scholarly journals Low-Impact Development (LID) in Coastal Watersheds: Infiltration Swale Pollutant Transfer in Transitional Tropical/Subtropical Climates

Water ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Aline Rech ◽  
Elisa Pacheco ◽  
Jakcemara Caprario ◽  
Julio Cesar Rech ◽  
Alexandra Rodrigues Finotti
Keyword(s):  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Ionic Exchange ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Coastal Watersheds ◽  
Regulatory Limits ◽  
Pollutant Transfer ◽  
Sustainable Drainage Systems

The control of runoff pollution is one of the advantages of low-impact development (LID) or sustainable drainage systems (SUDs), such as infiltration swales. Coastal areas may have characteristics that make the implementation of drainage systems difficult, such as sandy soils, shallow aquifers and flat terrains. The presence of contaminants was investigated through sampling and analysis of runoff, soil, and groundwater from a coastal region served by an infiltration swale located in southern Brazil. The swale proved to be very efficient in controlling the site’s urban drainage volumes even under intense tropical rainfall. Contaminants of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Fe, Mn and Ni were identified at concentrations above the Brazilian regulatory limit (BRL) in both runoff and groundwater. Soil concentrations were low and within the regulatory limits, except for Cd. The soil was predominantly sandy, with neutral pH and low ionic exchange capacity, characteristic of coastal regions and not very suitable for contaminant retention. Thus, this kind of structure requires improvements for its use in similar environments, such as the use of adsorbents in soil swale to increase its retention capacity.

scholarly journals Attitude and Actual Behaviour towards Water-Related Green Infrastructures and Sustainable Drainage Systems in Four North-Western Mediterranean Regions of Italy and France

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Maria Piacentini ◽  
Rudy Rossetto
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Related Services ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Actual Behaviour ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Sustainable Drainage Systems

Water-related green infrastructures (WrGIs), also known as blue infrastructures, and sustainable drainage systems (SuDSs) offer services such as stormwater runoff management, water purification, water storage at the intersection of the built environment, and natural systems by mimicking natural hydrological processes. While several papers document the reliability of such infrastructures in providing a variety of water-related services, few studies investigated the actual behaviour and the attitude of different stakeholders to understand the limitations and barriers in WrGIs/SuDSs implementation. In this paper, we investigated these issues by posing a set of questions to 71 qualified stakeholders in three Italian regions (Toscana, Liguria, and Sardegna) and one French region (Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur) in the northwestern Mediterranean. The results of the investigation largely show a lack of knowledge on these innovative solutions, although there is a general interest in their implementation both in the Italian and French regions. Barriers are also constituted by the scarcity of the demonstrators implemented, little knowledge on construction and maintenance costs, the absence of a proper regulatory framework, and of fiscal and financial incentives to support private citizens and companies. We finally suggest tools and soft measures that, in our opinion, may contribute to supporting the implementation of WrGIs/SuDSs, especially in view of adapting Mediterranean territories to the challenges posed by climate change. The results of our analyses may be reasonably up-scaled to the whole Mediterranean coastal region.

Characteristics of variably saturated granular bentonite after long-term storage at near-field relevant temperatures

Clay Minerals ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Valter ◽  
M. Plötze
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Hydraulic Permeability ◽  
Cation Composition ◽  
Retention Capacity

AbstractBentonite is a potential material for use in the engineered barrier of radioactive waste repositories because of its low hydraulic permeability, self-sealing capability and retention capacity. It is expected that bentonite would react at the elevated temperatures accompanying the radioactive decay in the nuclear waste. The presented study was started in order to improve understanding of the coupled influence of temperature and (pore) water on the physicochemical and mineralogical properties of bentonite during thermal treatment under near-field relevant conditions. Granular Na-bentonite MX-80 was differently saturated (Sr = 1–0.05) and stored at different temperatures (50–150°C) in a closed system. Upon dismantling after different periods of time (3 to 18 months), mineralogical characteristics, cation exchange capacity and content of leachable cations, as well as physicochemical properties such as surface area and water adsorption were investigated.The results showed a high mineralogical stability. A slight conversion from the sodium to an earth alkali form of the bentonite was observed. However, considerable changes in the physicochemical properties of the bentonite were observed, particularly by treatment above the critical temperature of 120°C. The cation exchange capacity decreased during heating at 150°C by approximately. 10%. The specific surface area dropped by more than 50%. The water uptake capacity under free swelling conditions showed a slight tendency to lower values especially for samples heated for more than 12 months. The water vapour adsorption ability in contrast drops by 25% already within three months at T = 120°C. These changes are mostly related to the variations in the interlayer cation composition and to smectite aggregation processes. The observed alterations are rather subtle. However, temperatures ⩾ 120°C had a remarkable negative influence on different properties of MX-80.

scholarly journals PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOCHAR FOR A SUSTAINABLE SOIL HEALTH

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rekha A. ◽  
Vidhya A.
Keyword(s):  
Soil Health ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristic ◽  
High Water ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Bet Analysis ◽  
Thermochemical Processes

Recent research suggests that biochar is a promising approach to minimize soil contamination caused by heavy metals and organic pollutants. It is also involved in the amendment of soil by altering the nutrients, pH and other factors. Through intensive literature review, this paper was aimed to better understand the selection of feedstock processes, preparation, and characterization of biochar. Wide variety of feedstock used for the biochar production based on the cost effectiveness, ease availability and they are ecofriendly to the environment. Among the thermochemical processes, pyrolysis is the promising techniques followed for the production of BC. The stabilization efficacy was mainly determined by cation exchange capacity, pH, and ash content of the biochar. The physicochemical characteristic of the biochar is analyzed using various methods such as SEM, FTIR, TGA and BET analysis. The surface area plays a major role in the metal sorption. The quality characteristics of biochar as a soil amendment varied greatly with the feedstock materials and the pyrolysis conditions. Biochar plays a great role in increasing the pH which helps the acidic soil region and its high-water retention capacity enhance the moisture level in the soil which enhances the microbial communities and its activity. Biochar becomes stabilized in the soil by interacting with soil particles. The inherent characteristics of the biochar as dictated by feedstock and pyrolysis conditions, interact with climatic conditions such as precipitation and temperature to influence how long biochar carbon remains stored in the soil. Due to its carbon sequestration in the soil, it helps in increasing the fertility of the soil and also enhances the crop yield.

scholarly journals Towards urban resilience through Sustainable Drainage Systems: A multi-objective optimisation problem

2020 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. 111173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent McClymont ◽  
Davi Gasparini Fernandes Cunha ◽  
Chris Maidment ◽  
Biniam Ashagre ◽  
Anaí Floriano Vasconcelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Sustainable Drainage Systems

Facile construction of crosslinked all-carbon-backbone anion-exchange membranes with robust durability

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (48) ◽  
pp. 24831-24840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Li ◽  
Qian Yang ◽  
Xue Lang Gao ◽  
Hong Yue Wu ◽  
Qiu Gen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Ionic Exchange ◽  
Carbon Backbone ◽  
Stable Anion

With the aim of preparing highly alkaline stable anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) with desirable ionic exchange capacity (IEC) and swelling, a series of crosslinked poly(4-vinylphenol) (PVP)-based membranes was prepared.

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