scholarly journals WASTE WATER DISCHARGE AND WATER POLLUTION IN THE VOLGA RIVER BASIN (1990–2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 138-143
Author(s):  
A.P. Demin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Treatment Regimes ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Low Efficiency

The main characteristics of the socio-economic development of the basin of the river Volga are given. It is shown that the withdrawal of water resources in the basin decreased from 37.0 km3 in 1990 to 16.3 km3 in 2018 as a result of the transformation of socio-economic conditions in Russia. The area of actually irrigated irrigated lands decreased during this period from 1530 thousand ha to 565 thousand ha. Sharply reduced water consumption in housing and communal services. As a result, the volume of wastewater discharge has decreased over the 28 years from 22.3 to 10.9 km3 . Most of the contaminated wastewater is discharged into water inlets without treatment or not sufficiently treated. Prior to standards, only every tenth cubic meter of contaminated water is cleaned in the Volga basin. The low efficiency of treatment facilities is associated with outdated technological equipment and traditional treatment schemes, as well as violations of wastewater treatment regimes. The amount of the main pollutants discharged into wastewater decreased by 3–15 times. This indicates that despite all the shortcomings in the operation of treatment facilities, a significant effect has been achieved from the implementation of water protection measures. In some river basins, some ingredients have improved water quality. However, in most river basins, the state of water quality remains unsatisfactory and still does not meet regulatory requirements. This effect is caused by the action of a number of uncontrolled (dispersed) pollution sources, as well as sources of secondary (accumulated) pollution. According to many estimates, it is non-point sources of pollution that make the main contribution to the pollution of water bodies.

Systems approach to effective water quality management in the Republic of South Africa, existing situation and expected future developments

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
P. Marjanovic ◽  
M. Miloradov ◽  
F. van Zyl
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Management Functions

The new National water policy will change the way water quality is managed in South Africa. The paper considers the water policy and the repercussions it will have for water quality management in South Africa and proposes a system that can be used to come up with optimum solutions for water quality management. The proposed solution integrates policy and institutional arrangements with the Cadastral system for point and non point sources of pollution and optimisation tools to ensure optimal management of water quality at any given time. The water quality management functions catered for by the proposed system are: resource allocation for pollution discharge, water quality protection, water quality monitoring, planning, development and operation.

scholarly journals A New Approach to Use Load Duration Curves to Evaluate Water Quality: A Study in the Doce River Basin, Brazil

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ligia de Oliveira Serrano ◽  
Alisson Carraro Borges ◽  
Fernando Falco Pruski ◽  
Marília Carvalho de Melo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Load Reduction ◽  
Load Duration ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
And Control ◽  
Water Quality And Quantity ◽  
Environmental Agencies

Although water availability depends both on qualitative and quantitative aspects, most studies focus only on one of these. Therefore, the goal here is to relate water quality and quantity with the construction of Load Duration Curves (LDC) and to estimate E. coli load patterns in different flow conditions, seasons, and positions of two sub-basins of the Doce watershed (Brazil): Piracicaba and Piranga. A novel methodology is proposed in which the Burr XII distribution is adjusted to the LDC to compare all observed loads to their respective Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL), allowing the estimation of the relative difference (RD) between these. Higher values of RD were observed for low flows for the Piracicaba basin, more urbanized, where point sources of pollution are the primary concern, reaching up to 99% of needed load reduction. In the Piranga basin, more agricultural, there was a broader RD variation, from 9% to 97% load reduction needed, which is an evidence of point sources of pollution combined with non-point sources. The new methodology can be used to estimate the load reduction of any pollutant and can be used by environmental agencies to identify effective practices to minimize and control pollution in different locations of the basins.

scholarly journals Sediment transport and water quality in Máchovo Lake (Czech Republic)

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Tomas Dostal ◽  
Josef Krasa ◽  
Karel Vrana ◽  
Martin Dockal ◽  
Petr Koudelka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Sediment Loads ◽  
Set Up

Sediment transport and water quality in Máchovo Lake (Czech Republic) Máchovo Lake is a historical reservoir founded by Czech King Charles IV. in 14th century. Located in northern part of central Bohemia it has been widely used for recreation purposes for many decades (or even centuries). Its catchments (ca 100 sq km) consist of intensively used agricultural land (ca 25% of area) and of large forested area under nature protection. Several other lakes (ponds) are chained on the two reservoir's inlets. Irrespective of its great recreation potential Máchovo Lake is one of the Bohemian lakes known for its problems with eutrophication and water quality. The project was set up to point out sources of nutrients and to search for proper solutions. Sediment loads in every lake within the catchments were measured and sampled in order to quantify the nutrients and other pollution. Point and non point sources of phosphorus and other nutrients were searched. Sediment transport within catchments was modelled using WaTEM/SEDEM model. Interestingly, the water quality in the particular ponds varies significantly even though each one of several hundred years old ponds is heavily silted. Soil erosion protection measures within catchments were proposed altogether with flood protection measures in the stream valleys and waste water treatment facilities in surrounding villages. Setting up water quality sampling devices in selected stream profiles was tested and designed. The continual proper management should lead to water quality improvement.

A study on pollutant loads from the forest and rice paddy fields

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osami Kawara ◽  
Katsuya Hirayma ◽  
Takao Kunimatsu
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Lake Biwa ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Pollutant Loads ◽  
Rice Paddy Fields ◽  
Load Generation

The eutrophication of Lake Biwa, which is the largest lake in Japan and one of the most important fresh water resources, has been warned since 1960s. In order to improve the water quality of the lake, it is inevitable to reduce the pollutant loads from the river basins. The Hino river and the Soma river basins are considered in the present study and models which predict the influence of pollutant load generation on the discharged pollutant loads through the rivers. These basins mainly consist of forests and rice paddy fields. The identified models reproduce the observed water quality relatively well. Evaluation of loads from point-sources and non-point sources indicates that the loads from non-point sources occupy the most of pollutant loads from the basins. Especially, the loads from rice paddy fields occupy most of the pollutant loads from the basisn. Therefore, controlling non-point source pollutant loads in the Hino and Soma river basins is an important step in checking the eutrophication of Lake Biwa.

Estimation of diffuse and point source microbial pollution in the Ribble catchment discharging to bathing waters in the north west of England

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Wither ◽  
J. Greaves ◽  
I. Dunhill ◽  
M. Wyer ◽  
C. Stapleton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
North West ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The North ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Bathing Waters

Achieving compliance with the mandatory standards of the 1976 Bathing Water Directive (76/160/EEC) is required at all UK identified bathing waters. In recent years, the Fylde coast has been an area of significant investments in ‘point source’ control, which have not proven, in isolation, to satisfactorily achieve compliance with the mandatory, let alone the guide, levels of water quality in the Directive. The potential impact of riverine sources of pollution was first confirmed after a study in 1997. The completion of sewerage system enhancements offered the potential for the study of faecal indicator delivery from upstream sources comprising both point sources and diffuse agricultural sources. A research project to define these elements commenced in 2001. Initially, a desk study reported here, estimated the principal infrastructure contributions within the Ribble catchment. A second phase of this investigation has involved acquisition of empirical water quality and hydrological data from the catchment during the 2002 bathing season. These data have been used further to calibrate the ‘budgets’ and ‘delivery’ modelling and these data are still being analysed. This paper reports the initial desk study approach to faecal indicator budget estimation using available data from the sewerage infrastructure and catchment sources of faecal indicators.

scholarly journals TRANSFORMATION OF THE WATER QUALITY IN THE SŁUPIA RIVER (POLAND)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Anna Jarosiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Major Nutrient ◽  
Phosphorus Form ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
The One

The objective of this paper was to present the water quality changes of the one of Polish rivers - Słupia River, located in the Pomeranian Region. The Słupia River receives pollutants derived from non-point and point sources of pollution. This is due to the agricultural and forested character of the river’s basin and the location of the towns of Słupsk and Ustka on the river. The elaboration covers the period from 1988 to 2007 and is based on hydrological data, completed as a part of surface water monitoring programme run by the Inspectorate for Environment Protection and the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. The changes of physicochemical properties of Słupia River i.e. phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations, BOD5, and amounts of heavy metals were studied. Presented data, showed that the Słupia River has responded to a major nutrient loading reduction. The current concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus form in river allows qualifying the water to first quality class.

Innovation in Outcomes-Based Water Quality Policy: A Case Study from the Yahara Watershed, Wisconsin, USA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Chloe Wardropper ◽  
Sean Gillon ◽  
Adena Rissman
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Regulatory Enforcement ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
High Runoff ◽  
Stakeholder Dialog ◽  
Regulatory Flexibility

This case examines the risks and opportunities for stakeholders involved in an experimental water quality management program in Wisconsin, USA. This program pays for pounds of pollution reduced through soil conservation practices on farm fields and other high-runoff areas across the landscape—nonpoint sources of pollution—by redirecting funds from the sewerage plant and municipal point sources of pollution. Uncertain monitoring and modeling of pollution sources used for program payments and accountability create perceived and real risks to program participants and the environment, including the threat of regulatory enforcement, lost revenue, and failure to achieve environmental outcomes. On the other hand, in this case study, regulatory flexibility also opened a space for stakeholder dialog and programmatic cooperation that could lead to more adaptive and locally acceptable watershed pollution control in the future.

Investigation of chemical parameters along the Nagy Brook

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
N. Mazsu ◽  
A. Szabolcsik ◽  
S. Forian ◽  
N. Boros ◽  
I. Bodnar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Water Stream ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Water Conditions

Abstract Several small and big water streams cut across Hungary; the protection of these water resources is in our common interest. To perform this protection, it is necessary to carry out extensive condition surveys of these surface waters. Unfortunately, our surface water streams are not properly investigated; it is true especially for the small ones. That is why we started to study the water quality of Nagy Brook, which is loaded by many point sources of pollution. During our work we have done measurements on spot and in laboratory, as well. In this paper we are presenting only those results which were measured on the spots along the Nagy Brook. Our results demonstrate how large the effect of inflowing treated wastewater is on the quality of a seasonal water stream and how the water level affects the studied parameters and what kind of the chemical and ecological water conditions can be developed under these circumstances.

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