognosis is typically very good for early stage disease in all histological subtypes. Both sex cord-stromal tumors and malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary are treated with initial surgical resection. Fertility sparing surgery can be considered for both sex cord-stromal and malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary. Depending on the pathological diagnosis and disease stage, postoperative management consists of either expectant management or adjuvant chemotherapy. It is recommended that all patients with nonepithelial ovarian cancer be monitored for evidence of disease recurrence on a standardized schedule.

Germ Cell Tumors and Mixed Germ Cell-Sex Cord-Stromal Tumors of the Ovary

2019 ◽  
pp. 231-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Chen ◽  
Charles Matthew Quick ◽  
Oluwole Fadare ◽  
Wenxin Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Stromal Tumors ◽  
Sex Cord Stromal Tumors

scholarly journals Distribution of various histopathological types of ovarian tumors: A study of 212 cases from a tertiary care center of Eastern Uttar Pradesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 075-081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Gupta ◽  
Mahima Yadav ◽  
Vikas Gupta ◽  
Deepshikha Chaudhary ◽  
Shashikant C. U. Patne
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Who Classification ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Serous Cystadenoma ◽  
Ovarian Tumors ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Stromal Tumors ◽  
Sex Cord Stromal Tumors

Abstract BACKGROUND: Ovarian tumors are one of the leading cancers in females with variable pathological types. This study describes the distribution, clinical and pathological details of various histopathological types of ovarian tumors in a tertiary care hospital in North India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective data of 3 years were collected for ovarian tumors submitted to the pathology department of a tertiary care hospital. Data were classified according to the latest World Health Organization (WHO) Classification into epithelial tumors, germ cell tumors, sex cord–stromal tumors, and others. RESULTS: A total of 212 cases of ovarian tumors were studied, 186 were unilateral and 26 were bilateral. Resection specimen, part of specimen, and block review formed 80.2%, 15.1%, 4.7%, respectively. Epithelial tumors formed the majority in 71.7% of cases followed by germ cell tumors (22.2%), sex cord–stromal tumors (3.8%) and others (2.3%). Maximum number of cases in the respective groups occurred in the age groups 31–40, 21–30, 51–60, and 41–50 years, respectively. Overall, benign tumors were 63.7%, malignant tumors were 31.1%, and borderline were 5.2%. The most common histopathological type of benign and malignant tumor was benign serous cystadenoma (18.8%) and serous carcinoma (9.9%), respectively. CONCLUSION: In the present study, ovarian tumors were classified according to the WHO classification, epithelial and germ cell tumors were the major types of ovarian tumors. Benign epithelial tumor formed the majority with 46.2% cases. Serous cystadenoma and mature cystic teratoma were the predominant type of epithelial and germ cell tumors, respectively.

scholarly journals “Chronic fatigue, quality of life and long-term side-effects of chemotherapy in patients treated for non-epithelial ovarian cancer: national case-control protocol study of the GINECO-Vivrovaire rare tumors INCa French network for rare malignant ovarian tumors”

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
François Gernier ◽  
Djihane Ahmed-Lecheheb ◽  
Patricia Pautier ◽  
Anne Floquet ◽  
Cédric Nadeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Stromal Tumors ◽  
Sex Cord Stromal Tumors

Abstract Background Germ cell tumors and sex cord stromal tumors are rare cancers of the ovary. They mainly affect young women and are associated with a high survival rate. The standard treatment mainly involves conservative surgery combined with chemotherapy [bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin (BEP)] depending on the stage and the prognostic factors, as for testicular cancers. As reported in testicular cancer survivors, chemotherapy may induce sequelae impacting quality of life, which has not yet been evaluated in survivors of germ cell tumors and sex cord stromal tumors. The GINECO-VIVROVAIRE-Rare tumor study is a two-step investigation aiming to assess i) chronic fatigue and quality of life and ii) long-term side-effects of chemotherapy with a focus on cardiovascular and pulmonary disorders. Methods Using self-reported questionnaires, chronic fatigue and quality of life are compared between 134 ovarian cancer survivors (cancer-free ≥2 years after treatment) treated with surgery and chemotherapy and 2 control groups (67 ovarian cancer survivors treated with surgery alone and 67 age-matched healthy women). Medical data are collected from patient records. In the second step evaluating the long-term side-effects of chemotherapy, a subgroup of 90 patients treated with chemotherapy and 45 controls undergo the following work-up: cardiovascular evaluation (clinical examination, non-invasive cardiovascular tests to explore heart disease, blood tests), pulmonary function testing, audiogram, metabolic and hormonal blood tests. Costs of sequelae will be also assessed. Patients are selected from the registry of the INCa French Network for Rare Malignant Ovarian Tumors, and healthy women by the ‘Seintinelles’ connected network (collaborative research platform). Discussion This study will provide important data on the potential long-term physical side-effects of chemotherapy in survivors of Germ Cell Tumors (GCT) and Sex Cord Stromal Tumors (SCST), especially cardiovascular and pulmonary disorders, and neurotoxicity. The identification of long-term side-effects can contribute to adjusting the treatment of ovarian GCT or SCST patients and to managing follow-up with adapted recommendations regarding practices and chemotherapy regimens, in order to reduce toxicity while maintaining efficacy. Based on the results, intervention strategies could be proposed to improve the management of these patients during their treatment and in the long term. Trial registration This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov: 03418844, on 1 February 2018. This trial was registered on 25 October 2017 under the unique European identification number (ID-RCB): 2017-A03028–45. Recruitment Status: Recruiting. Protocol version Version n° 4.2 dated from Feb 19, 2021. Trial sponsor Centre François Baclesse, 3 avenue du Général Harris, F-14076 Caen cedex 05, France.

scholarly journals Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: Serological and Immunohistochemical Diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Ivan Damjanov
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Testicular Tumor ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Testicular Tumors ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers

<p>This review deals with serologic and immunohistochemical tumor markers used in clinical laboratories for the diagnosis of testicular germ cell tumors. Time tested serologic markers such as alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, and lactate dehydrogenase are routinely used in the work-up of patients with testicular tumors. Professional organizations regulating the practice of medicine in most countries worldwide require that the laboratory values for these serologic reactants be included in the pathology reports on testicular tumors as part of the tumor staging process. Immunohistochemical markers of testicular germ have been identified and widely tested during the first two decades of the XXI century. We have selected the most useful immunohistochemical markers from a few of these markers and discussed them in this review.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>. Published data show that testicular tumor markers are widely used in routine practice. The study of tumor markers has improved the pathologic and clinical diagnosis of testicular germ cell tumors and has thus contributed to their treatment.</p>

scholarly journals Burned-Out Testicular Tumors in Adolescents: Clinical Aspects and Outcome

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Persano ◽  
Alessandro Crocoli ◽  
Maria Debora De Pasquale ◽  
Raffaele Cozza ◽  
Rita Alaggio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Testicular Tumor ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Testicular Tumors ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell ◽  
Visceral Metastases ◽  
Systemic Symptoms

Purpose: Testicular germ cell tumors are the fourth most common neoplasm in adolescents, accounting for 8% of all tumors in the age group 15–19 years. On rare instances, the primary testicular lesion is not clinically or radiologically evident while nodal or visceral metastases represent the clinical manifestations of the disease. This phenomenon is described as “burned-out testicular tumor.” In this paper, the authors report a single-institution experience with burned-out testicular tumors in adolescents and discuss their clinical implications.Patients and Methods: All the patients diagnosed with metastatic testicular germ cell tumors at Bambino Gesù Children Hospital between January 1, 2010, and June 30, 2020, were included in the study. Patients were categorized into two groups: “primary testicular” and “burned out.” All the patients were staged and treated according to the AIEOP–TCGM 2004 protocol.Results: Eleven patients were classified as “primary testicular,” and five patients were classified as “burned out.” “Burned-out” tumors were associated with the presence of systemic symptoms compared to “primary testicular” tumors (80 vs. 0%; p = 0.0027) and higher aFP, hCG, and LDH levels (p &lt; 0.00001). The “burned-out” population had a statistically significant higher incidence of relevant toxicity than the “primary testicular” population (80 vs. 18%; p = 0.0357) and a worse outcome in terms of both mean overall survival (15 vs. 43 months; p = 0.0299) and mean event-free survival (12 vs. 38 months; p = 0.0164).Conclusion: “Burned-out” testicular tumors seem to be a well-distinct clinical entity with a high treatment-related toxicity and poor prognosis. Further studies are needed to clarify the “burned-out phenomenon” and to identify more effective therapeutic strategies for these patients.

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