scholarly journals Identification and Genetic Characterization of Viral Pathogens in Ruminant Gestation Abnormalities, Israel, 2015–2019

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2136
Author(s):  
Natalia Golender ◽  
Velizar Bumbarov ◽  
Anita Kovtunenko ◽  
Dan David ◽  
Marisol Guini-Rubinstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Border Disease Virus ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Bovine Ephemeral Fever ◽  
Border Disease ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1

Infectious agents including viruses are important abortifacients and can cause fetal abnormalities in livestock animals. Here, samples that had been collected in Israel from aborted or malformed ruminant fetuses between 2015 and 2019 were investigated for the presence of the following viruses: the reoviruses bluetongue virus (BTV) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV), the flaviviruses bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and border disease virus (BDV), the peribunyaviruses Shuni virus (SHUV) and Akabane virus (AKAV), bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) and bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV). Domestic (cattle, sheep, goat) and wild/zoo ruminants were included in the study. The presence of viral nucleic acid or antigen could be confirmed in 21.8 % of abnormal pregnancies (213 out of 976 investigated cases), with peribunyaviruses, reoviruses and pestiviruses being the most prevalent. At least four different BTV serotypes were involved in abnormal courses of pregnancy in Israel. The subtyping of pestiviruses revealed the presence of two BDV and several distinct BVDV type 1 strains. The peribunyaviruses AKAV and SHUV were identified annually throughout the study period, however, variation in the extent of virus circulation could be observed between the years. In 2018, AKAV even represented the most detected pathogen in cases of small domestic ruminant gestation abnormalities. In conclusion, it was shown that various viruses are involved in abnormal courses of pregnancy in ruminants in Israel.

scholarly journals Global Distribution and Genetic Heterogeneity of Border Disease Virus

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 950
Author(s):  
Cecilia Righi ◽  
Stefano Petrini ◽  
Ilaria Pierini ◽  
Monica Giammarioli ◽  
Gian Mario De Mia
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Border Disease Virus ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Border Disease

Border disease virus (BDV) belongs to the genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae. Interspecies transmission of BDV between sheep, cattle, and pigs occurs regularly, sometimes making diagnosis a challenge. BDV can yield substantial economic losses, including prenatal and postnatal infections in lambs, which are the primary source of infection and maintenance of the virus in the population. Since BDV is antigenically and genetically related to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), it might pose a significant risk to cattle, influencing BVDV eradication campaigns. Similarly, the presence of BDV in swine herds due to pestivirus spillover between small ruminants and pigs might cause uncertainty in classical swine fever virus (CSFV) diagnostics. Therefore, knowledge of BDV epidemiology in different geographical regions will help prevent its spread and optimize control measures. Previous epidemiological studies have shown that various BDV genotypes are predominant in different countries. This review provides an overview of the spread of BDV world-wide in different host species.

scholarly journals Vaccination of Sheep with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Vaccines Does Not Protect against Fetal Infection after Challenge of Pregnant Ewes with Border Disease Virus

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 805
Author(s):  
Gilles Meyer ◽  
Mickael Combes ◽  
Angelique Teillaud ◽  
Celine Pouget ◽  
Marie-Anne Bethune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Border Disease Virus ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Fetal Infection ◽  
Border Disease

Border Disease (BD) is a major sheep disease characterized by immunosuppression, congenital disorders, abortion, and birth of lambs persistently infected (PI) by Border Disease Virus (BDV). Control measures are based on the elimination of PI lambs, biosecurity, and frequent vaccination which aims to prevent fetal infection and birth of PI. As there are no vaccines against BDV, farmers use vaccines directed against the related Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV). To date, there is no published evidence of cross-effectiveness of BVDV vaccination against BDV infection in sheep. We tested three commonly used BVDV vaccines, at half the dose used in cattle, for their efficacy of protection against a BDV challenge of ewes at 52 days of gestation. Vaccination limits the duration of virus-induced leukopenia after challenge, suggesting partial protection in transient infection. Despite the presence of BDV neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated ewes on the day of the challenge, fetuses of vaccinated and unvaccinated sheep were, two months after, highly positive for BDV RNA loads and seronegative for antibodies. Therefore, BVDV vaccination at half dose was not sufficient to prevent ovine fetal infection by BDV in a severe challenge model and can only be reconsidered as a complementary mean in BD control.

scholarly journals Investigation of Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and Border disease virus (BDV) infections of sheep in Southwestern Serbia

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 319-337
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kurcubic ◽  
Tamas Petrovic ◽  
Radojica Djokovic ◽  
Zoran Ilic
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Border Disease Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Border Disease ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Experimental Group

Serological assay (virus neutralization test - VNT) was employed to examine blood sera collected from sheep of different age categories reared under different housing systems for the presence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and Border disease virus (BDV) infections in sheep. The objective of the investigation in sheep as reservoir hosts of the viruses was to clarify the potential for their transmission to cattle herds and vice versa. Experimental Group A included 5 mini farms composed entirely of sheep that were not in cohabitation with cattle in the same buildings or on the same pasture. Experimental Group B was made up of five mini sheep farms, whose owners raised cattle as well. A total of 10 blood samples (5 from junior categories of sheep aged up to 12 months and 5 from the older sheep) were secured from each of the 10 mini farms selected for the study. The VNT method did not detect the presence of specific anti-BVDV antibodies to both BVDV genotypes (BVDV-1 and BVDV-2) in any of the 100 test blood serum samples of sheep. Specific anti-BDV antibodies to the BDV Moredun strain were not found in any of the test serum samples of 100 sheep.

scholarly journals Special Issue: Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and Related Pestiviruses

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1181
Author(s):  
Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann
Keyword(s):  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Border Disease Virus ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Border Disease ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Positive Strand Rna ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

The genus Pestivirus, encompassing small positive-strand RNA viruses in the family Flaviviridae, comprises four viruses of very significant economic impact to the cattle, swine and sheep industries worldwide: bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) type 1 and type 2, classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and border disease virus (BDV) [...]

scholarly journals Identification of a Common Conformational Epitope on the Glycoprotein E2 of Classical Swine Fever Virus and Border Disease Virus

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1655
Author(s):  
Yu-Liang Huang ◽  
Denise Meyer ◽  
Alexander Postel ◽  
Kuo-Jung Tsai ◽  
Hsin-Meng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Classical Swine Fever Virus ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Conformational Epitope ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Border Disease Virus ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Border Disease

Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) shares high structural and antigenic homology with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and border disease virus (BDV). Because all three viruses can infect swine and elicit cross-reactive antibodies, it is necessary to differentiate among them with regard to serological diagnosis of classical swine fever. To understand the mechanism of cross-reactivity, it is important to define common or specific epitopes of these viruses. For this purpose, epitope mapping of six monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) was performed using recombinant expressed antigenic domains of CSFV and BDV E2 proteins. One CSFV-specific conformational epitope and one CSFV and BDV common epitope within domain B/C of E2 were identified. Site-directed mutagenesis confirmed that residues G725 and V738/I738 of the CSFV-specific epitope and P709/L709 and E713 of the second epitope are important for mAbs binding. Infection of CSFV in porcine cells was significantly reduced after pre-incubation of the cells with the domain B/C of E2 or after pre-incubation of CSFV with the mAbs detecting domain B/C. 3D structural modeling suggested that both epitopes are exposed on the surface of E2. Based on this, the identified epitopes represent a potential target for virus neutralization and might be involved in the early steps of CSFV infection.

scholarly journals Border Disease Virus Infection of Bovine Placentas

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Fernández ◽  
Ueli Braun ◽  
Sandra Frei ◽  
Matthias Schweizer ◽  
Monika Hilbe
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Border Disease Virus ◽  
Infected Calf ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Border Disease

Subsequent to a previous study of border disease virus (BDV) horizontal transmission from a persistently BDV-infected calf to 6 seronegative pregnant heifers, the heifers were slaughtered 60 days after exposure to the infected calf, and their fetuses and placentas were examined. Immunohistochemical examination of fetal organs and placenta showed positive labeling of moderate intensity for pestivirus antigen in 3 of 6 heifers. BDV infection in these 3 animals was confirmed by the detection of BDV RNA in different organs using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In the placenta, the positive cells were visualized mostly on the fetal side. In those 3 heifers that harbored an infected fetus, the placental tissue in the placentome region showed a moderate to severe mononuclear and fibrosing placentitis and, in severe cases, necrotic areas. The inflammatory population was composed predominantly of T and B cells, a substantial number of macrophages, and, to a lesser extent, plasma cells. This is a novel report of placentitis in persistently BDV-infected fetuses from pregnant heifers that became acutely infected by cohousing with a calf persistently infected with BDV, which extends previous reports on bovine viral diarrhea virus–infected and BDV-infected cattle and sheep, respectively.

scholarly journals Spatial analysis for bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine herpesvirus type 1 infections in the state of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leíse Gomes Fernandes ◽  
Edviges Maristela Pituco ◽  
Adriana Hellmeister de Campos Nogueira Romaldini ◽  
Eliana De Stefano ◽  
Inácio José Clementino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

scholarly journals Complete Genomic Sequence of Border Disease Virus, a Pestivirus from Sheep

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 5165-5173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Becher ◽  
Michaela Orlich ◽  
Heinz-Jürgen Thiel
Keyword(s):  
Serine Protease ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Border Disease Virus ◽  
Sequence Motif ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
Border Disease

ABSTRACT The genus Pestivirus of the familyFlaviviridae comprises three established species, namely, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), and border disease virus from sheep (BDV). In this study, we report the first complete nucleotide sequence of BDV, that of strain X818. The genome is 12,333 nucleotides long and contains one long open reading frame encoding 3,895 amino acids. The 5′ noncoding region (NCR) of BDV X818 consists of 372 nucleotides and is thus similar in length to the 5′ NCR reported for other pestiviruses. The 3′ NCR of X818 is 273 nucleotides long and thereby at least 32 nucleotides longer than the 3′ NCR of pestiviruses analyzed thus far. Within the 3′ NCR of BDV X818, the sequence motif TATTTATTTA was identified at four locations. The same repeat was found at two or three locations within the 3′ NCR of different CSFV isolates but was absent in the 3′ NCR of BVDV. Analysis of five additional BDV strains showed that the 3′ NCR sequences are highly conserved within this species. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of X818 with the ones of other pestiviruses allowed the prediction of polyprotein cleavage sites which were conserved with regard to the structural proteins. It has been reported for two BVDV strains that cleavage at the nonstructural (NS) protein sites 3/4A, 4A/4B, 4B/5A, and 5A/5B is mediated by the NS3 serine protease and for each site a conserved leucine was found at the P1 position followed by either serine or alanine at P1′ (N. Tautz, K. Elbers, D. Stoll, G. Meyers, and H.-J. Thiel, J. Virol. 71:5415–5422, 1997; J. Xu, E. Mendez, P. R. Caron, C. Lin, M. A. Murcko, M. S. Collett, and C. M. Rice, J. Virol. 71:5312–5322). Interestingly, P1′ of the predicted NS5A/5B cleavage site of BDV is represented by an asparagine residue. Transient expression studies demonstrated that this unusual NS5A/5B processing site is efficiently cleaved by the NS3 serine protease of BDV.

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