scholarly journals Sediment Grain-Size Characteristics and its Sources of Ten Wind-Water Coupled Erosion Tributaries (the Ten Kongduis) in the Upper Yellow River

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Yang ◽  
Changxing Shi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Alluvial Fans ◽  
Dune Sand ◽  
Natural Sediment ◽  
Sediment Grain Size ◽  
Sediment Erosion ◽  
Sediment Profiles ◽  
Upper Yellow River

Understanding the composition and sources of deposited sediments in watersheds has great significance on exploring the processes of sediment erosion and deposition, and controlling soil losses in rivers. In this paper, we investigate the grain-size composition parameters and their reflections on sediment erosion, transport and deposition processes in the Ten Kongduis, which are large arroyos carrying a large volume of coarse sediment into the upper Yellow River. The sediments delivered by the Ten Kongduis come from three kinds of sources, including the clasolite (mudstone, sandstone and conglomerate) and loess in the upstream reaches and the aeolian sand in the middle stream reaches. A portion of the sediments is carried to the Yellow River and another portion is deposited in the alluvial fans in the lower reaches of the kongduis. We found two types of deposits in the drilling cores on the alluvial fans and in the sediment profiles, i.e., the sediments deposited by hyperconcentrated flows and those by non-hyperconcentrated or ordinary sediment-laden flows. The deposits of hyperconcentrated flows were only found in some natural sediment profiles exposed on the riverbank slopes. They have a mean size in a narrow range of 0.016-0.063 mm but are very or extremely poorly sorted according to nine samples collected from four kongduis. Most of the sediments carried by the non-hyperconcentrated flows have a mean grain size in the range of 0.05–0.25 mm. We calculated the contributions of sediment from the sources using the grain-size fingerprint method based on grain-size data of the sediment sources and deposits in the alluvial fans for both the hyperconcentrated flows and non-hyperconcentrated flows. It was found that a proportion of 69% or above of sediment carried by the hyperconcentrated flows mainly comes from the clasolite and loess strata in the upper reaches, and 8%–31% from the desert in the middle reaches. The clasolite and loess strata contribute 64%, on average, of the particles above 0.05 mm carried by the hyperconcentrated flows, and the desert in the middle reaches contributes the other 36% or so. The sediments carried by non-hyperconcentrated flows down to the alluvial fans come from the clasolite, loess and dune sand in different proportions in different kongduis with the contributions of both clasolite and dune sand being related roughly to the ratio of upper drainage area to the width of desert in the middle reaches of kongduis. Over 90% of the sediments carried by the non-hyperconcentrated flows into the Yellow River are below 0.05 mm.

Sediment grain-size characteristics and its source implication in the Ningxia–Inner Mongolia sections on the upper reaches of the Yellow River

Geomorphology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baotian Pan ◽  
Hongli Pang ◽  
Di Zhang ◽  
Qingyu Guan ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Sediment Grain Size

scholarly journals Centennial Impacts of the East Asian Summer Monsoon on Holocene Deltaic Evolution of the Huanghe River, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2799
Author(s):  
Yanping Chen ◽  
Wenzhe Lyu ◽  
Tengfei Fu ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Liang Yi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Sediment Grain Size ◽  
Huanghe River ◽  
Huanghe River Delta ◽  
The Huanghe River

The Huanghe River (Yellow River) is the most sediment laden river system in the world, and many efforts have been conducted to understand modern deltaic evolution in response to anthropological impacts. However, the natural background and its linkage to climatic changes are less documented in previous studies. In this work, we studied the sediments of core YDZ–3 and marine surface samples by grain-size analysis to retrieve Holocene dynamics of the Huanghe River delta in detail. The main findings are as follows: The mean value of sediment grain size of the studied core is 5.5 ± 0.9 Φ, and silt and sand contents are 5.2 ± 2.3% and 8.2 ± 5.3%, respectively, while the variance of clay particles is relatively large with an average value of 86.4 ± 8.5%. All grain-size data can be mathematically partitioned by a Weibull-based function formula, and three subgroups were identified with modal sizes of 61.1 ± 28.9 μm, 30.0 ± 23.9 μm, and 2.8 ± 1.6 μm, respectively. There are eight intervals with abrupt changes in modal size of core YDZ–3, which can be correlated to paleo-superlobe migration of the Huanghe River in the Holocene. Based on these observations, the presence of seven superlobes in the history are confirmed for the first time and their ages are well constrained in this study, including Paleo-Superlobes Lijin (6400–5280 yr BP), Huanghua (4480–4190 yr BP), Jugezhuang (3880–3660 yr BP), Shajinzi (3070–2870 yr BP), Nigu (2780–2360 yr BP), Qikou (2140–2000 yr BP), and Kenli (1940–1780 and 1700–1650 yr BP). By tuning geomorphological events to a sedimentary proxy derived from core YDZ–3 and comparing to various paleoenvironmental changes, we proposed that winter climate dominated Holocene shifts of the Huanghe River delta on millennial timescales, while summer monsoons controlled deltaic evolution on centennial timescales.

Wave-Forced Sediment Erosion and Resuspension in the Yellow River Delta

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonggang Jia ◽  
Xiaolei Liu ◽  
Shaotong Zhang ◽  
Hongxian Shan ◽  
Jiewen Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Yellow River ◽  
Yellow River Delta ◽  
River Delta ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
The Yellow River Delta ◽  
Sediment Erosion

scholarly journals Heavy Mineral Variability in the Yellow River Sediments as Determined by the Multiple-Window Strategy

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingfu Jin ◽  
Mengyao Wang ◽  
Wei Yue ◽  
Lina Zhang ◽  
Yanjun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Heavy Mineral ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Yellow River Sediment ◽  
Yellow River Sediments ◽  
End Members

In this study, heavy mineral analysis was carried out in different size fractions of the Yellow River sediment to extract its end-members. It shows that heavy mineral contents, species, and compositions vary in different grain sizes. Distribution curve of heavy mineral concentration (HMC) and particle size frequency curve are in normal distribution. In most samples, the size fraction of 4.5–5.0 Φ contains the maximum HMC (18% on average). Heavy mineral assemblages of the Yellow River are featured by amphibole + epidote + limonite + garnet. Amphibole content is high in coarse fraction of >3.0 Φ and reaches its peak value in 3.5–4.5 Φ. Epidote is rich in a size fraction of >3.5 Φ, and increase as the particle size becomes fine. Micas content is high in coarse subsamples of <3.0 Φ, but almost absent in fine grains of >4.0 Φ. Metallic minerals (magnetite, ilmenite, hematite, and limonite) increase as the sediment particle size become fine, and reach the peak in silt (>4.0 Φ). Other minerals such as zircon, rutile, tourmaline, garnet, and apatite account for about 15%, and mainly concentrate in fine sediment. Further analysis reveals that similarity value between the most abundant grain size group and wide window grain size group is high (0.978 on average). The grain size of 4.0–5.0 Φ ± 0.5 Φ is suitable to carry out detrital mineral analysis in the Yellow River sediments. Our study helps to eliminate cognitive bias due to narrow grain size strategy, and to provide heavy mineral end-members of the Yellow River sediment for provenance discrimination in the marginal seas of East China.

scholarly journals Universal relation with regime transition for sediment transport in fine-grained rivers

2019 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongbo Ma ◽  
Jeffrey A. Nittrouer ◽  
Baosheng Wu ◽  
Michael P. Lamb ◽  
Yuanfeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Sediment Flux ◽  
Universal Relation ◽  
Sediment Grain Size ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Predictive Algorithm ◽  
Sediment Size

Fine-grained sediment (grain size under 2,000 μm) builds floodplains and deltas, and shapes the coastlines where much of humanity lives. However, a universal, physically based predictor of sediment flux for fine-grained rivers remains to be developed. Herein, a comprehensive sediment load database for fine-grained channels, ranging from small experimental flumes to megarivers, is used to find a predictive algorithm. Two distinct transport regimes emerge, separated by a discontinuous transition for median bed grain size within the very fine sand range (81 to 154 μm), whereby sediment flux decreases by up to 100-fold for coarser sand-bedded rivers compared to river with silt and very fine sand beds. Evidence suggests that the discontinuous change in sediment load originates from a transition of transport mode between mixed suspended bed load transport and suspension-dominated transport. Events that alter bed sediment size near the transition may significantly affect fluviocoastal morphology by drastically changing sediment flux, as shown by data from the Yellow River, China, which, over time, transitioned back and forth 3 times between states of high and low transport efficiency in response to anthropic activities.

The Sedimentary Environment of Current Estuary and Abandoned Estuary at the Modern Yellow River Delta

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 914-919
Author(s):  
Xiao Ying Chen ◽  
Dai Hai Liu ◽  
Jing Lu
Keyword(s):  
Yellow River ◽  
Sedimentary Environment ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Yellow River Delta ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
Hydrodynamic Condition ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Sediment Grain Size ◽  
The Yellow River Delta

Based upon statistics of sediment parameters and sediment moving modes from probability cumulative distribution curves, and combined with topography and hydrodynamics, the sedimentary environment at the intertidal flats of Qing 8 estuary (1996-now) and Diaokou estuary (1964-1976) at the Yellow River Delta was discussed in depth in present study. The results demonstrated that sediment grain size parameters can clearly reveal hydrodynamic condition of the sedimentary environment. Core C1 at current estuary was divided into four layers. The corresponding hydrodynamic conditions from top to bottom varied from strong to fluctuating between strong and weak, and finally to weak. Meanwhile, Core A1 at abandoned estuary can be divided into three layers and corresponding hydrodynamics from top to bottom changed from fairly strong to rather strong. Furthermore, the sedimentary facies of two cores were identified and they depended on water and sediment discharge from the Yellow River.

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