Retrospective Enhanced Bat Lyssavirus Surveillance in Germany between 2018–2020

Lyssaviruses are the causative agents for rabies, a zoonotic and fatal disease. Bats are the ancestral reservoir host for lyssaviruses, and at least three different lyssaviruses have been found in bats from Germany. Across Europe, novel lyssaviruses were identified in bats recently and occasional spillover infections in other mammals and human cases highlight their public health relevance. Here, we report the results from an enhanced passive bat rabies surveillance that encompasses samples without human contact that would not be tested under routine conditions. To this end, 1236 bat brain samples obtained between 2018 and 2020 were screened for lyssaviruses via several RT-qPCR assays. European bat lyssavirus type 1 (EBLV-1) was dominant, with 15 positives exclusively found in serotine bats (Eptesicus serotinus) from northern Germany. Additionally, when an archived set of bat samples that had tested negative for rabies by the FAT were screened in the process of assay validation, four samples tested EBLV-1 positive, including two detected in Pipistrellus pipistrellus. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis of 17 full genomes assigned all except one of these viruses to the A1 cluster of the EBLV-1a sub-lineage. Furthermore, we report here another Bokeloh bat lyssavirus (BBLV) infection in a Natterer’s bat (Myotis nattereri) found in Lower Saxony, the tenth reported case of this novel bat lyssavirus.

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Denmark-Norway as a Potential World Power in the Early Seventeenth Century

Itinerario ◽

10.1017/s0165115300003077 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 17-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Már Jónsson

Keyword(s):

Foreign Affairs ◽

The Political ◽

Military Operations ◽

Huge Amount ◽

Northern Germany ◽

Lower Saxony ◽

One Year ◽

Council Of State ◽

Standing Army ◽

Do So

On 2 January 1625, the English ambassador Robert Anstruther met with King Christian IV of Norway and Denmark and requested his participation in a union of Protestant states against Emperor Ferdinand II and the Catholic League in Germany. Within three days, King Christian proposed to contribute five thousand soldiers for one year, as part of an army of almost thirty thousand men. In early June, despite opposition from the Danish Council of State, reluctant to put a huge amount of money into foreign affairs, Christian decided to join what he called “the war for the defence of Lower Saxony”. He then headed an army of mercenaries southwards through Lower Saxony, secured all crossings over the river Weser and prepared to confront the Catholic forces. On 29 November, it was decided that Denmark would be in charge of military operations in Northern Germany, whereas England and the United Provinces would provide a monthly subsidy. The political and military prospects for Denmark were excellent, to say the least. It had the fourth strongest navy in Europe (after Spain and the two new allies), and only a few years before the Danish warships had been described by a French observer as “merveilles de l'océan”. A small standing army of two regiments had recently been established and Denmark was the fourth European state to do so after France, Spain and the neighbouring Sweden.

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Public health risk analysis of European bat lyssavirus infection in The Netherlands

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268807000167 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 137 (6) ◽

pp. 803-809 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

K. TAKUMI ◽

P. H. C. LINA ◽

W. H. M. VAN DER POEL ◽

J. A. KRAMPS ◽

J. W. B. VAN DER GIESSEN

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Analysis ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Health Risk ◽

Companion Animals ◽

Public Health Risk ◽

Northern Half ◽

Viral Particles ◽

Bat Rabies ◽

Eptesicus Serotinus

SUMMARYWe present the frequency and the nature of contact incidents of the Serotine bat,Eptesicus serotinus, with humans and with companion animals (specifically cats and dogs), in The Netherlands between 2000 and 2005. Out of 17 bats in bite contact with humans, five tested positive for European bat lyssavirus (EBLV) type 1a. Cats had the most numerous contacts with bats (49 times) but a relatively low number of these bats were EBLV positive (six times). We estimated that the average incidence of human bat rabies infection might be between once per year and once per 700 years, depending mainly on the number of infectious viral particles in bat saliva. The risk of bat rabies is higher between April and October, and in the northern half of the country. This is the first study in Europe describing the risk of human bat rabies after bat contact incidents.

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Population genetic structure of serotine bats (Eptesicus serotinus) across Europe and implications for the potential spread of bat rabies (European bat lyssavirus EBLV-1)

Heredity ◽

10.1038/hdy.2015.20 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 115 (1) ◽

pp. 83-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

C Moussy ◽

H Atterby ◽

A G F Griffiths ◽

T R Allnutt ◽

F Mathews ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Structure ◽

Population Genetic Structure ◽

Population Genetic ◽

Bat Rabies ◽

Eptesicus Serotinus

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Numerical modelling of petroleum expulsion in two areas of the Lower Saxony Basin, Northern Germany

Geological Society London Special Publications ◽

10.1144/gsl.sp.1991.059.01.04 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 47-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

S. J. Düppenbecker ◽

L. Dohmen ◽

D. H. Welte

Keyword(s):

Numerical Modelling ◽

Northern Germany ◽

Lower Saxony ◽

Lower Saxony Basin

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Organic geochemistry and depositional history of the Barremian–Aptian boundary interval in the Lower Saxony Basin, northern Germany

Cretaceous Research ◽

10.1006/cres.1998.0121 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 581-614 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Ralf Littke ◽

Lutz Jendrzejewski ◽

Peter Lokay ◽

Wang Shuangqing ◽

Jürgen Rullkötter

Keyword(s):

Organic Geochemistry ◽

Northern Germany ◽

Lower Saxony ◽

Depositional History ◽

Lower Saxony Basin ◽

History Of

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Rare Campanian Echinoids from Höver and Misburg (Hannover Area, Lower Saxony, Germany)

Fossil Record ◽

10.5194/fr-5-121-2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 121-139

Author(s):

C. Neumann ◽

J. W. M. Jagt ◽

R. W.J. M. van der Ham

Keyword(s):

Cement Industry ◽

Northern Germany ◽

Lower Saxony ◽

The Caucasus ◽

Lower Saxony Basin ◽

New Material ◽

The Rich ◽

Marly Limestone ◽

Lower Campanian ◽

Upper Campanian

Amongst the rich and fairly diverse echinoid faunas from the Campanian marl/marly limestone facies as exposed at the large quarries of the cement industry near Höver and Misburg (east of Hannover, northern Germany), there are a few rare taxa, most of which have not been recorded previously from the Lower Saxony Basin. These include Echinogalerus peltiformis (Wahlenberg, 1821), Conulus (C.) matesovi Poslavskaia & Moskvin in Moskvin 1959, Hagenowia blackmorei Wright & Wright, 1949, Diplodetus sp., and Peroniaster cotteaui Gauthier in Peron 1887. New material of another rare species, Hemiaster gr. aquisgranensis Schlüter, 1899, is here described. The palaeoecological significance of the rarity of these is briefly discussed. Of particular note, in a palaeobiogeographic context, are E. peltiformis and C. matesovi. The former is well known from Lower and Upper Campanian arenitic facies in southern Sweden, while the latter was held to be confined to the Lower Campanian of the Caucasus and Kazakhstan. These two species may have immigrated into the Lower Saxony Basin following transgressive pulses or within transgressive systems tracts. Die reiche und vergleichsweise diverse Echinidenfauna der Mergel/Mergelkalk-Rhythmite des Campans von Misburg und Höver bei Hannover enthält einige seltene Taxa, die bisher aus dem Niedersächsischen Becken nicht bekannt waren. Dazu gehören Echinogalerus peltiformis (Wahlenberg, 1821), Conulus (C.) matesovi Poslavskaia & Moskvin in Moskvin 1959, Hagenowia blackmorei Wright & Wright, 1949, Diplodetus sp. und Peroniaster cotteaui Gauthier in Peron 1887. Für eine weitere Art, Hemiaster gr. aquisgranensis Schlüter, 1899, werden neue Funde beschrieben. Die paläoökologische Bedeutung der Seltenheit der vorliegenden Taxa wird diskutiert. Als besonders bedeutsam erweisen sich dabei die Vorkommen von E. peltiformis und C. matesovi. Ersterer war bisher ausschließlich aus den küstennahen Kalkareniten Südschwedens bekannt, letzterer wurde bisher nur im Untercampan des Kaukasus und von Asserbaidschan und Kasachstan nachgewiesen. Beide Arten sind wahrscheinlich im Rahmen transgressiver Schübe dritter Ordnung in das Niedersächsische Becken eingewandert. doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmng.20020050109" target="_blank">10.1002/mmng.20020050109</a>

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Repeated bottom-water oxygenation during OAE 2: timing and duration of short-lived benthic foraminiferal repopulation events (Wunstorf, northern Germany)

Journal of Micropalaeontology ◽

10.1144/0262-821x11-011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 119-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Oliver Friedrich ◽

Silke Voigt ◽

Tanja Kuhnt ◽

Mirjam C. Koch

Keyword(s):

Bottom Water ◽

Elemental Concentration ◽

Water Environment ◽

Source Area ◽

Black Shales ◽

Northern Germany ◽

Short Term ◽

Lower Saxony ◽

Foraminiferal Assemblage ◽

Benthic Foraminiferal Assemblage

Abstract. Published proxy data for Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE 2 or Cenomanian–Turonian Boundary Event) and other mid-Cretaceous OAEs indicate widespread anoxic bottom-water conditions. However, increasing evidence shows that anoxia was not permanent but subject to significant fluctuations. We have generated X-ray fluorescence elemental concentration and benthic foraminiferal assemblage records for a short section of OAE 2 black shales from Wunstorf, northern Germany. Two intervals of low sulphur elemental concentration are interpreted as periods of increased oxygenation of bottom waters. This is supported by benthic foraminiferal assemblage data showing repopulation events associated with these intervals. These repopulation events are characterized mainly by the occurrence of agglutinated taxa, with Lingulogavelinella globosa being the only abundant calcareous species. This observation is interpreted in terms of short-term interruptions of the otherwise anoxic bottom-water environment. Comparison with repopulation events during OAE 1b and Quaternary sapropels make it reasonable to speculate that short-term cooling and an associated increase in bottom-water ventilation at the NW European shelf sea are the main trigger mechanisms for the observed repopulation events at Wunstorf. As source area for benthic foraminifera, shallower parts of the Lower Saxony basin are proposed.

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Impact of burial history on petrophysical properties of Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous mudstones as potential nuclear waste storage sites in the Lower Saxony Basin, Northern Germany

Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften ◽

10.1127/zdgg/2019/0191 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 170 (3-4) ◽

pp. 339-355

Author(s):

Reinhard Fink ◽

Vanessa Frohn ◽

Felix Froidl ◽

Ralf Littke ◽

Anna Kathrin Uffmann

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Waste ◽

Lower Cretaceous ◽

Petrophysical Properties ◽

Burial History ◽

Northern Germany ◽

Lower Saxony ◽

Nuclear Waste Storage ◽

Lower Saxony Basin ◽

Waste Storage

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Antiviral Activity of Cholesteryl Esters of Cinnamic Acid Derivatives

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-1998-9-1017 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 53 (9-10) ◽

pp. 883-887 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Angel S. Galabov ◽

Lubomira Nikolaeva ◽

Daniela Todorova ◽

Tsenka Milkova

Keyword(s):

Antiviral Activity ◽

Cinnamic Acid ◽

Cholesteryl Esters ◽

Cinnamic Acid Derivatives ◽

Steryl Esters ◽

Causative Agents ◽

Marked Activity ◽

Taxonomic Groups

Cholesteryl 3”,4”-dimethoxycinnamate (7) and a new synthesized o-coumaroyl ester of 3β- (2’-hydroxyethoxy)-cholest-5-en (13) exhibited a marked activity against poliovirus type 1 (Mahoney). Compound 7 showed an approximately 20-fold greater selectivity in its antiviral activity than compound 13. These compounds were selected from thirteen steryl esters of cinnamic acid derivatives through an in vitro antiviral screening against viruses belonging to taxonomic groups with causative agents of important human infectious diseases to which chemotherapy is indicated, i.e. Picornaviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Paramyxoviridae and Herpesviridae.

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