scholarly journals Comparing Devices for Concurrent Measurement of AC Current and DC Injection during Electric Vehicle Charging

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Olga Mironenko ◽  
Willett Kempton
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Current Transformer ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Current Sensing ◽  
Vehicle To Grid ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Ac Current ◽  
Supply Equipment ◽  
Safety Countermeasures ◽  
Power And Energy

Widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) requires additional safety countermeasures to prevent DC injection from EVs into the AC grid via Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE). Moreover, for energy purchase, and even more so for vehicle-to-grid (V2G) services, the EVSE must conduct high precision bidirectional power and energy measurements. This paper introduces operating principles, structure, performance, and cost comparison of three current sensing technologies—current transformer, shunt and fluxgate—for metering and protection within an EVSE, concluding with recommendations among those sensors for the most beneficial applications concerning EV charging.

scholarly journals Integrated Electric Vehicle Shunt Current Sensing System for Concurrent Revenue Metering and Detection of DC Injection

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1193
Author(s):  
Olga Mironenko ◽  
Garrett Ejzak ◽  
Willett Kempton
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Accuracy Class ◽  
Current Sensing ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
Energy Metering ◽  
Ac Current ◽  
Supply Equipment ◽  
Combined Sensor

Certified electric vehicle power converters can inject DC current into the AC grid if they fail. Verification of DC injection by electric vehicle supply equipment can be a cost-effective extra measure to ensure power quality from a variety of plugged-in electric vehicles. As electric vehicle supply equipment typically performs high-accuracy revenue energy metering, we propose that measurement of AC current and DC injection with a single sensor is the most economically efficient design. This article presents an integrated shunt current sensing system with separation of AC and DC signals for concurrent revenue metering and DC injection detection. It also shows how the combined sensor is integrated into 19.2 kW single-phase electric vehicle supply equipment, and outlines how the design would be extended to 100 kW three-phase electric vehicle supply equipment. The prototype can detect DC injection of ≥400 mA in an AC current up to 80 A in accordance with the IEEE 1547-2018 standard. The prototype can also conduct revenue metering within the 1.0 accuracy class. The prototype does not have high power dissipation at high currents typical for shunt systems. Finally, the prototype is less costly than common electric vehicle supply equipment revenue metering CT systems with the addition of the popular Hall-effect sensor.

scholarly journals Selecting Locations of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Based on the Traffic Load Eliminating Method

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bong-Gi Choi ◽  
Byeong-Chan Oh ◽  
Sungyun Choi ◽  
Sung-Yul Kim
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Queueing Model ◽  
Traffic Data ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Supply Equipment ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
Ev Charging ◽  
Charging Demand

Establishing electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) to keep up with the increasing number of electric vehicles (EVs) is the most realistic and direct means of promoting their spread. Using traffic data collected in one area; we estimated the EV charging demand and selected priority fast chargers; ranging from high to low charging demand. A queueing model was used to calculate the number of fast chargers required in the study area. Comparison of the existing distribution of fast chargers with that suggested by the traffic load eliminating method demonstrated the validity of our traffic-based location approach.

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