Comparable Long-Term Rabies Immunity in Foxes after IntraMuscular and Oral Application Using a Third-Generation Oral Rabies Virus Vaccine

The live genetically-engineered oral rabies virus (RABV) variant SPBN GASGAS induces long-lasting immunity in foxes and protection against challenge with an otherwise lethal dose of RABV field strains both after experimental oral and parenteral routes of administration. Induction of RABV-specific binding antibodies and immunoglobulin isotypes (IgM, total IgG, IgG1, IgG2) were comparable in orally and parenterally vaccinated foxes. Differences were only observed in the induction of virus-neutralizing (VNA) titers, which were significantly higher in the parenterally vaccinated group. The dynamics of rabies-specific antibodies pre- and post-challenge (365 days post vaccination) suggest the predominance of type-1 immunity protection of SPBN GASGAS. Independent of the route of administration, in the absence of IgG1 the immune response to SPBN GAGAS was mainly IgG2 driven. Interestingly, vaccination with SPBN GASGAS does not cause significant differences in inducible IFN-γ production in vaccinated animals, indicating a relatively weak cellular immune response during challenge. Notably, the parenteral application of SPBN GASGAS did not induce any adverse side effects in foxes, thus supporting safety studies of this oral rabies vaccine in various species.

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Virus-Vectored Ebola Vaccines

Acta Naturae ◽

10.32607/20758251-2017-9-3-4-11 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 4-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

I. V. Dolzhikova ◽

E. A. Tokarskaya ◽

A. S. Dzharullaeva ◽

A. I. Tukhvatulin ◽

D. V. Shcheblyakov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Immune Response ◽

West Africa ◽

Protective Immunity ◽

Viral Vectors ◽

Ebola Virus ◽

Virus Disease ◽

Genetically Engineered ◽

Preclinical Trials

The Ebola virus disease (EVD) is one of the most dangerous infections affecting humans and animals. The first EVD outbreaks occurred in 1976 in Sudan and Zaire. Since then, more than 20 outbreaks have occurred; the largest of which (2014-2016) evolved into an epidemic in West Africa and claimed the lives of more than 11,000 people. Although vaccination is the most effective way to prevent epidemics, there was no licensed vaccine for EVD at the beginning of the latest outbreak. The development of the first vaccines for EVD started in 1980 and has come a long technological way, from inactivated to genetically engineered vaccines based on recombinant viral vectors. This review focuses on virus-vectored Ebola vaccines that have demonstrated the greatest efficacy in preclinical trials and are currently under different phases of clinical trial. Particular attention is paid to the mechanisms of immune response development, which are important for protection from EVD, and the key vaccine parameters necessary for inducing long-term protective immunity against EVD.

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The Cellular Immune Response to Rabies Vaccination: A Systematic Review

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines7030110 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 110 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Overduin ◽

van Dongen ◽

Visser

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Cellular Immune Response ◽

Plasma Cells ◽

Primary Response ◽

Extensive Literature ◽

Registration Number ◽

Extensive Literature Search ◽

Cellular Immune ◽

Rabies Vaccination

The effectiveness of rabies vaccines is conventionally determined by serological testing. In addition to this assessment of humoral immunity, cellular immunity could help assess effectiveness and protection through a broad range of parameters. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically review all literature on the kinetics and composition of the cellular immune response to rabies vaccination in humans. A total of 1360 studies were identified in an extensive literature search. Twenty studies were selected for inclusion. In a primary response, plasma cells are detectable from day 7 to day 14, peaking at day 10. Memory B-cells appear from day 10 up to at least day 28. After revaccination, natural killer (NK) cells are the first detectable cellular parameters. Further research is required to assess cellular parameters in relation to long-term (serological) immunity. This review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under registration number CRD42019134416.

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EFFECT OF BACILLUS OF CALMETTE-GUÉRIN, AVRIDINE AND Propionibacterium acnes AS IMMUNOMODULATORS ON RABIES IN MICE

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46651999000200008 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 107-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. MEGID ◽

M.T.S. PERAÇOLI ◽

P.R. CURI ◽

C.R. ZANETTI ◽

W.H. CABRERA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Rabies Virus ◽

Cellular Immune Response ◽

Propionibacterium Acnes ◽

Inoculation Test ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Humoral Immune Responses ◽

Cellular Immune

The cellular and humoral immune responses of mice inoculated with rabies virus and treated with the Bacillus of Calmette-Guérin, Avridine and Propionibacterium acnes were evaluated in this paper. There was a higher percentage of surviving mice in groups submitted to P. acnes treatment. Lower levels of interferon-g (IFN-g) were found in infected mice. The intra-pad inoculation test (IPI) was not effective to detect cellular immune response, contrary to the results found in MIF reaction. The survival of mice did not present correlation with the levels of antirabies serum neutralizing (SN) antibodies titers, IFN-g concentration and MIF response.

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Erratum to “AAV-expressed G protein induces robust humoral and cellular immune response and provides durable protection from rabies virus challenges in mice” [Vet. Microbiol. 242 (2020) 108578]

Veterinary Microbiology ◽

10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108698 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 244 ◽

pp. 108698

Author(s):

Chuangang Liu ◽

Jianglong Li ◽

Qili Yao ◽

Zhisong Gao ◽

Yanqing Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

G Protein ◽

Rabies Virus ◽

Cellular Immune Response ◽

Cellular Immune

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AAV-expressed G protein induces robust humoral and cellular immune response and provides durable protection from rabies virus challenges in mice

Veterinary Microbiology ◽

10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108578 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 242 ◽

pp. 108578

Author(s):

Chuangang Liu ◽

Jianglong Li ◽

Qili Yao ◽

Zhisong Gao ◽

Yanqing Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

G Protein ◽

Rabies Virus ◽

Cellular Immune Response ◽

Cellular Immune

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Göttingen Minipigs as a Model to Evaluate Longevity, Functionality, and Memory of Immune Response Induced by Pertussis Vaccines

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2021.613810 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Céline Vaure ◽

Véronique Grégoire-Barou ◽

Virginie Courtois ◽

Emilie Chautard ◽

Cyril Dégletagne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

B Cells ◽

Vaccine Development ◽

Vaccination Schedule ◽

Memory B Cells ◽

Immune Memory ◽

Preclinical Model ◽

Göttingen Minipig ◽

Cellular Immune

Evaluation of the short-term and long-term immunological responses in a preclinical model that simulates the targeted age population with a relevant vaccination schedule is essential for human vaccine development. A Göttingen minipig model was assessed, using pertussis vaccines, to demonstrate that vaccine antigen-specific humoral and cellular responses, including IgG titers, functional antibodies, Th polarization and memory B cells can be assessed in a longitudinal study. A vaccination schedule of priming with a whole cell (DTwP) or an acellular (DTaP) pertussis vaccine was applied in neonatal and infant minipigs followed by boosting with a Tdap acellular vaccine. Single cell RNAsequencing was used to explore the long-term maintenance of immune memory cells and their functionality for the first time in this animal model. DTaP but not DTwP vaccination induced pertussis toxin (PT) neutralizing antibodies. The cellular immune response was also characterized by a distinct Th polarization, with a Th-2-biased response for DTaP and a Th-1/Th-17-biased response for DTwP. No difference in the maintenance of pertussis-specific memory B cells was observed in DTaP- or DTwP-primed animals 6 months post Tdap boost. However, an increase in pertussis-specific T cells was still observed in DTaP primed minipigs, together with up-regulation of genes involved in antigen presentation and interferon pathways. Overall, the minipig model reproduced the humoral and cellular immune responses induced in humans by DTwP vs. DTaP priming, followed by Tdap boosting. Our data suggest that the Göttingen minipig is an attractive preclinical model to predict the long-term immunogenicity of human vaccines against Bordetella pertussis and potentially also vaccines against other pathogens.

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Reduced schedule of human anti rabies immunization with Fuenzalida & Palacios vaccine

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46651989000100005 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 23-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Carlos Roberto Zanetti ◽

Silvana Regina Favoretto ◽

Milene Silva Tino ◽

Avelino Albas ◽

Elizabeth Juliana G. Valentini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

The Other ◽

Double Dose ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Cellular Immune Responses ◽

Lymphoblastic Transformation ◽

Cellular Immune

The present study evaluates the humoral and cellular immune responses in 35 volunteers submited to short antirabies vaccination schedules with the Fuenzalida & Palacios vaccine based on the administration of doses on non consecutive days. The volunteers were divided into two groups. The first group received a total number of five doses given on days 0, 4, 7, 20 and 35. The other group received four doses, the first one being a double dose given on day 0 and than three other single doses on days 7, 20 and 35. The evaluation of humoral immune response was carried out by serum neutralization (SN) and indirect immunofluorescense (IIF) tests, while the cellular immune response was evaluated by lymphoblastic transformation assay (LTA) and skin test (ST). According to our results these reduced schedules elicited early and effective humoral and cellulafimmune responses to rabies antigen suggesting that new reduced schedules should be extensively studied in order to give the proper bases to the proposition of changes in the current long-term schedule.

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