scholarly journals Possible Hydrochemical Processes Influencing Dissolved Solids in Surface Water and Groundwater of the Kaidu River Basin, Northwest China

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 467
Author(s):  
Dalong Li ◽  
Haiyan Chen ◽  
Shaofeng Jia ◽  
Aifeng Lv
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Hydrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Hydrochemical Processes ◽  
Type Water ◽  
Kaidu River ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

Hydrochemical processes under intense human activities were explored on the basis of the hydrochemical characteristics of 109 surface water samples and 129 groundwater samples collected during August 2015 to September 2016, in the Kaidu River Basin. Results obtained in this study indicated that the water in the basin was neutral to slightly alkaline with low total dissolved solids. Rock weathering and evaporation controlled the natural hydrochemical mechanisms. Mountain groundwater and stream water were dominated by Ca2+-HCO3− type water, whereas the plains groundwater was dominated by mixed type water. The results of principal component analysis demonstrated that water-rock interaction and human activity explained 71.6% and 12.9% of surface water hydrochemical variations, respectively, and 75.1% and 14.2% of groundwater hydrochemical variations, respectively. Sulfate, chloride, and carbonate weathering were the major water-rock interaction processes. Livestock farming and agricultural activities were the primary human activities influencing the water hydrochemistry. In addition, cation exchange is another important process influencing the hydrochemical characteristics in the study area. This study would be helpful in forecasting of water quality in arid areas.

scholarly journals The hydrochemical characteristics and quality assessment of groundwater in Shuangliao City, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 01034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingjun Liu ◽  
Changlai Xiao ◽  
Xiujuan Liang
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Hydrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Liaohe River ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Type Water

In this study, a hydrochemical investigation was conducted in Shuangliao city to identify the hydrochemical characteristics and the quality of groundwater using descriptive statistics and correlation matrices. And on that basis, combined with Analytic hierarchy process (AHP), an improved two-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the groundwater quality. The results indicate that the major cations and anions in groundwater are Ca2+ and HCO3-, respectively. The chemical types are mainly HCO3—Ca type water, some areas are complicated due to the influence of human activities. The evaluation results show that the water quality in the area is mostly III type water, and the groundwater quality in some areas is IV or V water due to the influence of primary geological conditions or human activities. The groundwater quality in the East Liaohe River Valley and Shuangliao urban area is relatively poor, and in the northwest part which is the saline alkali soil area is also relatively poor.

scholarly journals Impact of Climate Variabilities and Human Activities on Surface Water Extents in Reservoirs of Yongding River Basin, China, from 1985 to 2016 Based on Landsat Observations and Time Series Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingli Wang ◽  
Longjiang Du ◽  
Yinghai Ke ◽  
Maoyi Huang ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Change Point ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Change Period ◽  
Statistical Time ◽  
Yongding River

Yongding River is the largest river flowing through Beijing, the capital city of China. In recent years, Yongding River Basin (YDRB) has witnessed increasing human impacts on water resources, posing serious challenges in hydrological and ecological health. In this study, remote sensing techniques and statistical time series approaches for hydrological studies were combined to characterize the dynamics and driving factors of reservoir water extents in YDRB during 1985–2016. First, 107 Landsat 4, 5, 7 and 8 images were used to extract surface water extents in YDRB during 1985–2016 using a combination of water indices and Otsu threshold algorithm. Significant positive correlation was found between water extents and the annual inflow for the two biggest reservoirs, the downstream Guanting and upstream Cetian reservoirs, proving their representativeness of surface water availability in this basin. Then, statistical time series approaches including trend-free pre-whitening Mann-Kendall trend test, Pettit change-point test and double mass curve method, which are frequently used in hydrological studies, were adopted to quantify the trend of reservoir water extents dynamics and the relative contributions of climate variability and human activities. Results showed that the water extents in both reservoirs exhibited significant downward trend with change point occurring in 2001 and 2005 for Guanting and Cetian, respectively. About 74%~75% of the shrinkage during the post-change period can be attributed to human activities, among which GDP, population, electricity power production, raw coal production, steel and crude iron production, value of agriculture output, and urban area were the major human drivers. Hydrological connectivity between the upstream Cetian and downstream Guanting reservoirs declined during the post-change period. Since 2012, water extents in both reservoirs recovered as a result of various governmental water management policies including the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. The methodology presented in this study can be used for analyzing the dynamics and driving mechanism of surface water resources, especially for un-gauged or poorly-gauged watersheds.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical Characteristics and Temporal Variations of Geothermal Water Quality in Tangtou, Shandong, China

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongjun Gao ◽  
Jiutan Liu ◽  
Fuquan Li ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Jianguo Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Geothermal Water ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Hydrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Geological Conditions

Geothermal water resources are a kind of clean energy, which is a renewable resource to a certain extent and has a high value of development and utilization. To understand the hydrochemical characteristics, origins, and temporal variations of geothermal water quality in Tangtou, 13 geothermal water samples from 2007 to 2019 and geothermal geological conditions were collected. Cl− and Na+ are the major ions, which make the geothermal water belong Cl-Na type. The total dissolved solids values of geothermal waters were 1560–2512 mg/L and pH were in the range of 6.7–8.8. The development of faulted structures provides conditions for the formation of geothermal water. In addition, geothermal water is recharged by shallow underground cold water. Water-rock interaction, as well as mixing processes, in the process of long runoff path and the slower deep-water cycle is the main factor controlling the chemical composition of geothermal water. Calculated saturation index values indicated that the geothermal water was saturated with respect to silicate and carbonate minerals. Cation and silica chemical geothermometers indicated that reservoir temperatures ranged from 94.63 to 196.10 °C and from 69.13 to 123.75 °C, respectively. Based on the grey relational analysis, the main physicochemical components of geothermal water are obviously correlated with the geothermal water exploitation and precipitation. Overall, affected by exploitation and precipitation, main physicochemical components (such as the total dissolved solids, total hardness, temperature, Na+, Ca2+, Cl−, K+, and Mg2+) showed a certain stage.

Study On Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Deeply Buried Mining Area In Inner Mongolia - Shaanxi Province, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
Qiang Ma ◽  
Xuesong Ding ◽  
Ang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Environmental Isotopes ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Hydrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Type Water ◽  
Fluorescence Peak

Abstract In order to distinguish the differences of hydrogeochemical characteristics between coal measures strata and aquifers on the roof of deep buried mining areas in Inner Mongolia-Shaanxi, China, this paper adopted inorganic components, environmental isotopes and organic components to study water quality comprehensively. The results show that the deep buried mining area in Inner Mongolia-Shaanxi belongs to Mu Us Desert, and the surface is covered by aeolian sand, so it has excellent precipitation infiltration capacity. Mineralization of surface water and Quaternary water < 500mg/L, the cation is mainly Ca2+, the anion is mainly HCO3−, which belongs to HCO3-Ca·Mg type water. The Cretaceous Zhidan Group is in unconformable contact with the Quaternary, and constitutes a unified water-bearing complex on the whole, which makes Zhidan Group have a better supply water source, and its inorganic water quality characteristics are close to the Quaternary water; The deep aquifer is affected by the Anding formation relative impermeable layer and its recharge runoff condition is weak. The salinity of Jurassic water is generally > 3500mg/L due to long-term water-rock action. The cation is dominated by Na+ and the anion is dominated by SO42−, which belongs to SO4-Na type water. According to the analysis of hydrochemical characteristics, there is no direct hydraulic connection between Luohe Formation and Zhiluo Formation. The characteristics of environmental isotopes show that the rainwater, surface water and Quaternary water in the study area belong to the modern groundwater, while Zhidan Group water is between the modern groundwater and the ancient water. The values of δD and δ18O in the deep Straight Rom Group and Yan’an Group are low, and the groundwater falls below the rainwater line of Ordos Basin with a deep circulation depth. Before mining, the groundwater is in the stagnant state with good closed conditions. The content of dissolved organic matter (TOC and UV254) in groundwater decreases gradually with the increase of aquifer depth; Fluorescence peaks in Area I and Area III mainly appeared in surface water and Quaternary water, and DOM sources in surface water were more abundant; The fluorescence peak in Area I also appears in the water of Zhidan Group, Straight Rom Group and Yan’an Group, and the fluorescence peak between Area I and Area II is a symbol; The fluorescence peak intensity of Cretaceous → Straight Rom Group in Area V area has an increasing trend, indicating that there are humus like DOM from other sources in the deep Straight Rom Group aquifer. In general, the comprehensive analysis of hydrochemical characteristics by various means can well distinguish the differences of hydrogeochemical characteristics among aquifers, which provides a scientific basis for the rapid and accurate discrimination of water situation and disaster in coal mines and the safe production.

scholarly journals Isotopic composition and elemental concentrations in groundwater in the Kuiseb Basin and the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin, Namibia

2018 ◽  
Vol 378 ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Nnenesi A. Kgabi ◽  
Eliot Atekwana ◽  
Johanna Ithindi ◽  
Martha Uugwanga ◽  
Kay Knoeller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Environmental Tracers ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Water Line ◽  
Meteoric Water Line ◽  
Groundwater Aquifer ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

Abstract. We assessed environmental tracers in groundwater in two contrasting basins in Namibia; the Kuiseb Basin, which is a predominantly dry area and the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin, which is prone to alternating floods and droughts. We aimed to determine why the quality of groundwater was different in these two basins which occur in an arid environment. We analysed groundwater and surface water for the stable isotope ratios of hydrogen (δ2H) and oxygen (δ18O) by cavity ring-down spectroscopy and metals by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The δ2H and δ18O of surface water in the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin plot on an evaporation trend below the global meteoric water line (GMWL) and the local meteoric water line (LMWL). The δ2H and δ18O of some groundwater samples in the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin also plot on the evaporation trend, indicating recharge by evaporated rain or evaporated surface water. In contrast, the δ2H and δ18O of groundwater samples in the Kuiseb Basin plot mostly along the GMWL and the LMWL, indicating direct recharge from unevaporated rain or unevaporated surface water. Fifty percent of groundwater samples in the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin was potable (salinity < 1 ppt) compared to 79 % in the Kuiseb Basin. The high salinity in the groundwater of the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin does not appear to be caused by evaporation of water (evapo-concentration) on surface prior to groundwater recharge, but rather by the weathering of the Kalahari sediments. The low salinity in the Kuiseb Basin derives from rapid recharge of groundwater by unevaporated rain and limited weathering of the crystalline rocks. The order of abundance of cations in the Kuiseb Basin is Na > K > Ca > Mg vs. Na > Mg > Ca > K for the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin. For metals in the Kuiseb Basin the order of abundance is Fe > Al > V > As > Zn vs. Al > Fe > V> As > Zn for the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin. The relative abundance of cations and metals are attributed to the differences in geology of the basins and the extent of water-rock interaction. Our results show that the quality of groundwater in Cuvelai-Etosha Basin and Kuiseb Basin which vary in the extent of aridity, is controlled by the extent of water-rock interaction at the surface and in the groundwater aquifer.

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