scholarly journals Valuing Coastal Habitat–Fishery Linkages under Regulated Open Access

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward B. Barbier
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Coastal Wetland ◽  
Nursery Habitat ◽  
Welfare Effects ◽  
Coastal Habitat ◽  
Nursery Grounds ◽  
Welfare Losses ◽  
Regulatory Rule ◽  
Fixed Proportion ◽  
Near Shore

This paper explores how regulation of an open access fishery influences the value of a coastal habitat that serves as breeding and nursery grounds. A model of the fishery supported by a coastal wetland is developed, which includes a quota rule that restricts harvest to a fixed proportion of the current stock. The model is applied to mangrove-dependent shellfish and demersal fisheries in Thailand. The value of the welfare effects associated with a change in a supporting coastal habitat is influenced significantly by whether or not the regulatory quota can adjust in response to these changes. Welfare losses are considerably higher when the quota is fixed as opposed to when it can be adjusted. With the restriction in place, effort cannot change to offset the decline in biomass, and as a result, there is a much larger fall in harvest. In addition, the welfare losses are much larger for the shellfish compared to the demersal fisheries. The analysis illustrates that imposing a regulatory rule on an open access fishery has important implications for valuing any linkage between coastal breeding and nursery habitat and a near-shore fishery.

scholarly journals Mapping Coastal Wetlands of the Bohai Rim at a Spatial Resolution of 10 m Using Multiple Open-Access Satellite Data and Terrain Indices

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4114
Author(s):  
Shaobo Sun ◽  
Yonggen Zhang ◽  
Zhaoliang Song ◽  
Baozhang Chen ◽  
Yangjian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Coastal Wetlands ◽  
Coastal Wetland ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Bohai Rim ◽  
Terrain Indices

Coastal wetlands provide essential ecosystem services and are closely related to human welfare. However, they can experience substantial degradation, especially in regions in which there is intense human activity. To control these increasingly severe problems and to develop corresponding management policies in coastal wetlands, it is critical to accurately map coastal wetlands. Although remote sensing is the most efficient way to monitor coastal wetlands at a regional scale, it traditionally involves a large amount of work, high cost, and low spatial resolution when mapping coastal wetlands at a large scale. In this study, we developed a workflow for rapidly mapping coastal wetlands at a 10 m spatial resolution, based on the recently emergent Google Earth Engine platform, using a machine learning algorithm, open-access Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and optical images from the Sentinel satellites, and two terrain indices. We then generated a coastal wetland map of the Bohai Rim (BRCW10) based on the workflow. It has a producer accuracy of 82.7%, according to validation using 150 wetland samples. The BRCW10 data reflected finer information when compared to wetland maps derived from two sets of global high-spatial-resolution land cover data, due to the fusion of multiple data sources. The study highlights the benefits of simultaneously merging SAR and optical remote sensing images when mapping coastal wetlands.

scholarly journals The Welfare Effects of Restricting Off-Highway Vehicle Access to Public Lands

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Jakus ◽  
John E. Keith ◽  
Lu Liu ◽  
Dale Blahna
Keyword(s):  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Public Lands ◽  
Welfare Effects ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Random Utility ◽  
Utility Model ◽  
Outdoor Activity ◽  
Land Access ◽  
Welfare Losses ◽  
Management Plans

Off-highway vehicle (OHV) use is a rapidly growing outdoor activity that results in a host of environmental and management problems. Federal agencies have been directed to develop travel management plans to improve recreation experiences, reduce social conflicts, and diminish environmental impacts of OHVs. We examine the effect of land access restrictions on the welfare of OHV enthusiasts in Utah using Murdock's unobserved heterogeneity random utility model (Murdock 2006). Our models indicate that changing access to public lands from fully “open” to “limited” results in relatively small welfare losses, but that prohibiting access results in much larger welfare losses.

scholarly journals FISCAL AUSTERITY MEASURES: SPENDING CUTS VS. TAX INCREASES

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 501-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Glomm ◽  
Juergen Jung ◽  
Chung Tran
Keyword(s):  
Open Economy ◽  
Risk Premium ◽  
Small Open Economy ◽  
Welfare Effects ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Welfare Losses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Fiscal Austerity

We formulate an overlapping-generations model with household heterogeneity and productive and nonproductive government programs to study the macroeconomic and intergenerational welfare effects of risk premium shocks and government debt reductions. We demonstrate that in a small open economy with a high level of debt, a small increase in the risk premium of the interest rate leads to a substantial contraction in output and negative welfare effects. We then quantify the effects of reducing the debt-to-gross-domestic-product ratio using a wide range of fiscal austerity measures. Our results indicate trade-offs between short-run contractions and long-run expansions in aggregate output. In the short run, spending-based austerity reforms are worse than tax-based reforms in terms of lost income. However, in the long run, spending-based reforms produce higher output than tax-based reforms. In addition, welfare effects vary significantly across generations, skill groups, and working sectors. The current old and middle-aged generations experience welfare losses, whereas future generations are beneficiaries of the reforms.

scholarly journals The long-term impact of trade with firm heterogeneity

2020 ◽  
Vol 156 (4) ◽  
pp. 887-919
Author(s):  
Guzmán Ourens
Keyword(s):  
Firm Heterogeneity ◽  
Welfare Effects ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Average Efficiency ◽  
Welfare Losses ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Firm Selection ◽  
Future Growth

Abstract This paper explores the welfare effects of openness in a setting with firm heterogeneity and country asymmetry and presents results in terms of the well-known formula from Arkolakis et al. (Am Econ Rev 102(1):94–130, 2012). By allowing agents to save and the economy to grow, new channels for the welfare effects of openness appear, since firm selection affects the value of accumulated savings and the average efficiency of the economy, and therefore its future growth rate. Country asymmetry yields differentiated, and in some cases opposite, results between countries. In line with the empirical literature, net welfare effects in each region depend on countries’ specific conditions and losses may occur. A numerical exercise fits the model to the UK and EU economies to show the magnitude and direction that each effect can take if trade barriers increase between them. It is shown that welfare losses for UK consumers can be greatly underestimated if asymmetries and dynamics are removed from the analysis.

scholarly journals Estimating the Effects of Global Patent Protection in Pharmaceuticals: A Case Study of Quinolones in India

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 1477-1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubham Chaudhuri ◽  
Pinelopi K Goldberg ◽  
Panle Jia
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Patent Protection ◽  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
Welfare Effects ◽  
Welfare Losses ◽  
The World ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Domestic Products

Under the Agreement on Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights, the World Trade Organization members are required to enforce product patents for pharmaceuticals. In this paper we empirically investigate the welfare effects of this requirement on developing countries using data for the fluoroquinolones subsegment of the systemic anti-bacterials segment of the Indian pharmaceuticals market. Our results suggest that concerns about the potential adverse welfare effects of TRIPS may have some basis. We estimate that the withdrawal of all domestic products in this subsegment is associated with substantial welfare losses to the Indian economy, even in the presence of price regulation. The overwhelming portion of this welfare loss derives from the loss of consumer welfare.

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