scholarly journals Viral RNA Metagenomics of Hyalomma Ticks Collected from Dromedary Camels in Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1396
Author(s):  
Fathiah Zakham ◽  
Aishah E. Albalawi ◽  
Abdullah D. Alanazi ◽  
Phuoc Truong Nguyen ◽  
Abdulaziz S. Alouffi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Virus Family ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever Virus ◽  
Vector Population ◽  
Animal Populations

Arthropod-borne infections are a medical and economic threat to humans and livestock. Over the last three decades, several unprecedented viral outbreaks have been recorded in the Western part of the Arabian Peninsula. However, little is known about the circulation and diversity of arthropod-borne viruses in this region. To prepare for new outbreaks of vector-borne diseases, it is important to detect which viruses circulate in each vector population. In this study, we used a metagenomics approach to characterize the RNA virome of ticks infesting dromedary camels (Camelus dromedaries) in Makkah province, Saudi Arabia. Two hundred ticks of species Hyalomma dromedarii (n = 196) and Hyalomma impeltatum (n = 4) were collected from the Alkhurma district in Jeddah and Al-Taif city. Virome analysis showed the presence of several tick-specific viruses and tick-borne viruses associated with severe illness in humans. Some were identified for the first time in the Arabian Peninsula. The human disease-associated viruses detected included Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic fever virus and Tamdy virus (family Nairoviridae), Guertu virus (family Phenuiviridae), and a novel coltivirus that shares similarities with Tarumizu virus, Tai forest reovirus and Kundal virus (family Reoviridae). Furthermore, Alkhurma hemorrhagic virus (Flaviviridae) was detected in two tick pools by specific qPCR. In addition, tick-specific viruses in families Phenuiviridae (phleboviruses), Iflaviridae, Chuviridae, Totiviridae and Flaviviridae (Pestivirus) were detected. The presence of human pathogenetic viruses warrants further efforts in tick surveillance, xenosurveillence, vector control, and sero-epidemiological investigations in human and animal populations to predict, contain and mitigate future outbreaks in the region.

scholarly journals Identification of the Leader-Body Junctions for the Viral Subgenomic mRNAs and Organization of the Simian Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Genome: Evidence for Gene Duplication during Arterivirus Evolution

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 862-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. Godeny ◽  
A. A. F. de Vries ◽  
X. C. Wang ◽  
S. L. Smith ◽  
R. J. de Groot
Keyword(s):  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Comparative Sequence Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Virus Family ◽  
Simian Hemorrhagic Fever Virus ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever Virus

ABSTRACT Simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV) was recently reclassified and assigned to the new virus family Arteriviridae. During replication, arteriviruses produce a 3′ coterminal, nested set of subgenomic mRNAs (sgRNAs). These sgRNAs arise by discontinuous transcription, and each contains a 5′ leader sequence which is joined to the body of the mRNA through a conserved junction sequence. Only the 5′-most open reading frame (ORF) is believed to be transcribed from each sgRNA. The SHFV genome encodes nine ORFs that are presumed to be expressed from sgRNAs. However, reverse transcription-PCR analysis with leader- and ORF-specific primers identified only eight sgRNA species. The consensus sequence 5′-UCNUUAACC-3′ was identified as the junction motif. Our data suggest that sgRNA 2 may be bicistronic, expressing both ORF 2a and ORF 2b. SHFV encodes three more ORFs on its genome than the other arteriviruses. Comparative sequence analysis suggested that SHFV ORFs 2a, 2b, and 3 are related to ORFs 2 through 4 of the other arteriviruses. Evidence which suggests that SHFV ORFs 4 through 6 are related to ORFs 2a through 3 and may have resulted from a recombination event during virus evolution is presented.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequencing and Genetic Characterization of Alkhumra Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Isolated from Najran, Saudi Arabia

Intervirology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 300-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq A. Madani ◽  
Esam I. Azhar ◽  
El-Tayeb M.E. Abuelzein ◽  
Moujahed Kao ◽  
Hussein M.S. Al-Bar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Complete Genome Sequencing ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever Virus

scholarly journals Alkhurma Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Virus: Proposed Guidelines for Detection, Prevention, and Control in Saudi Arabia

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. e1604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziad A. Memish ◽  
Shamsudeen F. Fagbo ◽  
Abdullah M. Assiri ◽  
Pierre Rollin ◽  
Ali M. Zaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever Virus ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Molecular survey of flaviviruses and orthobunyaviruses in Amblyomma spp. ticks collected in Minas Gerais, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 764-768
Author(s):  
Lina de Campos Binder ◽  
Laura Beatriz Tauro ◽  
Adrian Alejandro Farias ◽  
Marcelo Bahia Labruna ◽  
Adrian Diaz
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Full Genome Sequencing ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever Virus ◽  
Emerging Viral Diseases

Abstract Due to anthropic environmental changes, vector-borne diseases are emerging worldwide. Ticks are known vectors of several pathogens of concern among humans and animals. In recent decades, several examples of tick-borne emerging viral diseases have been reported (Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Powassan virus, encephalitis virus, heartland virus, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus). Unfortunately, few studies addressing the presence of viruses in wild ticks have been carried out in South America. With the aim of detecting flaviviruses and orthobunyaviruses in ticks, we carried out molecular detection in wild ticks collected in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. No Flavivirus-positive ticks were detected; however, we detected activity of Orthobunyavirus in 8 Amblyomma tick specimens. One of those individuals was positive for Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus, which represents the first report of this virus among ticks in South America. Further studies related to the ecology of zoonotic diseases are needed to increase knowledge of this topic, including attempts at viral isolation, full genome sequencing and biological characterization. In this way, we will obtain a better picture of the real risk of ticks as a vector for viral diseases for humans and animals on our continent, where no tick-borne viral disease is known to occur.

scholarly journals Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Genomics and Global Diversity

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (17) ◽  
pp. 8834-8842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varough M. Deyde ◽  
Marina L. Khristova ◽  
Pierre E. Rollin ◽  
Thomas G. Ksiazek ◽  
Stuart T. Nichol
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever Virus ◽  
Individual Segment ◽  
Cchf Virus ◽  
Tree Topologies

ABSTRACT Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe illness with high case fatality that occurs in Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. The complete genomes of 13 geographically and temporally diverse virus strains were determined, and CCHF viruses were found to be highly variable with 20 and 8%, 31 and 27%, and 22 and 10% nucleotide and deduced amino acid differences detected among virus S (nucleocapsid), M (glycoprotein), and L (polymerase) genome segments, respectively. Distinct geographic lineages exist, but with multiple exceptions indicative of long-distance virus movement. Discrepancies among the virus S, M, and L phylogenetic tree topologies document multiple RNA segment reassortment events. An analysis of individual segment datasets suggests genetic recombination also occurs. For an arthropod-borne virus, the genomic plasticity of CCHF virus is surprisingly high.

scholarly journals Low Diversity of Alkhurma Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Saudi Arabia, 1994–1999

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 683-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémi N. Charrel ◽  
Ali Mohamed Zaki ◽  
Mazen Fakeeh ◽  
Amany Ibrahim Yousef ◽  
Reine de Chesse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever Virus ◽  
Low Diversity

scholarly journals Association of Dromedary Camels and Camel Ticks with Reassortant Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, United Arab Emirates

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 2471-2474
Author(s):  
Jeremy V. Camp ◽  
Pia Weidinger ◽  
Sathiskumar Ramaswamy ◽  
Dafalla O. Kannan ◽  
Babiker Mohammed Osman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever Virus
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