Physiological responses of Triplaris gardneriana Wedd. seedlings (Polygonaceae) under intermittent drought

Triplaris gardneriana Wedd is a deciduous riparian tree occurring in areas with different climatic conditions in Brazil, from the rainforest to the tropical dry forest. An increase in global temperature and drought events can change the growth pattern and establishment of the species. To evaluate the effects of intermittent drought on the growth of T. gardneriana seedlings, an experiment was performed using seedlings with one month old subjected to three water treatments (daily irrigation as control, and intermittent drought through cycles of water suppression of seven (S7) and 14 days-intervals (S14) between watering. Growth, biomass production and partitioning, relative water content (RWC), the accumulation of organic solutes, protoplasmic integrity and phenotypic plasticity index (PPI) were evaluated for a better understanding about its drought tolerance level. Intermittent drought severely affected plants growth in S14 plants, showing lower plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, and dry biomass. RWC was reduced, while carbohydrates and proline contents increased in response to drought stress. Protoplasmic damage increased electrolyte leakage in plants subjected to severe stress. However, T. garderiana demonstrated moderate tolerance to water deficit. The plastic changes observed were more physiological than morphological. Therefore, T. gardneriana seems to be a moderately tolerant species to intermittent drought.

The Macromolecular MR Spectrum in Healthy Aging

PurposeMobile macromolecules (MMs) from amino acids, cytosolic proteins and mobile lipids contribute a significant spectral background underlying the metabolite signals in the MR spectrum. A recent consensus recommends that MM contributions should be removed or included in modeling basis sets for determination of metabolite concentrations and/or metabolite ratios. The purpose of this study was to acquire the MM spectrum from healthy participants at a range of ages, and to investigate changes in the signals with age and sex groups.MethodsInversion time (TI) series were acquired to determine an optimal inversion time to null the metabolite signals. Experiments were carried out using a single adiabatic hyperbolic-secant inversion pulse. After the preliminary experiment, 102 volunteers (49M/53F) between 20 and 69 years were recruited for in vivo data acquisition in the centrum semiovale (CSO) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). The protocol consisted of a T1-weighted MPRAGE for structural images, followed by PRESS localization using a voxel size of 30 × 26 × 26 mm3 with pre-inversion (TR/TI 2000/600 ms) and CHESS water suppression. Metabolite-nulled spectra were modeled using a reduced basis set (NAA, Cr, Cho, Glu) and a flexible spline baseline (0.1 ppm knot spacing) followed by subtraction of the modeled metabolite signals to yield a ‘clean’ MM spectrum, using the Osprey software. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated between integrals and age for the 14 MM signals between 0.9–4.2 ppm. One-way ANOVA was performed to determine differences between age groups. An independent t-test was carried out to determine differences between sexes. Relationships between brain tissues with age and sex groups were also measured.ResultsMM spectra were successfully acquired in 99 (CSO) and 96 (PCC) of 102 subjects. No significant correlations were seen between age and MM integrals. One-way ANOVA also suggested no age-group differences for any MM peak (all p > 0.004). No differences were observed between sex groups. The voxels were segmented as 80 ± 4% white matter, 18 ± 4% gray matter, and 2 ± 1% CSF for CSO and 28 ± 4% white matter, 61 ± 4% gray matter and 11 ± 1% CSF for PCC. WM and GM showed a significant (p < 0.05) negative linear association with age in the WM-predominant CSO (R = −0.29) and GM-predominant PCC regions (R = −0.57) respectively while CSF increased significantly with age in both regions.ConclusionOur findings indicate that the MM spectrum is stable across a large age range and between sexes, suggesting a pre-defined MM basis function can be used for linear combination modeling of metabolite data from different age and sex groups.HighlightsA large publicly available MM-aging dataset is presented.Macromolecule signals do not change with age between 20 and 70.There is no sex difference for macromolecule integrals.

Thermal Runaway and Fire Suppression Applications for Different Types of Lithium Ion Batteries

With the improvement of lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology, safety is becoming increasingly urgent topic for battery electric vehicles (BEVs). Short circuits, overcharging, high temperatures and overheating can cause thermal runaway reactions and the release of the flammable electrolyte which makes fire suppression very difficult. This study focuses on the mechanism of thermal runaway and fire suppression applications of LIBs. In order to understand this, 10 experiments were carried out. The experiments were divided into as Exp. A and Exp. B. A manual water suppression system was used in Exp. A and an automatic boron-based suppression system (AUT-BOR) was used in Exp. B. LIBs were heated in a controlled manner with a heat source and the effects of thermal runaway and fire suppression were observed. In Exp. A, a large amount of water was required to extinguish the LIB fires. The holes and slits which formed in the LIB after a fire were useful for injecting water. A projectile effect of cylindrical cells was observed in Exp. A. The Exp. B results showed that AUT-BOR mitigates risks effectively and safely. Also, AUT-BOR provides an early fire warning system and spot cooling to prevent thermal runaway reactions while localizing and suppressing the fire. In Exp. B, fire detection and suppression occurred without any explosion.

PRODUTIVIDADE DA CULTURA DO AMENDOIM SOB DIFERENTES SUPRESSÕES DA IRRIGAÇÃO COM ÁGUA SALINA

PRODUTIVIDADE DA CULTURA DO AMENDOIM SOB DIFERENTES SUPRESSÕES DA IRRIGAÇÃO COM ÁGUA SALINA GEOVANA FERREIRA GOES1; GEOCLEBER GOMES DE SOUSA2; SAMUEL DE OLIVEIRA SANTOS1; FRANCISCO BARROSO DA SILVA JUNIOR3; EMANUEL D’ ARAÚJO RIBEIRO DE CEITA4 E KELLY NASCIMENTO LEITE5 1 Graduandos no curso de Agronomia da Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (Avenida da Abolição, 3, centro, 62.790-000, Redenção/Ce, Brasil). E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]. 2 Prof. Doutor, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (Avenida da Abolição, 3, centro, 62.790-000, Redenção/Ce, Brasil). E-mail:[email protected]. 3Mestrando pelo Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência do Solo da Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici (Avenida Mister Hull, 2977, Pici, 60.021-970, Fortaleza/Ce, Brasil) Email: [email protected]. 4Mestrando pelo Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (Rua: Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, SN, 14.004-900, Jaboticabal/SP, Brasil) E-mail: [email protected]. 5Prof. Doutora, Centro Multidisciplinar da Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus Floresta (Rua Estrada da Canela Fina, KM 12 Gleba Formoso - São Francisco, 69.895-000, Cruzeiro do Sul/AC). E-mail: [email protected]. 1 RESUMO O déficit hídrico associada ao estresse salino afetam a produtividade das culturas agrícolas. Objetivou-se avaliar a produtividade da cultura de amendoim irrigado com água de baixa e alta salinidade submetida a diferentes intervalos de supressão. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de campo, no período de agosto a outubro de 2019 na Fazenda Experimental de Piroás, Redenção-CE. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso em arranjo fatorial, sendo o primeiro fator a salinidade das águas de irrigação (1,0 e 4,0 dS m-¹) e o segundo fator, quatro intervalos de supressões (IS1= 40 a 55 DAS; IS2 = 55 a 70 DAS; IS3 = 70 a 85 DAS e IS4 = sem intervalos de supressão), com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: número, massa, comprimento e diâmetro de vagem e a produtividade. O tratamento sem intervalo de supressão hídrica associado a água de menor salinidade proporcionam maior número e diâmetro de vagem. A água de maior salinidade afeta a massa e comprimento de vagem. A utilização da água de maior ou menor salinidade sem intervalo de supressão da irrigação proporciona maior produtividade da cultura do amendoim. PALAVRAS CHAVES: Arachis hypogaea L., déficit hídrico, estresse salino GOES, G. F.; SOUSA, G. G.; SANTOS, S. O.; SILVA JUNIOR, F. B.; CEITA, E. A. R.; LEITE, K. N.PEANUT CULTURE YIELD UNDER DIFFERENT SALT WATER IRRIGATION SUPPRESSIONS 2 ABSTRACT The water deficit associated with salt stress affects the productivity of agricultural crops. The objective was to evaluate the productivity of peanut culture irrigated with low and high salinity water submitted to different suppression intervals. The experiment was conducted under field conditions, from August to October 2019 at the Experimental Farm of Piroás, Redenção-CE. The experimental design used for the randomized blocks in a factorial arrangement, with the first factor is the salinity of the irrigation water (1.0 and 4.0 dS m-¹) and the second factor, four suppression intervals (IS1 = 40 a 55 DAS; IS2 = 55 to 70 DAS; IS3 = 70 to 85 DAS and IS4 = without suppression intervals), with four repetitions. The following variables were evaluated: number, mass, pod length and diameter and yield. Treatment without water suppression interval associated with less saline water provides a greater number and diameter of pods. Higher salinity water affects pod mass and length. The use of water of greater or lesser salinity without interval of suppression of irrigation offers the highest yield of the peanut culture. Keywords: Arachis hypogaea L., water déficit, saline stress.

Accurate Quantification of Choline-to-Creatine Ratio as a Biomarker to Distinguish Osteosarcoma Patients from Normal Subjects Employing Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Imaging at 3 Tesla

Purpose: This study focused on accurate quantification of a maximum of Choline-to-Creatine ratio (Max (Cho/Cr)) in 10 Osteosarcoma patients, in comparison with 5 healthy volunteers as our control group using proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Imaging (1H-MRSI). Materials and Methods: Max (Cho/Cr) were obtained in 10 patients with Osteosarcoma over their corresponding ratio maps containing diseased tissue, to be compared with Cho/Cr in 5 healthy volunteers at 3T, employing MRSI (Performed Employing Pointed-resolved Spectroscopy (PRESS), TR/TE: 2500s /135 ms) with water-suppression. An extra unsuppressed water Single-Voxel Spectroscopy (SVS) was acquired to provide phase information for further Eddy Current Correction (ECC). Multi-stage preprocessing was applied. Subtract QUEST MRSI as a time-domain technique was employed to accurately quantify the metabolites’ ratios and to estimate the baseline. Results: An optimal database for Subtract QUEST was achieved based on multiple trials evaluated by acceptable peak-fitting and Cramer-Rao-Bound (CRB). Lipids at frequencies of 0.94 and 1.33ppm were combined to increase the accuracy of the Lipid estimation. Conclusion: Estimation of Max (Cho/Cr) evaluated over Cho/Cr spatial maps to distinguish Osteosarcoma patients from normal subjects suggested that the proposed quantification method leads to high power and linear classifier with a high degree of reproducibility, considering 1H-MRSI at 3T machine as a high efficacy diagnostic tool for musculoskeletal radiology.

Tolerance Mechanisms and Irrigation Management to Reduce Iron Stress in Irrigated Rice

Iron toxicity is a major nutritional disorder in rice plants, especially in flooded areas. The use of alternative crop management practices, such as soil drainage, may mitigate negative impacts of iron toxicity, since soil aeration that follows drainage can oxidize and precipitate potentially toxic Fe+2 into Fe3+. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of alternative water management on agronomical and physiological parameters in rice plants grown in a field location with iron toxicity history. Rice cultivars BR-IRGA 409 (sensitive) and IRGA 425 (resistant to iron toxicity) were tested. Irrigation management comprised three treatments: Continuous Irrigation (CI), one cycle of water Suppression (1S) and two cycles of water Suppression (2S). Evaluations included the ionic composition of soil solution and leaf tissues, grain yield, antioxidant responses and gene expression. Permanent soil flooding resulted in higher grain yield in plants from the resistant than from the sensitive genotype, which had higher malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in leaves. In contrast, two cycles of alternate soil drying resulted in equivalent grain yield and MDA concentrations in both genotypes. Resistance to iron toxicity in IRGA 425 plants seems related to limited Fe translocation to shoots, increased tolerance to oxidative stress in leaves and higher expression of Ferritin, OsGAP1, OsWRKY80 and Oryzain-α genes. Plants from the BR-IRGA 409 cultivar (sensitive to Fe toxicity) improved growth and yield under the interrupted irrigation treatments, probably due to lower Fe availability in the soil solution. Management of water irrigation successfully alleviated Fe toxicity in rice plants cultivated in field conditions.

Developing a Specific MRI Technology to Identify Complications Caused by Breast Implants

With advancements in aesthetic medicine, breast augmentation has become a popular plastic surgery worldwide, typically performed using either fine-needle injection or silicone implants. Both carry complication risks from rupture over time. In this study, we aimed to reduce misjudgments and increase diagnostic value by developing an MRI technique that can produce water- and silicone-specific images from MRI scans of phantoms (Natrelle® saline-filled breast implants) and human bodies. Pig oil, soybean oil, and normal saline were used to simulate human breast tissue, and two common types of breast implants, saline bags, and silicone bags, were selected as well, resulting in five materials scanned. Six pulse sequences were applied: T1W fast spin echo (FSE), T1W SPGR/60, T2W, T2W fat-saturation, STIR, and STIR water-saturation. Human body scans were additionally investigated using 3D SPGR fat-saturation dynamic contrast enhancement. Results show that the best way to enhance tissue contrast in images of silicone implants is to apply STIR combined with water suppression, and the best way to enhance saline bag implants is to apply T2W fat-saturation combined with fat suppression. Both offered very high sensitivity and specificity, rendering this method especially useful for distinguishing normal mammary glands from siliconoma.

RESPOSTA DO ALGODOEIRO À SUPRESSÃO HÍDRICA EM DIFERENTES FASES FENOLÓGICAS NO SEMIÁRIDO BRASILEIRO

RESPOSTA DO ALGODOEIRO À SUPRESSÃO HÍDRICA EM DIFERENTES FASES FENOLÓGICAS NO SEMIÁRIDO BRASILEIRO RUDAH MARQUES MANIÇOBA1; JOSÉ ESPÍNOLA SOBRINHO 2; JOÃO HENRIQUE ZONTA3; EDMILSON GOMES CAVALCANTE JUNIOR4; ANNA KÉZIA SOARES DE OLIVEIRA5 E ISAAC ALVES DA SILVA FREITAS6 1 Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, UFERSA, Avenida Francisco Mota, 572, Bairro Costa e Silva, RN, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Centro de Engenharias, Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido, UFERSA, Avenida Francisco Mota, 572, Bairro Costa e Silva, Mossoró, RN, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Embrapa Algodão, Rua Oswaldo Cruz, 1143, Bairro Centenário, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil, E-mail: [email protected] 4 Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Civil, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, UFCG, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882 -Universitário, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 5 Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, UFERSA, Avenida Francisco Mota, 572, Bairro Costa e Silva, RN, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 6 Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, UFERSA, Avenida Francisco Mota, 572, Bairro Costa e Silva, RN, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 1 RESUMO O Semiárido do Nordeste brasileiro tem como característica climática a irregularidade temporal e espacial do seu regime de chuvas. Portanto, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar o efeito da supressão hídrica, aplicada em diferentes fases fenológicas, sobre os componentes de produção de cultivares de algodoeiro herbáceo. O trabalho foi realizado na cidade de Apodi-RN. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos casualizados em parcelas subdivididas e com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de quatro períodos de supressão hídrica nos seguintes estágios fenológicos: primeiros botões florais, início do florescimento, pico do florescimento e abertura dos capulhos, além do tratamento controle (sem supressão hídrica) e quatro cultivares de algodoeiro herbáceo: BRS 368 RF, BRS 336, BRS 432 B2RF e BRS 430 B2RF. A supressão hídrica durante as fases de início da abertura das flores e no pico do florescimento foram as mais prejudiciais e as cultivares BRS 432 B2RF e BRS 368RF apresentaram os melhores resultados. Nas condições desse estudo, a irrigação até 90 dias após a emergência foi suficiente para conseguir altas produtividades. Dessa forma, a decisão em irrigar o algodoeiro com ou sem supressão hídrica é válida, e dependerá dos custos da irrigação e do valor de mercado do produto. Palavras-chave: manejo de irrigação, Gossypium hirsutum L. r. latifolium H., estresse hídrico, produtividade. MANIÇOBA, R. M; ESPÍNOLA SOBRINHO, J.; ZONTA, J. H.; CAVALCANTE JUNIOR, E. G.; OLIVEIRA, A. K. S. de; FREITAS, I. A. da S. COTTON RESPONSE TO WATER STRESS AT DIFFERENT PHENOLOGICAL STAGES IN THE BRAZILIAN SEMIARID 2 ABSTRACT The semiarid of Brazilian northeast has as its climatic characteristic the temporal and spatial irregularity of its rainfall regime. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the effect of water suppression, applied at different phenological stages, in the production components of herbaceous cotton cultivars. The study was conducted in the city of Apodi-RN. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a split-plot design with four replications. The treatments consist of four periods od water suppression in the following phenological stages: the first square, first flower, peak bloom, and first open boll, besides the control treatment (without water suppression), and four herbaceous cotton cultivars: BRS 368 RF, BRS 336, BRS 432 B2RF and BRS 430 B2RF. Water suppression causes greater losses in cotton yield during the first flower and peak bloom phenological stages, because of the high water demand in these phases. The cultivars BRS 432 B2RF and BRS 368RF had higher yield components. Under this study conditions, irrigation up to 90 days after emergence was sufficient to achieve high yields. Therefore, the decision to irrigate cotton with or without water suppression is valid, and will depend on the costs of irrigation and the market value of the product. Keywords: irrigation management, Gossypium hirsutum L. r. latifolium H, water stress, productivity.