scholarly journals Thermal Runaway and Fire Suppression Applications for Different Types of Lithium Ion Batteries

Vehicles ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 480-497
Author(s):  
Cagri Un ◽  
Kadir Aydın
Keyword(s):  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Fire Detection ◽  
Thermal Runaway ◽  
Water Suppression ◽  
Runaway Reactions ◽  
Short Circuits ◽  
Spot Cooling ◽  
Suppression System

With the improvement of lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology, safety is becoming increasingly urgent topic for battery electric vehicles (BEVs). Short circuits, overcharging, high temperatures and overheating can cause thermal runaway reactions and the release of the flammable electrolyte which makes fire suppression very difficult. This study focuses on the mechanism of thermal runaway and fire suppression applications of LIBs. In order to understand this, 10 experiments were carried out. The experiments were divided into as Exp. A and Exp. B. A manual water suppression system was used in Exp. A and an automatic boron-based suppression system (AUT-BOR) was used in Exp. B. LIBs were heated in a controlled manner with a heat source and the effects of thermal runaway and fire suppression were observed. In Exp. A, a large amount of water was required to extinguish the LIB fires. The holes and slits which formed in the LIB after a fire were useful for injecting water. A projectile effect of cylindrical cells was observed in Exp. A. The Exp. B results showed that AUT-BOR mitigates risks effectively and safely. Also, AUT-BOR provides an early fire warning system and spot cooling to prevent thermal runaway reactions while localizing and suppressing the fire. In Exp. B, fire detection and suppression occurred without any explosion.

An Assessment of the Importance of Secondary Spray on a Water Sprinkler Scenario

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander L. Brown ◽  
Sam S. Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Solid Surfaces ◽  
Water Suppression ◽  
Single Drop ◽  
Reasonable Approximation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Industrial Fire ◽  
Simplifying Assumptions ◽  
Impact Events ◽  
Suppression System

Recent development efforts have resulted in new models that are capable of predicting water spray interactions with solid surfaces for a wide range of drop sizes and velocities. These models provide a reasonable approximation to single drop impact events, and significantly improve the expected accuracy of the splash. The models are implemented in the Vulcan software, a CFD code for fire modeling. We wanted to understand how important the splash is to a suppression scenario and the implications of common simplifying assumptions. A scenario with several rectangular objects located beneath a water suppression system is examined. This scenario was designed to be representative of an industrial fire and suppression situation. We compare the deposition masses on the surfaces for three cases, one with the recently developed model, another assuming no splash, and another assuming all splashing drops eject an excessive fraction of their mass. The results of the higher fidelity predictions compared with the more commonly employed and simpler assumptions suggest the importance of splashing to the outcome of an industrial water sprinkler fire suppression event.

Investigation of the Mechanical Integrity of Prismatic Li-ion Batteries Under Multi-position Indentation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Tao Wang ◽  
Rufu Hu ◽  
Xiaoping Chen ◽  
Yaobo Wu ◽  
Katerina Raleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Thermal Runaway ◽  
Mode Analysis ◽  
Battery Safety ◽  
Safety Design ◽  
Failure Mode Analysis ◽  
Thermal And Electrical Properties ◽  
Side Face ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Short Circuits

Abstract Understanding the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of prismatic lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is vital to battery safety design, which is key to electric vehicle safety. In this study, prismatic LIBs subjected to multiple-position indentation loading are investigated. The side face of an intact prismatic LIB cell is divided into 15 sections, and each section is compressed. Experimental results indicate that indentation loading of all sections could initiate thermal runaway. Among the sections studied, that near the positive terminal shows the highest risk of thermal runaway, whereas that near the top-right corner is relatively safe. Failure mode analysis reveals that short circuits may results from contact between the positive and negative current collectors.

scholarly journals Characterising thermal runaway within lithium-ion cells by inducing and monitoring internal short circuits

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1377-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donal P. Finegan ◽  
Eric Darcy ◽  
Matthew Keyser ◽  
Bernhard Tjaden ◽  
Thomas M. M. Heenan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Thermal Runaway ◽  
Lithium Ion Cells ◽  
Short Circuits

Internal short circuiting device for lithium-ion batteries.

Experimental and numerical analysis to identify the performance limiting mechanisms in solid-state lithium cells under pulse operating conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (41) ◽  
pp. 22740-22755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Chin Pang ◽  
Yucang Hao ◽  
Monica Marinescu ◽  
Huizhi Wang ◽  
Mu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Thermal Runaway ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Lithium Cells

Solid-state lithium batteries could reduce the safety concern due to thermal runaway while improving the gravimetric and volumetric energy density beyond the existing practical limits of lithium-ion batteries.

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