scholarly journals Characteristics of Chimeric West Nile Virus Based on the Japanese Encephalitis Virus SA14-14-2 Backbone

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1262
Author(s):  
Guohua Li ◽  
Xianyong Meng ◽  
Zhiguang Ren ◽  
Entao Li ◽  
Feihu Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Animal Study ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
The West ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Significant Public Health

West Nile virus disease (WND) is an arthropod-borne zoonosis responsible for nonspecific fever or severe encephalitis. The pathogen is West Nile virus belonging to the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae. Every year, thousands of cases were reported, which poses significant public health risk. Here, we constructed a West Nile virus chimera, ChiVax-WN01, by replacing the prMΔE gene of JEV SA14-14-2 with that of the West Nile virus NY99. The ChiVax-WN01 chimera showed clear, different characters compared with that of JEV SA14-14-2 and WNV NY99 strain. An animal study indicated that the ChiVax-WN01 chimera presented moderate safety and immunogenicity for 4-week female BALB/c mice.

scholarly journals Nonstructural Protein 1-Specific Immunoglobulin M and G Antibody Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays in Diagnosis of Flaviviral Infections in Humans

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Day-Yu Chao ◽  
Jedhan Ucat Galula ◽  
Wen-Fan Shen ◽  
Brent S. Davis ◽  
Gwong-Jen J. Chang
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Dengue Viruses ◽  
Nonstructural Protein 1 ◽  
Antibody Capture

IgM antibody- and IgG antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (MAC/GAC-ELISAs) targeted at envelope protein (E) of dengue viruses (DENV), West Nile virus, and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) are widely used as serodiagnostic tests for presumptive confirmation of viral infection. Antibodies directed against the flavivirus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) have been proposed as serological markers of natural infections among vaccinated populations. The aim of the current study is to optimize an IgM and IgG antibody-capture ELISA (MAC/GAC-ELISA) to detect anti-NS1 antibodies and compare it with anti-E MAC/GAC-ELISA. Plasmids to express premembrane/envelope (prM/E) or NS1 proteins of six medically important flaviviruses, including dengue viruses (DENV-1 to DENV-4), West Nile virus (WNV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), were constructed. These plasmids were used for the production of prM/E-containing virus-like particles (VLPs) and secreted NS1 (sNS1) from COS-1 cells. Archived clinical specimens from patients with confirmed DENV, JEV, and WNV infections, along with naive sera, were subjected to NS1-MAC/GAC-ELISAs before or after depletion of anti-prM/E antibodies by preabsorption with or without VLPs. Human serum specimens from previously confirmed DENV infections showed significantly enhanced positive-to-negative (P/N) ratios for NS1-MAC/GAC-ELISAs after the depletion of anti-prM/E antibodies. No statistical differences in sensitivities and specificities were found between the newly developed NS1- and VLP-MAC/GAC-ELISAs. Further application of the assays to WNV- and JEV-infected serum panels showed similar results. A novel approach to perform MAC/GAC-ELISAs for NS1 antibody detection was successfully developed with great potential to differentiate antibodies elicited by the tetravalent chimeric yellow fever-17D/dengue vaccine or DENV infection.

scholarly journals A Case of Japanese Encephalitis with a Fatal Outcome in an Australian Who Traveled from Bali in 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Alyssa T. Pyke ◽  
Keat Choong ◽  
Frederick Moore ◽  
Sanmarié Schlebusch ◽  
Carmel Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Severe Case ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Public Health Risk ◽  
Igm Antibodies

A severe case of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection, resulting in fatality, occurred in an unvaccinated Australian male traveler from Bali, Indonesia, in 2019. During hospitalisation in Australia, patient cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) yielded JEV-specific IgM antibodies and RNA, and an isolate of the virus. Ongoing transmission of JEV in Bali underscores this pathogen as a public health risk and the importance of appropriate health, vaccination and mosquito avoidance advice to prospective travelers to the region.

scholarly journals Morbidity, mortality and long-term sequelae of West Nile virus disease in Québec

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (7) ◽  
pp. 867-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ouhoumanne ◽  
A-M. Lowe ◽  
A. Fortin ◽  
D. Kairy ◽  
A. Vibien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
West Nile

AbstractWe aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of West Nile patients reported in Québec in 2012 and 2013 and to document physical, mental and functional status 24 months after symptom onset according to illness severity. The cases were recruited by a public health professional. Data were collected from public health files, medical records and two standardised phone questionnaires: the Short Form-36 and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living. In all, 92 persons participated in the study (25 had West Nile fever (WNF), 18 had meningitis and 49 had encephalitis). Encephalitis participants were older, had more underlying medical conditions, more neurological symptoms, worse hospital course and higher lethality than meningitis or WNF participants. Nearly half of the surviving hospitalised encephalitis patients required extra support upon discharge. At 24-month follow-up, encephalitis and meningitis patients had a lower score in two domains of the mental component: mental health and social functioning (P = 0.0025 and 0.0297, respectively) compared with the norms based on age- and sex-matched Canadians. Physical status was not affected by West Nile virus (WNV) infection. In addition, 5/36 (15%) of encephalitis, 1/17 (6%) of meningitis and 1/23 (5%) of WNF participants had new functional limitations 24 months after symptom onset. In summary, mental and functional sequelae in encephalitis patients are likely to represent a source of long-term morbidity. Preventive measures should target patients at higher risk of severe illness after WNV infection.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document