scholarly journals Progress towards Eradication of Peste des Petits Ruminants through Vaccination

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Hang Zhao ◽  
Felix Njeumi ◽  
Satya Parida ◽  
Camilla T. O. Benfield
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
National Level ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Eradication Strategy ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a transboundary viral disease that threatens more than 1.74 billion goats and sheep in approximately 70 countries globally. In 2015, the international community set the goal of eradicating PPR by 2030, and, since then, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) have jointly developed and implemented the Global Control and Eradication Strategy for PPR. Here, data from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization Statistical Database (FAOSTAT), the OIE World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS), Regional Roadmap Meetings, and countries’ responses to PPR Monitoring and Assessment Tool (PMAT) questionnaires were analyzed to inform on current progress towards PPR eradication. OIE recorded the use of over 333 million doses of vaccine in 12 countries from 2015 to 2018, 41.8% of which were used in Asia and 58.2% in Africa. Between 2015 and 2019, a total of 12,757 PPR outbreaks were reported to OIE: 75.1% in Asia, 24.8% in Africa, and 0.1% in Europe. The number of global outbreaks in 2019 fell to 1218, compared with 3688 in 2015. Analysis of vaccine use and PPR outbreaks in countries indicates that disease control strategies, particularly vaccination campaigns and vaccine distribution strategies, still require scientific evaluation. It is imperative that vaccination is undertaken based on the epidemiology of the disease in a region and is coordinated between neighboring countries to restrict transboundary movements. Strengthening surveillance and post-vaccination sero-monitoring at the national level is also essential. The PPR vaccine stock/bank established by FAO, OIE, and other partners have improved the quality assurance and supply of vaccines. However, to achieve PPR eradication, filling the funding gap for vaccination campaigns and other program activities will be critical.

scholarly journals Eradicating the Scourge of Peste Des Petits Ruminants from the World

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Njeumi ◽  
Dalan Bailey ◽  
Jean. Jacques Soula ◽  
Bouna Diop ◽  
Berhe G. Tekola
Keyword(s):  
Animal Movement ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Eradication Strategy ◽  
The World

Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious viral disease of both domestic (goats and sheep) and wild ruminants. Caused by a morbillivirus, that belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae. The disease is clinically and pathologically similar to rinderpest of cattle and human measles. PPR is one of the most economically devastating viral diseases of small ruminants. In April 2015, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) launched the PPR Global Control and Eradication Strategy (PPR GCES) with the vision for global eradication by 2030. There is a strong and lasting international consensus to eradicate the disease in order to protect the livelihoods of the world’s poorest populations. As with any disease, eradication is feasible when, policy, scientific and technical challenges are addressed. Ten majors challenges are described in this paper namely: understanding small ruminant production, facilitating research to support eradication, refining laboratory testing, improving epidemiological understanding of the virus, defining infection of wildlife and other species, optimizing vaccine delivery and novel vaccines, developing better control of animal movement, heightening serological monitoring, understanding socio-economic impact, and garnering funding and political will.

Methodological Provisions for the Formation of the Environmental-Economic Accounting for Forest Resources in the Republic of Belarus

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
E. A. Poleshchuk
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Economic ◽  
United Nations ◽  
National Level ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Key Indicators

The article defines possible boundaries for forest accounts under the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) in accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Belarus. Under the designated boundaries and in line with the recommendations of the United Nations, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and others in the field of Environmental-Economic Accounting, a list of possible SEEA accounts for forest resources is proposed: asset account for forests and other wooded lands, asset account for timber resources, flow accounts for timber resources as well as ecosystem accounts for carbon and forest services.The proposed standard SEEA accounts characterizing forest resources are adapted by the author in accordance with the legislation in force in Belarus and the accounting methodology, as a result of which the author has proposed the following layouts of forest resources accounts: asset account for forest land, asset account for timber resources for forest stands, flow account for marketable timber resources. For each of the accounts, a comparative characteristic of national and international terminology is presented; in some cases, the authors name the phenomena and processes.In the case of ecosystem accounts, in view of the methodological gaps and difficulties of accounting at the national level, the author proposed creating tables of key indicators of ecosystem assets and ecosystem services for forest resources.The article concludes with the structural-logical model “SEEA-Forest Resources” through which the relationships between the generated accounts are described.

Food waste and dynamic complex systems: The case of Peru and a solution model proposal Part 1: Peruvian Anchoveta (Engraulis ringens)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A Almenara
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Revenue Management ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Solution Model ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Engraulis Ringens ◽  
The United Nations

[THE MANUSCRIPT IS A DRAFT] According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO, 2020), food waste and losses comprises nearly 1.3 billion tonnes every year, which equates to around US$ 990 billion worldwide. Ironically, over 820 million people do not have enough food to eat (FAO, 2020). This gap production-consumption puts in evidence the need to reformulate certain practices such as the controversial monocropping (i.e., growing a single crop on the same land on a yearly basis), as well as to improve others such as revenue management through intelligent systems. In this first part of a series of articles, the focus is on the Peruvian anchoveta fish (Engraulis ringens).

TRENDS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 619-623
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
United States Government ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Equatorial Africa ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Emergency Fund

IT APPEARS timely to call attention again to the work and objectives of the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund. Particularly noteworthy is the trend to use this fund more and more in efforts to help other nations help themselves. Thus the mass attack on tuberculosis, yaws and malaria are, it is hoped, bringing those diseases into proportions where their continued control can be more effectively managed. Similarly, increasing attention is being given to the training of professional and technical personnel. The plans and long-range purpose of the UNICEF have recently been described by Maurice Pate, Executive Director of the fund: "Five years ago, in May 1947, the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund received its first pledge of support, a contribution of $15,000,000 from the United States Government. A number of other pledges and contributions soon followed, and procurement of supplies was begun. By the middle of 1948, those supplies were reaching several million children. "Those early beginnings were in the minds of many of us at the recent meeting of the Fund's 26-nation Executive Board (April 22-24), for on that occasion UNICEF's aid was extended to the only remaining area of need in which it had not been operating— Africa, south of the Sahara. "In the Belgian Congo, French Equatorial Africa, Liberia, Togoland, the Cameroons and West Africa, UNICEF, side by side with the World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization, will soon be working with the governments and people on a number of child-health projects. The largest of these is to be an attack on kwashiokor, a dietary deficiency disease that affects thousands of young children in these regions.

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