scholarly journals A Herpesvirus of Turkey-Based Vector Vaccine Reduces Transmission of Newcastle Disease Virus in Commercial Broiler Chickens with Maternally Derived Antibodies

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 614
Author(s):  
Timea Tatár-Kis ◽  
Egil A.J. Fischer ◽  
Christophe Cazaban ◽  
Edit Walkó-Kovács ◽  
Zalan G. Homonnay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Reproduction Ratio ◽  
Vector Vaccine ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
And Control

Newcastle Disease is one of the most important infectious poultry diseases worldwide and is associated with high morbidity, mortality, and economic loss. In several countries, vaccination is applied to prevent and control outbreaks; however, information on the ability of vaccines to reduce transmission of ND virus (NDV) is sparse. Here we quantified the transmission of velogenic NDV among 42-day-old broilers. Chickens were either vaccinated with a single dose of a vector vaccine expressing the F protein (rHVT-ND) at day-old in the presence of maternally derived antibodies or kept unvaccinated. Seeders were challenged 8 h before the co-mingling with the corresponding contacts from the same group. Infection was monitored by daily testing of cloacal and oro-nasal swabs with reverse transcription-real-time PCR and by serology. Vaccinated birds were completely protected against clinical disease and virus excretion was significantly reduced compared to the unvaccinated controls that all died during the experiment. The reproduction ratio, which is the average number of secondary infections caused by an infectious bird, was significantly lower in the vaccinated group (0.82 (95% CI 0.38–1.75)) than in the unvaccinated group (3.2 (95% CI 2.06–4.96)). Results of this study demonstrate the potential of rHVT-ND vaccine in prevention and control of ND outbreaks.

scholarly journals Pathogenesis of Enterococcal Spondylitis Caused by Enterococcus cecorum in Broiler Chickens

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Borst ◽  
M. M. Suyemoto ◽  
A. H. Sarsour ◽  
M. C. Harris ◽  
M. P. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Osteochondrosis Dissecans ◽  
Intestinal Colonization ◽  
Lesion Development ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Disease Case ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Hind Limb Paralysis ◽  
And Control ◽  
Enterococcus Cecorum

Enterococcal spondylitis (ES) is a disease of commercial broiler chickens, with a worldwide distribution. Symmetrical hind limb paralysis typical of ES results from infection of the free thoracic vertebra (FTV) by pathogenic strains of Enterococcus cecorum . To determine the pathogenesis of ES, birds with natural and experimental ES were studied over time. In natural disease, case birds (n = 150) from an affected farm and control birds (n = 100) from an unaffected farm were evaluated at weeks 1–6. In control birds, intestinal colonization by E. cecorum began at week 3. In case birds, E. cecorum was detected in intestine and spleen at week 1, followed by infection of the FTV beginning at week 3. E. cecorum isolates recovered from intestine, spleen, and FTV of case birds had matching genotypes, confirming that intestinal colonization with pathogenic strains precedes bacteremia and infection of the FTV. Clinical intestinal disease was not required for E. cecorum bacteremia. In 1- to 3-week-old case birds, pathogenic E. cecorum was observed within osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD) lesions in the FTV. To determine whether OCD of the FTV was a risk factor for ES, 214 birds were orally infected with E. cecorum, and the FTV was evaluated histologically at weeks 1–7. Birds without cartilage clefts of OCD in the FTV did not develop ES; while birds with OCD scores ≥3 were susceptible to lesion development. These findings suggest that intestinal colonization, bacteremia, and OCD of the FTV in early life are crucial to the pathogenesis of ES.

Efficacy of HVT-IBDV Vector Vaccine Against Recent Egyptian vvIBDV in Commercial Broiler Chickens

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 710-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesham Sultan ◽  
Hussein A. Hussein ◽  
Alaa G. Abd El-Razik ◽  
Sallah El-Balall ◽  
Shaima M. Talaat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Vector Vaccine ◽  
Commercial Broiler

scholarly journals Role of Pigeons in the Transmission of Avian Avulavirus (Newcastle Disease-Genotype VIId) to Chickens

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hany F. Ellakany ◽  
Ahmed R. Elbestawy ◽  
Hatem S. Abd El-Hamid ◽  
Rasha E. Zedan ◽  
Ahmed R. Gado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Commercial Broiler

Newcastle disease is an acute fatal disease of poultry. The aim of this study was to determine the dynamics of the transmission of avian avulavirus (velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease-genotype VIId) from either intramuscularly (IM)- or intranasally (IN) infected 8-week-old Egyptian Baladi pigeons in contact with commercial Arbor Acres broiler chickens (4 weeks of age). The mortality of IM infected chickens and pigeons was 10/10 for chickens and 8/15 for pigeons, while the mortality of IN infected chickens and pigeons was 7/10 for chickens and only 1/15 for pigeons. The concentration of viral shedding in the oropharynx was higher than that in the cloaca for both IN and IM infected pigeons. Pigeons infected IN continued shedding the virus from the oropharynx from the 4th day post-infection (dpi) up to the 16th dpi, while IM infected pigeons stopped oropharyngeal shedding at the 11th dpi. Chickens in contact with infected pigeons developed severe respiratory, digestive and nervous signs. The mortality rates in chickens in contact with IM and IN infected pigeons were 2/5 and 3/5, respectively. Chickens in contact with IM infected pigeons showed higher viral shedding titres in both the oropharynx and cloaca than chickens in contact with pigeons infected IN. In conclusion, free-range pigeons are considered an efficient carrier and transmitter of NDV-VIId compared to commercial broiler chickens raised in open houses.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of HVT-IBD Vector, Immune Complex, and Live IBD Vaccines against vvIBDV in Commercial Broiler Chickens with High Maternally Derived Antibodies

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Sedeik ◽  
Nahed El-shall ◽  
Ashraf Awad ◽  
Mohamed Abd El-Hack ◽  
Abdullah Alowaimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Complex ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Vector Vaccine ◽  
Bursal Disease ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) causes increased mortality and severe immunosuppression in commercial chickens. Currently, vaccination mainly used to control IBD. In this study, Group A (n = 30) received the HVT-IBD vector vaccine (Vaxxitek®) s/c and Group B (n = 30) received the immune complex vaccine (Bursa-Plex®) s/c at 1 day of age. Group C (n = 30) received a single dose of intermediate plus vaccine (228E) through the eye-drop route at 14 days of age. Group D (n = 30) was vaccinated twice with the intermediate vaccine (D78) at 12 and 22 days of age by eye-drop. Group E (n = 30) had the same treatment as group D along with the IBD killed vaccine (Nobilis G®) at 5 days of age. The PC (n = 20) and NC (n = 20) groups were non IBD vaccinated birds either challenged or not with vvIBDV, respectively; 20 chicks from each group were challenged with vvIBDV at 4 weeks of age. Based on clinical signs, postmortem gross lesions, histopathological changes, mortality rate, feed conversion rate, serology, bursal and spleen indices, the HVT-IBD vector vaccine administered was found to be safer and provided better protection against the vvIBDV challenge. The use of a killed IBD vaccine at an earlier age in broilers strengthened the protection induced by double doses of intermediate vaccines in broilers with high maternally derived antibodies against the vvIBDV challenge.

scholarly journals Detection of Newcastle Disease Virus by Immunohistochemistry on the Brains of Laying Birds with Clinical Signs Torticollis and Curled Toe Paralysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Ocie Harum Wulan ◽  
Niken Yunita ◽  
Hastari Wuryastuty ◽  
Raden Wasito
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Fast Detection ◽  
Rapid Spread

Poultry is one of animal protein sources that have been consumed much in Indonesia. Various of health disorders are caused by environmental changes, woof and infectious agents have caused decline in production and economic loss. One of diseases that have a big impact on poultry husbandry is Newcastle disease (ND). Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an important disease in Indonesia, because this has spread around Indonesia and caused a big loss for poultry industry moreover, this has high morbidity and mortality and very rapid spread of the virus. The purpose of the research is to find out and determine a fast, exact and accurate, and efficient and effective application immunohistochemistry streptavidin biotin (IHK SB) test on NDV diagnosis affirmation and for NDV fast detection as a cause of disease on commercial laying hens with clinical torticollis and curled toe paralysis symptoms. The samples used in the form of tissues from 20 commercial laying hens with an indication of clinical torticollis and curled toe paralysis symptoms. Brains would be tested using streptavidin biotin. Inspection result data obtained by immunohistochemistry streptavidin biotin (IHK SB) method is analyzed in a descriptive and qualitative way. The result of the research proves that IHK SB coloration, NDV antigen could be detected on brains. Based on the result of the research, it could be concluded that IHK SB could be applied for NDV diagnosis affirmation and it proves that commercial laying hens with clinical torticollis and curled toe paralysis symptoms. Keywords: Newcastle disease virus, immunohistochemistry streptavidin biotin, torticollis, curled toe paralysis

scholarly journals Efficacy of HVT-IBD vector vaccine compared to attenuated live vaccine using in-ovo vaccination against a Korean very virulent IBDV in commercial broiler chickens

2016 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 1020-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-H. Roh ◽  
M. Kang ◽  
B. Wei ◽  
R.-H. Yoon ◽  
H.-S. Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Live Vaccine ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Vector Vaccine ◽  
Commercial Broiler
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