scholarly journals Multilocus Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis Occurring in Korean Native Calves

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Sang-Ik Oh ◽  
Suk-Han Jung ◽  
Han-Kyoung Lee ◽  
Changyong Choe ◽  
Tai-Young Hur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Protozoan Parasites ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Positive Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Sampling Season

Giardia duodenalis is one of the most widely occurring zoonotic protozoan parasites causing diarrheal disease in calves. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of G. duodenalis in Korean native calves and elucidate the causal factors associated with giardiasis in these animals. We investigated the sequences of three genes (ssu, bg, and gdh) of G. duodenalis in fecal samples collected from 792 Korean native calves during 2019–2020. Data were analyzed with regard to age, sex, sampling season, and the fecal sample type (based on its physical characteristics). The samples were screened for the three genes mentioned above, and 44 samples (5.6%) were G. duodenalis-positive. Polymerase chain reaction results showed a significantly higher prevalence of the infection in calves aged ≥1 month and in those with watery diarrhea in spring season. Screening for the gene sequences ssu (87.5%), bg (96.2%), and gdh (96.7%) revealed that most of the G. duodenalis-positive samples belonged to assemblage E. Four of the G. duodenalis-positive samples belonged to the zoonotic assemblage A. This study highlights the importance of continuous surveillance of genetic mutations in G. duodenalis for the detection of emerging variants of zoonotic G. duodenalis in calves.

Characterization of Giardia duodenalis by polymerase-chain-reaction fingerprinting

1998 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
pp. 707-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wieger L. Homan ◽  
Margriet Gilsing ◽  
Hafida Bentala ◽  
Louis Limper ◽  
Frans van Knapen
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals Factors Associated with HIV prevalence among HIV-exposed Infants with HIV DNA Polymerase Chain Reaction Tests in Malawi: 2013-2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wingston Ng'ambi ◽  
Janne Estill ◽  
Fatma Aziza Merzouki ◽  
Erol Orel ◽  
Tiwonge Chimpandule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Hiv Dna ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Trends ◽  
Dna Pcr ◽  
Test Result

Background: Despite the high availability of individual-level data of infants accessing HIV DNA polymerase chain reaction (DNA-PCR) testing service, there has been little in-depth analysis of such data. Therefore, we describe spatial and temporal trends in risk of HIV infection among Malawi HIV-exposed infants (HEI) with DNA-PCR HIV test result from 2013 to 2020. Methods: This is an implementation study using routinely collected patient-level HIV DNA-PCR test result data extracted from the national Laboratory Management Information System database managed by the Department of HIV/AIDS between 1 January 2013 and 30 June 2020. We calculated frequencies, proportions and odds ratios (OR) with their associated 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). We performed a random-effects logistic regression to determine the risk factors associated with HIV infection in infants, controlling for the spatial autocorrelation between districts and adjusting for other variables. Results: We evaluated 255,229 HEI across 750 facilities in 28 districts. The overall risk of HIV infection among all tested HEI between 2013 and 2020 was 7.2% (95%CI: 7.1-7.3). We observed a decreasing trend in the proportion of HEI that tested HIV positive from 7.0% (95%CI: 6.6-7.4) in 2013 to 5.7% (95%CI: 5.4-5.9) in 2015 followed by an increase to 9.9% (95%CI: 9.6-10.2) in 2017 and then a decreasing trend to 4.2% (95%CI: 3.7-4.6) in 2020. The risk of HIV infection increased by age of the HEI. There was spatial heterogeneity of HIV prevalence between districts of Malawi. Conclusion: We summarised spatial and temporal trends of risk of HIV infection amongst HEI in Malawi between 2013 and 2020. There is need for further strengthening of EID program to ensure that all the HEI are enrolled in care by eight weeks of age in order to further reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV.

Significance of Positive Polymerase Chain Reaction Results in HIV-Seronegative Individuals

Vox Sanguinis ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Soriano ◽  
I. Hewlett ◽  
M. Gutiérrez ◽  
A. Heredia ◽  
R. Bravo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Positive Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals Leishmania infantum infection in dogs from maroon communities in the Eastern Amazon

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréia Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Ágatha Rossanni Alves Damasceno ◽  
Welton Seabra Prado ◽  
Rossela Damasceno Caldeira ◽  
Francisco Dantas Sampaio-Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Risk Map ◽  
Intact Skin ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Collection Sites ◽  
Skin Samples

ABSTRACT: This study was designed to detect L. infantum infection in dogs and to evaluate the factors associated with canine visceral leishmaniasis in the maroon communities of Menino Jesus de Petimandeua and Itaboca in the municipality of Inhangapi, Pará, Brazil. Whole blood and intact skin samples were collected from 143 dogs, and a questionnaire was applied. L. infantum DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers RV1 and RV2. Collection sites were georeferenced to obtain a spatial distribution of the residences visited and infected dogs. L. infantum DNA was detected in 8.4% (12/143) of the skin samples and in 1.4% (2/143) of the blood samples. On the risk map, three clusters were observed in Itaboca and one was observed in Menino Jesus de Petimandeua. We observed that most of the inhabitants in these maroon communities live close to forested areas and do not use protection against insect vectors. The presence of canine reservoirs of L. infantum associated to environment characteristics (preserved forests and deforested areas) and habits of dog owners (living near forested areas and not using any protection against insects) may favor the transmission of L. infantum in the studied areas.

High occurrence of Cryptosporidium ubiquitum and Giardia duodenalis genotype E in sheep from Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Paz e Silva ◽  
Raimundo Lopes ◽  
Katia Bresciani ◽  
Alessandro Amarante ◽  
João Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Sheep Farm ◽  
Health Relevance ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Genotype E ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

AbstractIn this paper we report the occurrence of zoonotic species of Cryptosporidium (C. ubiquitum and C. parvum subtype IIaA15G2R1) and the host-specific Giardia duodenalis genotype E in a sheep farm from Brazil. Fecal specimens were collected from 100 animals and screened for the presence of G. duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequence analysis of selected samples was used to confirm the species and to characterize the isolates. Of 100 specimens, 34 were positive for Giardia (34%) and 25 were positive for Cryptosporidium (25%). The prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium was higher in lambs than in ewes. Co-infection was observed in 14% of animals. All G. duodenalis isolates belonged to genotype E. The genetic characterization performed in 22 Cryptosporidium-positive samples revealed the presence of zoonotic C. ubiquitum and C. parvum in 76% (19/25) and 12% (3/25) of infected animals, respectively. The presence of zoonotic Cryptosporidium subtypes in lambs was of epidemiological and public health relevance.

scholarly journals Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in a population from Veracruz (Southeastern Mexico)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose María Remes-Troche ◽  
Antonio Ramos-De-la-Medina ◽  
Marisol Manríquez-Reyes ◽  
Laura Martínez-Pérez Maldonado ◽  
María Antonieta Solis-Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Private Practice ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Positive Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Previous Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Asymptomatic Subjects ◽  
Abbott Architect

AbstractIntroduction/AimRecent studies have shown that seroprevalence is quite variable depending on the country, the population and the time of the pandemic in which the serological tests are performed. Here, we investigated the prevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in a population living in Veracruz City, México.MethodsFrom of June 1 to July 31, 2020, the consecutive adult patients (age ≥18 years) that attended 2 ambulatory diagnostic private practice centers for testing were included. Samples were run on the Abbott Architect instrument using the commercial Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay. The main outcome was seroprevalence. Demographics, previous infection to SARS-CoV-2 (according to a previous positive polymerase-chain reaction nasopharyngeal swab), self-suspicious of virus of infection (according to have in the previous 4 weeks either fever, headache, respiratory symptoms but not a confirmatory PCR) or no having symptoms were also evaluated.ResultsA total of 2174 subjects were tested, included 53.6% women (mean age 41.8±15.17 years, range 18-98 years). One thousand and forty-one (52.5%) subjects were asymptomatic, 722 (33.2%) had suspicious of infection and 311 (14.3%) had previous infection. Overall, 642 of 2174 (29.5% [95% CI 27.59%-31.47%]) of our population were seropositive. Seropositivity among groups was 21.3% in asymptomatic, 23.4% in self-suspicious patients and 73.9% in previous infection patients.ConclusionsWe found one of the highest seroprevalences reported for SARS-CoV-2 worldwide in asymptomatic subjects (21.3%) as well in subjects with self-suspicious of COVID-19 (23.4%). The number of infected subjects in our population is not encouraging and it should be interpreted with caution.

Monitoring of parasitic diseases in productive animals in the Samara region

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Limova ◽  
A. A. Glazunova ◽  
E. V. Korogodina ◽  
K. M. Sadov ◽  
P. V. Ilyasov
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Invasive Diseases ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Species Specific

The purpose of the research: to monitor the epizootic situation on parasitic diseases in productive animals in the Samara region using a database. materials and methods. Research was performed at the Department of invasive diseases of Samara Research Veterinary Station Samara RVS FSBSI. Fecal samples from productive animals were examined by Fuelleborn’s method using polymerase chain reaction to visualize species-specific DNA sequences, and an immune chromatographic method in detecting of antigens Dirofilaria immitis in serum, plasma and whole blood of dogs and oocysts Giardia duodenalis in dogs’ feces. The extensity of invasion was estimated with regard to the number of analyses of biomaterial from animals whose owners consulted veterinary physicians. For the monitoring, we used the database “Parasitic diseases in productive animals and small domestic animals in the Samara region” developed in Samara RVS in 2013 which enables to monitor the health status of the animal during its lifetime as well as epizootic situation on parasitic diseases in single localities, economies, districts and in Samara region in general. Results and discussion. Research results revealed that Strongylata had been registered in 17 districts at extensity of invasion from 5 to 70%, Strongyloides, Moniezia, Trichocephala - in 10 districts (EI 10-80%), Skrjabinema - in 7 districts ( EI 5-10%), Nematodirus - in 5 districts (EI 20-80%), Parascaris, Ascaris, Paramphistomum - in 3 districts (EI 5-40%), Fasciola, Coccidia, Dictyocaulus - in 2 districts (EI 5-15%). The biggest species diversity of helminths (7 species) were found in Bolsheglushitsky, Kinelsky and Borsky districts of the Samara region. The monitoring showed the decrease in worm species diversity in 2016 in all districts of Samara region compared to 2015. Parasitic protozoans, Eimeria, were found in all districts of the Samara region. A significant reduction of worm species diversity was associated with permanent planned treatment of productive animals with anthelmintics. The results obtained were used in a number of livestock farms of the Samara region to control the epizootic situation as well as for treatment and prevention of diseases in productive animals.

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