scholarly journals Fifteen years of habitat, floristic and vegetation change on a pioneer sand-dune and slack system at Ainsdale, north Merseyside, UK

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Howard Smith ◽  
Patricia Lockford
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Sand Dune ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Ellenberg Indicator Values ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Lower Fertility ◽  
Dune Ridge ◽  
Seasonally Flooded ◽  
Rate Of Succession

Changes in habitat, floristics and vegetation between 2005 and 2019 were studied on 2.9 ha of sandy foreshore near Ainsdale-on-Sea, north Merseyside. Named the ‘New Green Beach’, the site initially supported saltmarsh vegetation but, within five years, a 30-35 m-wide embryo dune ridge had formed, eventually 3.5 m high, backed by a 300 x 30 m seasonally flooded, calcareous dune-slack. The latter was colonised by pioneer slack plants, after which it rapidly developed areas of tall-herb fen and Alnus/Salix carr, while saltmarsh plants declined. During succession, species recorded as ‘rare’ became fewer in number while a higher frequency of ‘abundant’ taxa was recorded. The number of vascular plants listed annually increased from one in 2005 to 154 in 2019, though the rate of addition of new plants fell after 2010. Overall, 246 taxa were identified during the study. Only 9% of these were non-native, 17% being regionally or nationally notable, including 16 Red-listed species. Very poor statistical fits were obtained to recognised UK National Vegetation Classification vegetation types. Analysis of Ellenberg Indicator Values for salinity, nitrogen, moisture and reaction showed that the plant community became progressively adapted to low salinity, lower fertility, drier conditions and a less basic soil. The findings are discussed in relation to comparable studies elsewhere in Britain and Northern Europe. The rate of succession on the New Green Beach seems remarkably high, while evidence of declining soil fertility over time was unexpected.

scholarly journals ЕКОЛОГО-ЦЕНОТИЧНА СТРУКТУРА ФЛОРИ ЗАКАРПАТСЬКОЇ РІВНИНИ

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
O. V. Pryhara
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Meadow Steppe ◽  
Ruderal Vegetation ◽  
Zonal Vegetation ◽  
Genetic Types ◽  
Edaphic Conditions ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
The Right ◽  
Black Mountain

The Transcarpathian plain is the northeastern part of the large Middle Danube lowland in the Transcarpathian region. The length of the plain is 80–90 km, the width is 22–23 km, the height is 102–120 m asl. Within the Transcarpathian plain stands out the Berehiv hills, represented by single volcanic mountains of 300-500 m altitude (Black Mountain – 568 m asl, Shalanka – 372 m asl. and other). The Transcarpathian plain is located mainly on the right bank of the Tisza River. Soil-forming rocks are mostly acidic. The climate of the Transcarpathian plain is humid, temperate and continental. The spontaneous flora of the Transcarpathian plain consists of 1209 species of higher vascular plants. Depending on the ecological and coenotic affiliation of flora species to the main zonal vegetation types, seven florencoenotypes were identified in the territory of the studied region: 1) Immoral (Nemoralophyton) – 375 coenoelements (33.33% of the total number of species). In the composition of the Nemoralophyton the florencoenosvites are distinguished: a) oak-hornbeam (Querceto-carpinetophytum) – 130 coenoelements (10.75%); b) helio-quercetal (Quercetophytum) – 171 coenoelements (14.14%); c) fagetal (Fagetophytum) – 74 coenoelements (6.12%); 2) Meadow (Pratophyton) – 220 coenoelements (18.2%). As a part of the Pratophyton the florencoenosvites are: а) flood-meadow (Humidopratophytum) – 92 coenoelements (8.02%); b) land-meadow (Mesopratophytum) – 132 coenoelements (10.92%); 3) Meadow-steppe (Prato-Steppophyton) – 164 coenoelements (13.56%); 4) Xerothermic shrub (Xerothamnophyton) – 32 coenoelements (2.65% ); 5) Marsh (Paludophyton) – 31 coenoelements (2.56%); 6) Hygro-hydrophilic (Hyhro-Hydrophyton) – 129 coenoelements (10.67%). As a part of the Hygro-Hydrophyton the florencoenosvites are: a) coastal-water (Hygrophytum) – 79 coenoelements (6.53%); b) aqueous (Hygrophytum) – 50 coenoelements (4.13%); 7) Synanthropic (Synantropophyton) – 285 coenoelements (23.57%). In the composition of the Syntantropophyton the florencenosvites are as follows: a) vegetative vegetation (Segetalophytum) – 132 coenoelements (10.92%) and b) ruderal vegetation (Ruderalophytum) – 153 coenoelements (12.65%). The results of the analysis of the ecological-coenotic structure of the flora of the Transcarpathian plain showed that the leading position is occupied by species of the immoral florenceonotype (Nemoralophyton) (with the predominance of the helio-quercetal florencoenosvita (Quercetophytum); meadow (Pratophyton) (with the predominance of land-meadow florencoenosvita (Mesopratophytum) and meadow-steppe (Prato-Steppophyton) florencoenotypes. The distribution of species by major ecological-coenotic groups reflect the features of the main genetic types of vegetation, climatic, edaphic conditions and terrain of the territory under study

The effects of disturbance on marsh seed banks

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2133-2137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren M. Smith ◽  
John A. Kadlec
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Distichlis Spicata ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Normal Water ◽  
Standing Vegetation

Seed numbers and the species composition of seed banks (germinable seeds) from a marsh adjacent to the Great Salt Lake were compared among five vegetation types prior to a drawdown, during a drawdown, and prior to fire, after fire, and after restoration of normal water levels. Substrate samples were processed in the greenhouse under submersed and moist soil treatments to simulate the two germination conditions found in the field. After the fire, seed movement into the different vegetation types was also estimated. Numbers of germinable seeds were not depleted during the drawdown, possibly owing to increased salinity and the presence of standing vegetation. Fire had little effect on seed banks and subsequent seedling response. In general, seed banks were not affected by disturbance (e.g., burning, drawdown). The movement of seeds into the different vegetation types indicated that seed ingress could be important when one considers potential vegetation change. Seed banks of open water sites contained few germinable seeds when compared with Scirpus lacustris, S. maritimus, Distichlis spicata, and Typha spp. sites. Open water sites were devoid of vegetation and had few physical barriers, and seeds continued to move (air, water) across these areas until a barrier was reached, e.g., sites with vegetation.

Greening dynamics and shrubland extent from remote sensing data using NDVI and NARI Indices: case study of the George River basin (Nunavik, Canada).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Jean-Pierre Dedieu ◽  
Johann Housset ◽  
Arthur Bayle ◽  
Esther Lévesque ◽  
José Gérin-Lajoie
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Spectral Band ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Local Study ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
George River

<p>Arctic greening trends are well documented at various scales (Fraser et al., 2011; Tremblay et al., 2012; Bjorkman et al., 2018). In this context, Remote Sensing offers a unique tool for estimating the high latitude vegetation evolution in the relatively long-term, i.e. the Landsat archive since the 80’s. Spectral indices derived from visible and infra-red wavelengths provide relations that can be used to quantify vegetation dynamics, we will combine the well-used Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the recent Normalized Anthocyanins Reflectance Index (Bayle et al., 2019), using red-edge spectral band (690 to 710 µm) from Sentinel-2, to better quantify vegetation change over 30 years.</p><p>The application area is located in Nunavik, northern Québec (Canada), and concerns the George River catchment (565 km length, 41 700 km²). This large river basin covers vegetation from boreal forest (South) to arctic tundra (North). Local study sites stem from the Kangiqsualujjuaq village (Ungava Bay) to 300 km south, along the main river and its tributaries.</p><p>NDVI: surface reflectance Landsat bands were gathered for three years 1985, 2000 and 2015 (respectively Landsat missions 5, 7 and 8). For each period of interest, the best August cloud-free scenes were chosen and merged to create a cloud free mosaic covering the study area. NDVI bands were calculated and compared after cloud and water masking. NDVI trends were compared between the main vegetation types following the newly released “Ecological mapping of the vegetation of northern Quebec” (MRNFP, 2018). Centroid of polygons within the main vegetation types of the map were used to classify the NDVI results and assess changes per type. Results of NDVI time evolution revealed a clear greening trend at the river basin scale. Although greening was observed across the whole latitudinal gradient, the relative NDVI increase was stronger on the northern half of the study area, mostly covered with tundra and subarctic vegetation. Both shrublands and sparsely vegetated zones dominated by rocks had the greatest relative NDVI increase. This is likely caused by improved growth of established prostrate vegetation over the past 30 years in response to increasing temperatures trend.</p><p>NARI: greening trends in the Eastern Canadian Arctic have been partly attributed to increases in shrub cover (Myers-smith et al., 2011) and specifically to Betula glandulosa (e.g. Tremblay et al., 2012). Such land cover changes alter species competition (Shevtosa et al., 1997) and soil thermal regime (Domine et al., 2015; Paradis et al., 2016). Transformations in biotic and abiotic conditions reduce the fruit productivity of low stature shrubs of the Ericaceae family (Lussier 2017), which in turn is expected to impact animal (Prescott and Richard 2013) and human populations (Lévesque et al., 2013; Boulanger-Lapointe et al., 2019). An innovative method has been developed in the French Alps to detect the late-fall reddening of shrub leaves and map shrublands (Bayle et al., 2019). Quantifying NARI dynamics related to NDVI dynamics could allow to gain a better understanding of species composition change related to current landscape transformation.</p>

Vegetational heterogeneity during a primary sand dune succession

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Morrison ◽  
G. A. Yarranton
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Sand Dune ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Prunus Virginiana ◽  
Quercus Velutina ◽  
Successional Stages ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
Rate Of Succession

The Grand Bend succession can be divided into three periods: a colonizing stage, up to 1600 years; a transition period from 1600 to 2900 years; and a persistent stage from 2900 to at least 4800 years. The colonizing stage is dominated by grasses, Juniperus spp. and Quercus prinoides. Transition begins when persistent species invade at certain points; the earliest species are usually Quercus velutina × rubra, Rhus aromatica, and Prunus virginiana. During the transitional period the patches of persistent vegetation grow until they coalesce. This marks the inception of the persistent stage during which the vegetation cover is predominantly oak–pine forest. Hence the path of succession does not differ from point to point but the rate of succession does. It is argued that the existence of distinct successional stages and the mode of transition between them support the organismal concept of vegetation.

scholarly journals Phytosociological Data in Assessment of Anthropogenic Changes in Vegetation of Rzeszów Reservoir

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9071
Author(s):  
Maria Ziaja ◽  
Tomasz Wójcik ◽  
Małgorzata Wrzesień
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Ellenberg Indicator Values ◽  
Indicator Values ◽  
Marsh Vegetation ◽  
Se Poland ◽  
Main Factor

Phytosociological research on aquatic and marsh vegetation was conducted in Rzeszów Reservoir (SE Poland): 134 relevés according to the Braun-Blanquet method were collected there in 2016 and compared to 91 relevés published in 1994 (225 relevés in total). Changes in vegetation type, diversity measures, species composition, and Ellenberg Indicator Values (EIVs) for light, moisture, reaction, and nitrogen were analysed. Over the 22 years (1994–2016), the greatest changes were noted in communities of the classes Lemnetea and Potametea and the alliance Salicion albae. The long-term observations demonstrated the disappearance of 14 phytocoenoses and the occurrence of 12 new ones. An expansion of marsh communities (Typhetum latifoliae, Typhetum angustifoliae, Glycerietum maximae, Leersietum oryzoidis) was noted, causing a decline of several species and vegetation types. According to canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), four environmental variables (light, moisture, nitrogen, and pH) were related to plant distribution. The strong disturbances reflected in intensive eutrophication were due to human activity, which is the main factor shaping the ecological succession and overgrowing of the reservoir.

scholarly journals Forest Vegetation Cover in Yok Don National Park, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Dang Viet Viet Hung ◽  
Dang Thi Lan Anh ◽  
Nguyen Thi Ha ◽  
Alexander F. Potokin ◽  
Vu Van Truong
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
National Park ◽  
Tropical Rainforest ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Edible Plants ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Useful Plants ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Rainforest Zone

Yok Don National Park is located in the tropical rainforest zone on the Central Highlands of Vietnam. The obtained results from the study undertaken on the composition of plant species and forest vegetation in National Park indicated a record of 856 species, 473 genera and 129 families that belongs to the four divisions of vascular plants. These includes: Lycopodiophyta, Polypodiophyta, Pinophyta and Magnoliophyta. Useful plants of 856 taxonomy species listed consists of 498 species of medicinal plants, 157 species of timber plants, 144 species of edible plants, 60 species of ornamental plants, 19 species of industrial plants, 10 species of fiber plants and 38 species of unknown use plants, respectively. During the duration of investigation, Peliosanthes teta Andrews was newly recorded in the forest vegetation of National Park. A variety of forest vegetations in the area under study is described. In this study, four major vegetation types of forest were identified in Yok Don National Park.

scholarly journals Vascular Plants and Vegetation of the Sayula sub-basin, Jalisco, Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Macías-Rodríguez ◽  
Héctor Gerardo Frías-Ureña ◽  
Sergio Honorio Contreras-Rodríguez ◽  
Alfredo Frías-Castro
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Tropical Deciduous Forest ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Complex Landscape ◽  
The One ◽  
Total Species

<p><strong>Background:</strong> The Sayula sub-basin presents a complex landscape composed of plants communities that to date have not been studied in a timely manner, so this study contributes to the knowledge of the flora and vegetation of the area and the State.</p><p><strong>Question:</strong> i) How many and which families, genera and species are in the Sayula sub-basin? ii) What are the main biological forms of the species? iii) Are there species under any category of protection? iv) How many vegetation types are present within the region?<br /> <strong>Studied species:</strong> Ferns, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.<br /> <strong>Study site and years of study:</strong> The Sayula sub-basin, Jalisco, Mexico; from February 2012 to October 2015.<br /> <strong>Methods:</strong> Through the literature review and field work the floristic checklist was elaborated. In addition, with the use of geographic information systems, a map of land use and vegetation was made.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> A total of 687 species were recorded, including 415 genera and 113 families. The five main families were Poaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae Solanaceae and Euphorbiaceae representing 42.6 % of the total species and 36.6 % of the genera. It should be noted that the predominant biological forms were herbs with 409, 105 shrubs and 74 trees. On the other hand, 47 species registered under some protection category of which, only one species <em>Cleomella jaliscensis</em> is endemic to the region. Finally, eight vegetation types were determined, being the tropical deciduous forest the one that occupies greater surface and presents greater floristic diversity.<br /> <strong>Conclusions:</strong> It is important to emphasize that during the realization of the work, agricultural activities were detected affecting the flora and vegetation, threatening the biodiversity and the natural balance of the region.</p>

scholarly journals Cryptogams signify key transition of bacteria and fungi in Arctic sand dune succession

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heli Juottonen ◽  
Minna Männistö ◽  
Marja Tiirola ◽  
Minna-Maarit Kytöviita
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Community ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Sand Dune ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Mountain Birch ◽  
List Type ◽  
Plant Microbe Interaction ◽  
Bare Sand

SummaryPrimary succession models focus on aboveground vascular plants. However, the prevalence of mosses and lichens, i.e. cryptogams, suggests they play a role in soil successions. Here, we explore whether effects of cryptogams on belowground microbes can facilitate progressive shifts in sand dune succession.We linked aboveground vegetation, belowground bacterial and fungal community, and soil chemistry in six successional stages in Arctic inland sand dunes: bare sand, grass, moss, lichen, ericoid heath and mountain birch forest.Compared to the bare sand and grass stages, microbial biomass and the proportion of fungi increased in the moss stage, and later stage microbial groups appeared despite the absence of their host plants. The microbial communities of the lichen stage resembled the communities in the vascular plant stages. Bacterial community correlated better with soil chemistry than with vegetation, whereas the correlation of fungi with vegetation increased with vascular vegetation.Distinct bacterial and fungal patterns of biomass, richness, and plant-microbe interaction showed that the aboveground vegetation change structured the bacterial and fungal community differently. The nonalignment of aboveground vs. belowground changes suggests that cryptogams can drive succession towards vascular plant dominance through microbially mediated facilitation in eroded Arctic soil.

scholarly journals Comparison of two Satellite Imaging Platforms for Evaluating Sand Dune Migration in the Ubari Sand Sea (Libyan Fazzan)

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-7/W3 ◽  
pp. 1375-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Els ◽  
S. Merlo ◽  
J. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Sand Dune ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Satellite Imaging ◽  
Climate And Environmental Change ◽  
Sensing Platforms ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Image Overlay ◽  
Crest Line ◽  
Dune Ridge

Sand dunes can change location, form or dimensions depending on wind direction and strength. Sand dune movements can be effectively monitored through the comparison of multi-temporal satellite images. However, not all remote sensing platforms are suitable to study sand dunes. This study compares coarse (Landsat) and fine (Worldview) resolution platforms, specifically focussing on sand dunes within the Ubari Sand Sea (Libya). Sand dune features (crest line, dune ridge basal outlines) were extracted from Landsat and Worldview 2 imagery in order to construct geomorphic maps. These geomorphic maps were then compared using image overlay and differencing, and the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) was used to determine if the mapped dune patterns were significantly different. It was found that Landsat is a sufficient data source when studying dune patterns within a regional sand sea, but smaller dunes identified from Worldview data were not capable of being extracted in the data sourced from Landsat. This means that for studies concerned with the dune patterns and movements within sand seas, Landsat is sufficient. But in studies where the specific dynamics of specific dunes are required, a finer resolution is required; platforms such as Worldview are needed in order to gain more detailed insight and to link the past and present day climate and environmental change.

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