scholarly journals Dermacentor marginatus and Dermacentor reticulatus, and Their Infection by SFG Rickettsiae and Francisella-Like Endosymbionts, in Mountain and Periurban Habitats of Northwestern Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Aitor Garcia-Vozmediano ◽  
Giorgia Giglio ◽  
Elisa Ramassa ◽  
Fabrizio Nobili ◽  
Luca Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Current Distribution ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Dermacentor Marginatus ◽  
Rickettsia Slovaca ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Zoonotic Bacteria ◽  
Rickettsial Diseases

We investigated the distribution of Dermacentor spp. and their infection by zoonotic bacteria causing SENLAT (scalp eschar neck lymphadenopathy) in Turin province, northwestern Italy. We collected ticks in a mountain and in a periurban park, from vegetation and different animal sources, and we sampled tissues from wild boar. Dermacentor marginatus (n = 121) was collected in both study areas, on vegetation, humans, and animals, while D. reticulatus (n = 13) was exclusively collected on wild boar from the periurban area. Rickettsia slovaca and Candidatus Rickettsia rioja infected 53.1% of the ticks, and R. slovaca was also identified in 11.3% of wild boar tissues. Bartonella spp. and Francisella tularensis were not detected, however, Francisella-like endosymbionts infected both tick species (9.2%). Our findings provide new insights on the current distribution of Dermacentor spp. and their infection with a spotted-fever group rickettsiae in the Alps region. Wild boar seem to play a major role in their eco-epidemiology and dispersion in the study area. Although further studies are needed to assess the burden of rickettsial diseases, our results highlight the risk of contracting SENLAT infection through Dermacentor spp. bites in the region.

scholarly journals Scalp eschar and neck lymphadenopathy by Rickettsia slovaca after Dermacentor marginatus tick bite case report: multidisciplinary approach to a tick-borne disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Barlozzari ◽  
Federico Romiti ◽  
Maurizio Zini ◽  
Adele Magliano ◽  
Claudio De Liberato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Tick Bite ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Dermacentor Marginatus ◽  
Rickettsia Slovaca ◽  
Tick Borne Disease

Abstract Background Scalp Eschar and Neck LymphAdenopathy after Tick bite is a zoonotic non-pathogen-specific disease most commonly due to Rickettsia slovaca and Rickettsia raoultii. Diagnosis is mostly based only on epidemiological and clinical findings, without serological or molecular corroboration. We presented a clinical case in which diagnosis was supported by entomological identification and by R. slovaca DNA amplifications from the tick vector. Case presentation A 6-year-old child presented with asthenia, scalp eschar and supraclavicular and lateral-cervical lymphadenopathy. Scalp Eschar and Neck LymphAdenopathy After Tick bite syndrome following a Dermacentor marginatus bite was diagnosed. Serological test on serum revealed an IgG titer of 1:1024 against spotted fever group rickettsiae, polymerase chain reaction assays on tick identified Rickettsia slovaca. Patient was successfully treated with doxycycline for 10 days. Conclusions A multidisciplinary approach including epidemiological information, clinical evaluations, entomological identification and molecular investigations on tick, enabled proper diagnosis and therapy.

scholarly journals Spotted fever rickettsiosis in Coronel Fabriciano, Minas Gerais State

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio Antônio Moreira Galvão ◽  
Simone Berger Calic ◽  
Chequer Buffe Chamone ◽  
Cláudio Lísias Mafra S. ◽  
Gracco Cesarino Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Brazilian Spotted Fever ◽  
Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia ◽  
Rickettsial Diseases

We report cases of spotted fever rickettsiosis in Coronel Fabriciano Municipality of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The cases occurred in May and June of 2000. During this period there were two deaths among children from an area named Pedreira in a periurban area of this municipality. In a boy who died with clinical manifestations of Brazilian spotted fever, a necropsy revealed the presence of a spotted fever group Rickettsia. The serological results confirm the difficulty in the differential diagnosis of patients with symptoms of rickettsial diseases.

Rickettsial Infections around the World, Part 1: Pathophysiology and the Spotted Fever Group

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Jashin J. Wu ◽  
David B. Huang ◽  
Katie R. Pang ◽  
Stephen K. Tyring
Keyword(s):  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Learning Activity ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Rickettsial Infections ◽  
Rickettsial Diseases

Background: The rickettsial diseases are an important group of infectious agents that have dermatological manifestations. These diseases are important to consider in endemic areas, but in certain suspicious cases, possible acts of bioterrorism should warrant prompt notification of the appropriate authorities. Objective: In this two part review article, we review these diverse diseases by examining established and up-to-date information about the pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment of the ricksettsiae. Methods: Using PubMed to search for relevant articles, we browsed over 500 articles to compose a clinically based review article. Results: Part one focuses on pathophysiology of the rickettsial diseases and the clinical aspects of the spotted fever group. Conclusions: At the completion of part one of this learning activity, participants should be able to discuss all of the clinical manifestations and treatments of the sported fever group. Participants should also be familiar with the pathophysiology of the rickettsial diseases.

Prevalence of Rickettsia slovaca in Dermacentor marginatus Ticks Removed from Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in Northeastern Spain

2006 ◽  
Vol 1078 (1) ◽  
pp. 324-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
A ORTUNO ◽  
M QUESADA ◽  
S LOPEZ ◽  
J MIRET ◽  
N CARDENOSA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Dermacentor Marginatus ◽  
Rickettsia Slovaca

scholarly journals Molecular Survey of Tick-Borne Pathogens Reveals Diversity and Novel Organisms With Veterinary and Public Health Significance in Wildlife From a National Nature Reserve of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jifei Yang ◽  
Xiaojun Wang ◽  
Jinming Wang ◽  
Zhijie Liu ◽  
Qingli Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Musk Deer ◽  
Anaplasma Ovis ◽  
National Nature Reserve ◽  
Health Significance ◽  
Free Ranging

Wildlife is involved in the maintenance and transmission of various tick-borne pathogens. The objective of the present study was to determine the occurrence and diversity of tick-borne pathogens in free-ranging wild animals collected from Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve of China. Blood or liver samples from 13 wild animals (5 takin, 3 Himalayan goral, 3 Reeves' muntjac, 1 forest musk deer, and 1 wild boar) were collected and screened for piroplasm, Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp., and spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae by PCR-based on different gene loci. Three Theileria species, a potential novel Theileria parasite (Theileria sp. T4) and two Anaplasma species were identified in those wildlife. Theileria capreoli was found in Himalayan goral, Reeves' muntjac, and forest musk deer; Theileria luwenshuni, Theileria uilenbergi, and a potential novel, Theileria parasite (Theileria sp. T4), were identified in takin. Meanwhile, Anaplasma bovis was identified in Himalayan goral, takin, Reeves' muntjac, forest musk deer, and wild boar; Anaplasma phagocytophilum and related strains was found in takin, Reeves' muntjac, and forest musk deer. All wildlife included in this study was negative for Babesia, Anaplasma ovis, Anaplasma marginale, Ehrlichia, and SFG rickettsiae. Moreover, coinfection involving Theileria spp. and Anaplasma spp. was observed in eight wild animals. This study provided the first evidence of tick-borne pathogens in free-ranging wild animals from the nature reserve, where contact between domestic and wild animals rarely occurs.

scholarly journals Taxonomic Relationships among Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae as Revealed by Antigenic Analysis with Monoclonal Antibodies

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 887-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenbin Xu ◽  
Didier Raoult
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Rickettsia Conorii ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Antigenic Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Relationships ◽  
Rickettsia Africae ◽  
Rickettsia Slovaca ◽  
Rickettsia Sibirica

The spotted fever group (SFG) is made up of more than 20 different rickettsial species and strains. Study of the taxonomic relationships among the group has been attempted by phenotypic, genotypic, and phylogenetic analyses. In this study, we determined taxonomic relationships among the SFG rickettsiae by comparative analysis of immunogenic epitopes reactive against a panel of monoclonal antibodies. A total of 98 monoclonal antibodies, which were directed against epitopes on the major immunodominant proteins or on the lipopolysaccharide-like antigens of strains of Rickettsia africae, Rickettsia conorii, Rickettsia massiliae, Rickettsia akari, Rickettsia sibirica, and Rickettsia slovaca, were used in the study. The distribution and expression of the epitopes among 29 SFG rickettsiae and Rickettsia bellii were assessed by determination of reaction titers in a microimmunofluorescence assay. The results were scored as numerical taxonomic data, and cluster analysis was used to construct a dendrogram. The architecture of this dendrogram was consistent with previous taxonomic studies, and the implications of this and other findings are discussed.

Tick-borne rickettsial diseases

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanouil Angelakis ◽  
Didier Raoult
Keyword(s):  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Rickettsia Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Vertebrate Hosts ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Rickettsial Diseases ◽  
Rickettsia Bellii

Bacteria of the genus Rickettsia belong to the family Rickettsiaceae in the order Rickettsiales and have for long been described simply as short, Gram-negative, strict intracellular rods that retain basic fuchsin when stained by the method of Gimenez (Raoult and Roux 1997). These bacteria are associated with ticks, lice, fleas or mites. To date the Rickettsia genus contains 24 recognized species classified into three groups based on their antigenic, morphological, and ecologic patterns: 1) the typhus group, 2) the spotted fever group and 3) Rickettsia bellii (Fournier and Raoult 2007). Most spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae are closely associated with ticks belonging to the family Ixodidae (also called “hard” ticks) (Parola et al. 2005). Ticks can act as vectors, reservoirs, and/or amplifiers of SFG rickettsiae and require optimal environmental conditions which determine the geographic distribution of the vectors and consequently the risk areas for rickettsioses. Many Rickettsia species are strictly associated with one genus of ticks and the transmittion to people is made through the tick bite, which generally implies that the Rickettsia can localize to their salivary glands. Therefore, since larvae, nymphs, and adults may all be infective for susceptible vertebrate hosts, the ticks must be regarded as the main reservoir host of rickettsiae. Humans are not considered as good reservoirs for Rickettsiae, as they are seldom infested with ticks for long periods and rickettsiaemia has normally short duration, especially with antibiotic intervention.

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