scholarly journals Urban Nutrient Emissions in Denmark in the Year 1900

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 789
Author(s):  
Sarah Brudler ◽  
Karsten Arnbjerg-Nielsen ◽  
Emma Barnhøj Jeppesen ◽  
Camilla Bitsch ◽  
Mikkel Thelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Natural Circulation ◽  
Reference Conditions ◽  
Water Regulation ◽  
Industrial Emission ◽  
Nutrient Emissions ◽  
Current Point

Pre-industrial emission levels can serve as a basis to set emission requirements in current conditions to approximate natural circulation of resources and protect the environment. In Denmark, the year 1900 has been set as a reference for water regulation purposes. Reliable measurements from this time are not available. To define reference conditions, we estimate point source emissions of nutrients from Danish towns in 1900 based on historic documentation and current quantitative data. The flow of nutrients emitted by humans and animals and in industrial wastewater is quantified based on the assessment of typical discharge routes in a set of model towns. We find that point source emissions were significant, with 4261 t nitrogen and 764 t phosphorous emitted from towns in 1900. The main source were human excrements (61%), followed by excrements of animals held in towns (32%) and industry (6%). Further, 59% of nutrients were discharged directly to water, 22% were used as fertilizer on agricultural soil and 19% were emitted to soil via landfills and spills. Current point source emissions of nutrients to water (6600 t N/year and 900 t P/year) are significantly higher, revealing a need for radical reductions if historic emission levels should not be exceeded in the future.

Modeling water and nutrients fluxes in the Büyük Menderes drainage basin, Turkey

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ö. F. Durdu ◽  
V. Cvetkovic
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Modeling Process ◽  
Nutrient Emissions ◽  
Catchment Modeling ◽  
River Loads

Büyük Menderes catchment, located in the southwestern part of Turkey, is one of the most populated river basins in Turkey with 2.5 millions inhabitants. Due to increasing activities in agriculture and industrial sectors, water resources management in the basin is one of the biggest matters for the future. During the past decade, it has been observed a basinwide shift to larger monocultural, intensively operated farm units. Therefore, there is land use conversion from native lands to agriculture. The threat of nutrients pollution, nitrogen and phosphorus, has become a preoccupation since many lands and rivers undergo a eutrophication process. The discharge of nutrients from Büyük Menderes basin to the Aegean Sea through Büyük Menderes river also needs to be reduced in order to bring the eutrophication problems under lasting control. In this paper, the PolFlow model embedded in PCraster is applied to the catchment for quantifying water and substances fluxes for the five-year period, 1999–2004. The implementation of the model in the catchment allows describing the water balance and thus nutrient transport on the landscape surface but also through the soil and aquifer's layers. Modeling process is complicated by the transfer of nutrients from diffuse and point-source emissions, managed by retention and periodic release from storages within the catchment. Modeling diffuse and point-source nutrient emissions contribution to river loads can be improved by better knowledge about spatial and temporal distribution of this retention and release in the basin.

Water quality management in the Kaoping River watershed, Taiwan

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-M. Kao ◽  
K.-F. Chen ◽  
Y.-L. Liao ◽  
C.-W. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Point Source ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Livestock Wastewater ◽  
The Government

The Kaoping River basin is the largest and the most intensively used river basin in Taiwan. It is 171 km long and drains a catchment of more than 3,250 km2. Based on the current water quality analysis, the Kaoping River is heavily polluted. Concern about the deteriorating condition of the river led the Government of Taiwan to amend the relevant legislation and strengthen the enforcement of the discharge regulations to effectively manage the river and control the pollution. Investigation results demonstrate that both point and non-point source pollutants are now the causes of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), nutrients, and pathogens in the river. The main water pollution sources are livestock wastewater from hog farms, municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater, non-point source (NPS) pollutants from agricultural areas, and leachate from riverbank landfills. The current daily BOD, NH3-N, and TP loadings to Kaoping River are 74,700, 39,400, and 5,100 kg, respectively. However, the calculated BOD, NH3-N, and TP carrying capacities are 27,700, 4,200, and 600 kg per day. To protect public health and improve the river water quality, a comprehensive management and construction strategy is proposed. The proposed strategy includes the following measures to meet the calculated river carrying capacity: (1) a hog ban in the entire Kaoping River basin, (2) sewer system construction to achieve 30% of connection in the basin within 10 years, (3) removal of 10 riverbank landfills, and (4) enforcement of the industrial wastewater discharge standards. After the implementation of the proposed measures, the water quality should be significantly improved and the BOD and nutrient loadings can be reduced to below the calculated carrying capacities.

Influence of Power Supply Current in Electrical Landfill Leakage Detection Method

2010 ◽  
Vol 29-32 ◽  
pp. 2686-2691
Author(s):  
Shao Peng Guan ◽  
Yu Ling Wang ◽  
Chang Xin Nai ◽  
Jing Cai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Electrical Method ◽  
Current Point ◽  
Supply Current ◽  
Geomembrane Liners ◽  
Set Up ◽  
A Current

The electrical method is effective on detecting and locating leaks in geomembrane liners for landfills. If a leak exists in the liner, an anomaly in the measured potential is generated in the immediate vicinity of the leak through which electrical current is flowing. But the power supply current above the liner can affect the potential distribution. A current point source model for power supply current was set up in this paper. The potential equation induced by the point source was derived. The analysis of potential expression shows that: 1) the potential generated by the power supply current is proportional to the current size and the medium resistivity; 2) as the medium thickness increases, the potential reduces; 3) to reduce the influence of power supply current, the power supply electrode should be away from the detection area as far as possible.

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