scholarly journals Chikungunya virus Detection in Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus during an Outbreak in the Amazon Region

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 853
Author(s):  
Ana Cecília Ribeiro Cruz ◽  
Joaquim Pinto Nunes Neto ◽  
Sandro Patroca da Silva ◽  
Eliana Vieira Pinto da Silva ◽  
Glennda Juscely Galvão Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Amazon Region

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was first reported in Brazil in 2014 and, after it spread countrywide, an outbreak of febrile illness with reports of arthralgia happened in the municipality of Xinguara, Pará, Brazil in 2017, indicating the virus’ circulation. Here, we aimed to investigate CHIKV in mosquito vectors collected during an active surveillance of virus isolation in cell culture by using molecular detection and viral genome sequencing. A total of 492 Aedes, Culex and Mansonia mosquitoes were collected and separated in 36 pools according to the species and sex, and 22.2% (8/36) were positive. CHIKV was indentified in pools of Ae. aegypti females (n = 5), an Ae. aegypti male (n = 1) and in Culex quinquefasciatus females (n = 2). However, as the mosquitoes’ whole bodies were macerated and used for detection, one cannot suggest the role of the latter in the viral transmission. Despite this, vector competence studies must be carried out in the different species to investigate long-term adaptations. Viral genome sequencing has characterized the East-Central-South-African (ECSA) genotype in all positive pools analyzed, corroborating previous reports for the Amazon region.

scholarly journals Complete Coding Sequence of a Case of Chikungunya Virus Imported into Australia

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bixing Huang ◽  
Alyssa T. Pyke ◽  
Jamie McMahon ◽  
David Warrilow
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Real Time ◽  
South African ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
East Central ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Central South

ABSTRACT A case of chikungunya virus infection was imported from India into Australia in late 2016. Infection was diagnosed by real-time reverse transcription-PCR and confirmed by culture isolation and genome sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of the genome sequence indicated that the virus grouped with the east/central/south African genotype.

scholarly journals Detection of East/Central/South African genotype Chikungunya virus during an outbreak in a southeastern state of Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (16) ◽  
pp. 2056-2058 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lessa-Aquino ◽  
K. S. Trinta ◽  
C. P. Pestana ◽  
M. O. Ribeiro ◽  
M. V. F. Sucupira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
South African ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Partial Sequence ◽  
East Central ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Central South ◽  
Sera Samples

AbstractChikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arbovirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes that was first identified in Brazil in 2014. It causes a febrile illness characterised by severe arthralgia and rash. Our group investigated a suspected CHIKV outbreak in Governador Valadares, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil and from 25 acute-phase patients, 10 had qRT-PCR positive sera samples and had E1 partial sequence amplified and Sanger sequenced. Samples were identified as East/Central/South African (ECSA) genotype by phylogenetic analysis and clustered with CHIKV sequences isolated in the neighbour state of Bahia. Our findings confirm previous predictions that ECSA genotype would spread through northeast and southeast of Brazil.

scholarly journals Assessment of Immunogenicity and Neutralisation Efficacy of Viral-Vectored Vaccines Against Chikungunya Virus

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 322 ◽  
Author(s):  
César López-Camacho ◽  
Young Chan Kim ◽  
Joshua Blight ◽  
Marcos Lazaro Moreli ◽  
Eduardo Montoya-Diaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Vaccine Platform ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Efficacious Vaccine

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has caused extensive outbreaks in several countries within the Americas, Asia, Oceanic/Pacific Islands, and Europe. In humans, CHIKV infections cause a debilitating disease with acute febrile illness and long-term polyarthralgia. Acute and chronic symptoms impose a major economic burden to health systems and contribute to poverty in affected countries. An efficacious vaccine would be an important step towards decreasing the disease burden caused by CHIKV infection. Despite no licensed vaccine is yet available for CHIKV, there is strong evidence of effective asymptomatic viral clearance due to neutralising antibodies against the viral structural proteins. We have designed viral-vectored vaccines to express the structural proteins of CHIKV, using the replication-deficient chimpanzee adenoviral platform, ChAdOx1. Expression of the CHIKV antigens results in the formation of chikungunya virus-like particles. Our vaccines induce high frequencies of anti-chikungunya specific T-cell responses as well as high titres of anti-CHIKV E2 antibodies with high capacity for in vitro neutralisation. Our results indicate the potential for further clinical development of the ChAdOx1 vaccine platform in CHIKV vaccinology.

Chikungunya outbreak in Karachi Pakistan 2016-2017: an analysis of viral isolates

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Dhani Prakoso ◽  
Kelli Barr ◽  
Kehkashan Imtiaz ◽  
Joveria Farooqi ◽  
Erum Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
South African ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Amino Acid Change ◽  
Nucleotide Substitution ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
East Central ◽  
E1 Protein ◽  
Central South ◽  
Viral Isolates

Abstract In December 2016 physicians in Karachi, Pakistan,witnessed an increase in patients presenting with febrile illness and severe polyarthralgia. Subsequently, chikungunya virus(CHIKV) was isolated from three patients. This virus was sequenced and compared with other isolates of CHIKVobtained in India and Pakistan during recent outbreaks. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Karachi isolates were most similar to the East Central South African CHIKV lineage and showed sequence homology to isolates obtained in other parts of Pakistan and India. More importantly, two of the CHIKV isolates had a nucleotide substitution in the E1 gene corresponding to an amino acid change at chain F portion of the E1 protein. Continuous...

scholarly journals Spread, circulation and predominance of chikungunya virus East/Central/South African genotype in Northeast and Southeast Brazil

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
André R R Freitas ◽  
Robert Paulino-Ramírez ◽  
Rodrigo N Angerami ◽  
Pedro Mª Alarcón-Elbal
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
East Central ◽  
Diapausing Eggs ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Asian Lineage ◽  
Central South

Two recent researches described the spread of East/Central/South African (ECSA) lineage of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in the Northeastern and Southeastern Brazil (Charlys da Costa et al. 2017, Cunha et al. 2017) . Initial studies in Northern Brazil, as observed in Caribbean, identified the Asian as the circulating lineage of the chikungunya. However, da Charlys da Costa et al. and Cunha et al. reported the exclusive occurrence of ECSA in two different Brazilian regions: Northeast as well as in Rio de Janeiro State (Charlys da Costa et al. 2017, Cunha et al. 2017) , suggesting that the ECSA is the predominant lineage in highly populated Brazilian areas. Despite the well-described vector competence of Aedes mosquitoes for CHIKV transmission, Aedes(Stegomyia)albopictus seems to have a greater competence for transmission of ECSA lineage compared to the Asian lineage (Vega-Rúa et al. 2015) , particularly when variable temperatures mimicking daily fluctuations of temperate climate (Vega-Rúa et al. 2015) . This statement is consistent with the fact that A albopictus has not been denounced as a vector of large outbreaks of chikungunya caused by the Asian genotype. This invasive species have capability of cold-tolerant diapausing eggs, it is paramount to establishment in temperate areas (Mitchell 1995) and new regions are invaded each year (Kraemer et al. 2015) . The predominance of the ECSA lineage in Brazil represents a potential risk of CHIKV dispersion to areas where Ae. albopictus has a broader distribution, particularly in temperate climates, including United States and Europe (Kraemer et al. 2015) , territories with intense commercial and touristic relationship with Brazil. Furthermore, the predominance of ECSA in Brazil can contributes to a better comprehension of the current distinct epidemiological scenarios between Caribbean - where explosive epidemics occurred with Aedes(Stegomyia) aegypti and Asian lineage predominated - and Brazil - with an apparent slower dispersion of CHIKV, where Ae.aegypti predominate but ECSA was prevalent linage. Both studies highlighted the importance of virological surveillance for analysis of current epidemiological scenarios and prediction of potential patterns of spreading of arboviral diseases, locally and worldwide.

scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology, Evolution and Reemergence of Chikungunya Virus in South Asia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadim Sharif ◽  
Mithun Kumar Sarkar ◽  
Rabeya Nahar Ferdous ◽  
Shamsun Nahar Ahmed ◽  
Md. Baki Billah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
South African ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
East Central ◽  
Vector Mosquito ◽  
Central South

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a vector (mosquito)-transmitted alphavirus (family Togaviridae). CHIKV can cause fever and febrile illness associated with severe arthralgia and rash. Genotypic and phylogenetic analysis are important to understand the spread of CHIKV during epidemics and the diversity of circulating strains for the prediction of effective control measures. Molecular epidemiologic analysis of CHIKV is necessary to understand the complex interaction of vectors, hosts and environment that influences the genotypic evolution of epidemic strains. In this study, different works published during 1950s to 2020 concerning CHIKV evolution, epidemiology, vectors, phylogeny, and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Outbreaks of CHIKV have been reported from Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Maldives in South Asia during 2007–2020. Three lineages- Asian, East/Central/South African (ECSA), and Indian Ocean Lineage (IOL) are circulating in South Asia. Lineage, ECSA and IOL became predominant over Asian lineage in South Asian countries during 2011–2020 epidemics. Further, the mutant E1-A226V is circulating in abundance with Aedes albopictus in India, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Bhutan. CHIKV is underestimated as clinical symptoms of CHIKV infection merges with the symptoms of dengue fever in South Asia. Failure to inhibit vector mediated transmission and predict epidemics of CHIKV increase the risk of larger global epidemics in future. To understand geographical spread of CHIKV, most of the studies focused on CHIKV outbreak, biology, pathogenesis, infection, transmission, and treatment. This updated study will reveal the collective epidemiology, evolution and phylogenies of CHIKV, supporting the necessity to investigate the circulating strains and vectors in South Asia.

scholarly journals Spread, circulation and predominance of chikungunya virus East/Central/South African genotype in Northeast and Southeast Brazil

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
André R R Freitas ◽  
Robert Paulino-Ramírez ◽  
Rodrigo N Angerami ◽  
Pedro Mª Alarcón-Elbal
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
East Central ◽  
Diapausing Eggs ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Asian Lineage ◽  
Central South

Two recent researches described the spread of East/Central/South African (ECSA) lineage of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in the Northeastern and Southeastern Brazil (Charlys da Costa et al. 2017, Cunha et al. 2017) . Initial studies in Northern Brazil, as observed in Caribbean, identified the Asian as the circulating lineage of the chikungunya. However, da Charlys da Costa et al. and Cunha et al. reported the exclusive occurrence of ECSA in two different Brazilian regions: Northeast as well as in Rio de Janeiro State (Charlys da Costa et al. 2017, Cunha et al. 2017) , suggesting that the ECSA is the predominant lineage in highly populated Brazilian areas. Despite the well-described vector competence of Aedes mosquitoes for CHIKV transmission, Aedes(Stegomyia)albopictus seems to have a greater competence for transmission of ECSA lineage compared to the Asian lineage (Vega-Rúa et al. 2015) , particularly when variable temperatures mimicking daily fluctuations of temperate climate (Vega-Rúa et al. 2015) . This statement is consistent with the fact that A albopictus has not been denounced as a vector of large outbreaks of chikungunya caused by the Asian genotype. This invasive species have capability of cold-tolerant diapausing eggs, it is paramount to establishment in temperate areas (Mitchell 1995) and new regions are invaded each year (Kraemer et al. 2015) . The predominance of the ECSA lineage in Brazil represents a potential risk of CHIKV dispersion to areas where Ae. albopictus has a broader distribution, particularly in temperate climates, including United States and Europe (Kraemer et al. 2015) , territories with intense commercial and touristic relationship with Brazil. Furthermore, the predominance of ECSA in Brazil can contributes to a better comprehension of the current distinct epidemiological scenarios between Caribbean - where explosive epidemics occurred with Aedes(Stegomyia) aegypti and Asian lineage predominated - and Brazil - with an apparent slower dispersion of CHIKV, where Ae.aegypti predominate but ECSA was prevalent linage. Both studies highlighted the importance of virological surveillance for analysis of current epidemiological scenarios and prediction of potential patterns of spreading of arboviral diseases, locally and worldwide.

scholarly journals First report of the East-Central South African Genotype of Chikungunya Virus in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiara Manuele Alves de Souza ◽  
Elzinandes Leal de Azeredo ◽  
Jéssica Badolato Corrêa da Silva ◽  
Paulo Vieira Damasco ◽  
Carla Cunha Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
South African ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
East Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Igm Elisa ◽  
Central South

AbstractBackgroundChikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arbovirus that causes an acute febrile illness characterized by severe and debilitating arthralgia. In Brazil, the Asian and East-Central South African (ECSA) genotypes are circulating in the north and northeast of the country, respectively. In 2015, the first autochthonous cases in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil were reported but until now the circulating strains have not been characterized. Therefore, we aimed here to perform the molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of CHIKV strains circulating in the 2016 outbreak occurred in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro.MethodsThe cases analyzed in this study were collected at a private Hospital, from April 2016 to May 2016, during the chikungunya outbreak in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. All cases were submitted to the Real Time RT-PCR for CHIKV genome detection and to anti-CHIKV IgM ELISA. Chikungunya infection was laboratorially confirmed by at least one diagnostic method and, randomly selected positive cases (n=10), were partially sequenced (CHIKV E1 gene) and analyzed.ResultsThe results showed that all the samples grouped in ECSA genotype branch and the molecular characterization of the fragment did not reveal the A226V mutation in the Rio de Janeiro strains analyzed, but a K211T amino acid substitution was observed for the first time in all samples and a V156A substitution in two of ten samples.ConclusionsPhylogenetic analysis and molecular characterization reveals the circulation of the ECSA genotype of CHIKV in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and two amino acids substitutions (K211T and V156A) exclusive to the CHIKV strains obtained during the 2016 epidemic, were reported.

scholarly journals Infection, Dissemination, and Transmission Potential of North American Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex tarsalis, and Culicoides sonorensis for Oropouche Virus

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Bethany L. McGregor ◽  
C. Roxanne Connelly ◽  
Joan L. Kenney
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
North American ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Culex Tarsalis ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Culicoides Sonorensis ◽  
Vector Borne

Oropouche virus (OROV), a vector-borne Orthobunyavirus circulating in South and Central America, causes a febrile illness with high rates of morbidity but with no documented fatalities. Oropouche virus is transmitted by numerous vectors, including multiple genera of mosquitoes and Culicoides biting midges in South America. This study investigated the vector competence of three North American vectors, Culex tarsalis, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Culicoides sonorensis, for OROV. Cohorts of each species were fed an infectious blood meal containing 6.5 log10 PFU/mL OROV and incubated for 10 or 14 days. Culex tarsalis demonstrated infection (3.13%) but not dissemination or transmission potential at 10 days post infection (DPI). At 10 and 14 DPI, Cx. quinquefasciatus demonstrated 9.71% and 19.3% infection, 2.91% and 1.23% dissemination, and 0.97% and 0.82% transmission potential, respectively. Culicoides sonorensis demonstrated 86.63% infection, 83.14% dissemination, and 19.77% transmission potential at 14 DPI. Based on these data, Cx. tarsalis is unlikely to be a competent vector for OROV. Culex quinquefasciatus demonstrated infection, dissemination, and transmission potential, although at relatively low rates. Culicoides sonorensis demonstrated high infection and dissemination but may have a salivary gland barrier to the virus. These data have implications for the spread of OROV in the event of a North American introduction.

scholarly journals Chikungunya virus outbreak in the Amazon region: replacement of the Asian genotype by an ECSA lineage

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Gomes Naveca ◽  
Ingra Claro ◽  
Marta Giovanetti ◽  
Jaqueline Goes de Jesus ◽  
Joilson Xavier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Brazilian Amazon Region ◽  
Google Search

Background Since its first detection in the Caribbean in late 2013, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has affected 51 countries in the Americas. The CHIKV epidemic in the Americas was caused by the CHIKV-Asian genotype. In August 2014, local transmission of the CHIKV-Asian genotype was detected in the Brazilian Amazon region. However, a distinct lineage, the CHIKV-East-Central-South-America (ECSA)-genotype, was detected nearly simultaneously in Feira de Santana, Bahia state, northeast Brazil. The genomic diversity and the dynamics of CHIKV in the Brazilian Amazon region remains poorly understood despite its importance to better understand the epidemiological spread and public health impact of CHIKV in the country. Methodology/Principal Findings We report a large CHIKV outbreak (5,928 notified cases between August 2014 and August 2018) in Boa vista municipality, capital city of Roraima’s state, located in the Brazilian Amazon region. In just 48 hours, we generated 20 novel CHIKV-ECSA genomes from the Brazilian Amazon region using MinION portable genome sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that despite an early introduction of the Asian genotype in 2015 in Roraima, the large CHIKV outbreak in 2017 in Boa Vista was caused by an ECSA-lineage most likely introduced from northeastern Brazil. Epidemiological analyses suggest a basic reproductive number of R0 of 1.66, which translates in an estimated 39 (95% CI: 36 to 45) % of Roraima’s population infected with CHIKV-ECSA. Finally, we find a strong association between Google search activity and the local laboratory-confirmed CHIKV cases in Roraima. Conclusions/Significance This study highlights the potential of combining traditional surveillance with portable genome sequencing technologies and digital epidemiology to inform public health surveillance in the Amazon region. Our data reveal a large CHIKV-ECSA outbreak in Boa Vista, limited potential for future CHIKV outbreaks, and indicate a replacement of the Asian genotype by the ECSA genotype in the Amazon region.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document