scholarly journals Assessing the TSS Removal Efficiency of Decentralized Stormwater Treatment Systems by Long-Term In-Situ Monitoring

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Lieske ◽  
Dominik Leutnant ◽  
Mathias Uhl
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Stormwater Treatment ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Urban Stormwater Runoff

Decentralized treatment of stormwater runoff from heavily polluted surface can be a good solution for effective source control. Decentralized stormwater treatment systems (DS) and test procedures to monitor their performance, have been developed in recent years. At present in Germany, only lab-based tests are officially established to determine the removal efficiency of Total Suspended Solids (TSS), and in situ monitoring is still lacking. Furthermore, the fine fraction of TSS with particle sizes less than 63 µm (TSS63) have been established as a new design parameter in Germany, because of their substitute characteristics of adsorbing pollutant substances. For research and evaluation purposes continuous data of urban stormwater runoff quantity and quality at the in- and outflow of two different DS at two different sites were collected. Turbidity is used as a surrogate for TSS. Continuous turbidity data and time proportional sampling served to obtain (i) regression coefficients and (ii) to determine the TSS removal efficiency of DS. For a wide range of events the total removal efficiency of DS1 was 29% for TSS and 19% for TSS63 and for DS2 19% for TSS and 16% for TSS63. An event-based data analysis revealed a high variability of the efficiencies and its uncertainties. Moreover, outwash of still suspended or remobilization of already deposited material was observed at individual events. At both sites TSS63 dominates urban stormwater runoff as indicated by the mean ratios of TSS63 to TSS of 0.78 at the inflows and 0.89 at the outflows of both DS. A significant shift of TSS63 ratio from inflow to outflow demonstrates that TSS63 particles were removed less efficiently than coarser particles by DS1, for DS2 data was too heterogeny. It clarifies that common sedimentation methods can only contribute to a small extent to the reduction of solid emissions if the stormwater runoff contains mainly fine-particle solids. The findings suggest that treatment of urban stormwater runoff with high TSS63 pollution requires additional techniques such as a proper filtering to retain fine particles more effective.

scholarly journals Removal of Heavy Metals, Nutrients and Sediment by a Stormwater Treatment Train; a Southeast Queensland, Medium-Density Residential Case Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Drapper ◽  
Andy Hornbuckle
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Stormwater Treatment ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
Total Copper ◽  
Treatment Train ◽  
The Media ◽  
Urban Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Southeast Queensland

Urban stormwater runoff from a medium-density residential development in southeast Queensland has been monitored in the field since November 2013. A treatment train installed on the site includes rainwater tanks collecting roofwater, 200-micron mesh baskets installed in grated gully pits and two 850 mm high media filtration cartridges installed in an underground 4 m3 vault. A monitoring protocol developed by research partners, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), guided the monitoring process over a 4.5-year period. Heavy metals were included in the list of analytes during the monitoring period as the catchment is within 1 km of the environmentally-sensitive Moreton Bay, Queensland. Removal efficiencies observed at this site for the regulated pollutants; total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) for the pit baskets were 61%, 28% and 45% respectively. The cartridge filters removed 78% TSS, 59% TP, 42% TN, 40% total copper and 51% total zinc. As the measured influent concentrations to the cartridge filters were low when compared to industry guidelines, the dataset was merged with international field results for TSS (n=39) and TP (n=32) but truncated within anticipated guideline levels. The combined dataset for the media filter demonstrates performance at 89% TSS, 66% TP and 42% TN. The total gross pollutant generation rate from the medium-density residential catchment was observed to be 0.24 m3/Ha/year, with a corresponding air-dried mass of 142.5 kg/Ha/year. Less than 2% of the gross pollutant mass was anthropogenic. The findings of this research suggest that the treatment train, and in particular the media filter, holds promise for the removal of total copper and total zinc, in addition to TSS, TP and TN, from urban stormwater runoff. Based on a maximum, low risk trigger TN concentration of 1.5 mg/L, the field test data from 4.5 years of operation and standard maintenance, suggests a 5.5-year replacement interval for the media filters.

scholarly journals Removal of Nutrients, Sediment, and Heavy Metals by a Stormwater Treatment Train; a Medium-Density Residential Case Study in Southeast Queensland

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Drapper ◽  
Andy Hornbuckle
Keyword(s):  
Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Stormwater Treatment ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
Total Copper ◽  
Treatment Train ◽  
The Media ◽  
Urban Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Southeast Queensland

Urban stormwater runoff from a medium-density residential development in southeast Queensland has been monitored in the field since November 2013. A treatment train installed on the site includes rainwater tanks collecting roofwater, 200-micron mesh baskets installed in grated gully pits, and two 850-mm-high media filtration cartridges installed in an underground 4-m3 vault. The site has been monitored over a 4.5-year period. Removal efficiencies were observed at this site for the regulated pollutants; the corresponding values for total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN) for the pit baskets were 61%, 28%, and 45%, respectively. The cartridge filters removed 78% of TSS, 59% of TP, 42% of TN, 40% of total copper, and 51% of total zinc. As the measured influent TSS and TP concentrations to the cartridge filters were low when compared to industry guidelines, the U.S. field dataset was truncated to anticipated guideline levels, confirming results at 90% for TSS and 76% for TP. The total gross pollutant generation rate from the medium-density residential catchment was observed to be 0.24 m3/Ha/year, with a corresponding air-dried mass of 142.5 kg/Ha/year. Less than 2% of the gross pollutant mass was anthropogenic. This paper concludes that the treatment train, and in particular the media filter, provides good removal of total copper and total zinc as well as TSS, TP, and TN from urban stormwater runoff, with higher inlet concentrations producing better performance. Field test data from 58 months of operation and standard maintenance suggests that breakthrough of TSS and TP has not occurred yet.

scholarly journals Stormwater Runoff Treatment Using Pervious Concrete Modified with Various Nanomaterials: A Comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8552
Author(s):  
Vahid Alimohammadi ◽  
Mehdi Maghfouri ◽  
Delaram Nourmohammadi ◽  
Pejman Azarsa ◽  
Rishi Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Stormwater Treatment ◽  
Adsorption Mechanisms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Adsorption Processes

Clean water is a vital need for all living creatures during their lifespan. However, contaminated stormwater is a major issue around the globe. A wide range of contaminants, including heavy metals, organic and inorganic impurities, has been discovered in stormwater. Some commonly utilized methods, such as biological, physical and chemical procedures, have been considered to overcome these issues. However, these current approaches result in moderate to low contaminant removal efficiencies for certain classes of contaminants. Of late, filtration and adsorption processes have become more featured in permeable concretes (PCs) for the treatment of stormwater. As nanoparticles have vast potential and unique characterizations, such as a higher surface area to cure polluted stormwater, employing them to improve permeable concretes’ capabilities in stormwater treatment systems is an effective way to increase filtration and adsorption mechanisms. The present study reviews the removal rate of different stormwater contaminants such as heavy metals, organic and other pollutants using nanoparticle-improved PC. The application of different kinds of nanomaterials in PC as porous media to investigate their influences on the properties of PC, including the permeability rate, compressive strength, adsorption capacity and mix design of such concrete, was also studied. The findings of this review show that different types of nanomaterials improve the removal efficiency, compressive strength and adsorption capacity and decrease the infiltration rate of PC during the stormwater treatment process. With regard to the lack of comprehensive investigation concerning the use of nanomaterials in PC to treat polluted stormwater runoff, this study reviews 242 published articles on the removal rate of different stormwater contaminants by using PC improved with nanoparticles.

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Heavy Metals Concentration in Urban Stormwater Runoff

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 1801-1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Min Wang ◽  
Hui Yu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Urban Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Cu And Zn

In order to know the characteristic of spatial and temporal distribution of heavy metal concentrations in urban stormwater runoff, rainfall runoff from impervious underlying surfaces in urban region was observed during rain events. Results showed that during the precipitation process, heavy metal concentrations decreased gradually temporally (except Cd); concentrations of Fe, Cu and Zn meet Class III standard of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water in terminal runoff, but concentrations of Cd and Pb go beyond this standard far. Heavy metal concentrations in runoff from different types of landuses were significantly different. The arithmetic average concentrations of Fe, Cd, Cu and Zn in stormwater runoff from roof (e.g.,34.4mg/L, 0.15mg/L, 1.25mg/L and 1.23mg/L, respectively) were obviously higher than that in stormwater runoff from road (e.g., 11.8mg/L, 0.05mg/L, 0.13mg/L and 0.69mg/L, respectively).

Using Multiple Isotopes to Identify Sources and Transports of Nitrate in Urban Residential Stormwater Runoff

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiyue Hu ◽  
Song Zhu ◽  
Zanfang Jin ◽  
Aijing Wu ◽  
Xiaoyu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Road Runoff ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
Roof Runoff ◽  
The Road ◽  
Urban Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Siar Model

Abstract Increased nitrogen (N) from urban stormwater runoff aggravates the deterioration of aquatic ecosystems as urbanisation develops. In this study, the sources and transport of nitrate (NO3−) in urban stormwater runoff were investigated by analysing different forms of N, water isotopes (δD-H2O and δ18O-H2O), and NO3− isotopes (δ15N-NO3− and δ18O-NO3−) in urban stormwater runoff in a residential area in Hangzhou, China. The results showed that the concentrations of total N and nitrate N in road runoff were higher than those in roof runoff. Moreover, high concentrations of dissolved organic N and particulate N in road runoff led to significantly different TN concentrations in road runoff (mean: 3.76 mg/L) and roof runoff (mean: 1.23 mg/L). The high δ18O-NO3− values (mean: 60 ± 13.1‰) indicated that atmospheric deposition was the predominant NO3− source in roof runoff, as confirmed by the Bayesian isotope mixing model (SIAR model), contributing 83.6–97.8% to NO3−. The SIAR model results demonstrated that atmospheric deposition (34.2–91.9%) and chemical fertilisers (6.27–54.3%) were the main NO3− sources for the road runoff. The proportional contributions from soil and organic N were smaller than other sources in both the road runoff and roof runoff. For the initial period, the NO3− contributions from atmospheric deposition and chemical fertilisers were higher and lower, respectively, than those in the middle and late periods in road runoff during storm events 3 and 4, while an opposite trend of road runoff in storm event 7 highlighted the influence of short antecedent dry weather period. It was suggested that reducing impervious areas and more effective management of fertiliser application in urban green land areas were essential to minimize the presence of N in urban aquatic ecosystems.

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