Identifying the Composition of Plant Species and Useful Plants in the Forests of Taman Gumi Banten in Indonesia

This study aimed to identify the composition of plant species and Useful plants in the forests of Taman Gumi Banten, Indonesia. This research conducted in the forests of Taman Gumi Banten and village Wanagiri. The population of this study, from the ecosystem aspect, is all plant species in the Taman Gumi Banten forest. From the sociosystem aspect, it is the entire community in Wanagiri village. The sample of this research from the ecosystem aspect is the plant species covered by squares. From the sociosystem aspect, it is a community component. The total sample is 50 people. Data collection methods are quadratic methods and interviews. The sampling technique is a systematic sampling technique. Data were analysed descriptively. The conclusions of this study are (1) There are 68 plant species in the entire forest of Taman Gumi Banten, (2) Of the 68 existing plant species, as many as 59 (86.76%) of the plant species were useful plants, while 9 (13.24%) of them were unknown. (5) The use of plants by the local community is 23 species (38.98%) for food, 20 species (33.89%) for boards, 9 species (15.25%) for medicine, 25 species (47.17%) ) for Hindu religious ceremonies, and industrial materials there are 1 species (1.69%).

Forest Vegetation Cover in Yok Don National Park, Vietnam

Yok Don National Park is located in the tropical rainforest zone on the Central Highlands of Vietnam. The obtained results from the study undertaken on the composition of plant species and forest vegetation in National Park indicated a record of 856 species, 473 genera and 129 families that belongs to the four divisions of vascular plants. These includes: Lycopodiophyta, Polypodiophyta, Pinophyta and Magnoliophyta. Useful plants of 856 taxonomy species listed consists of 498 species of medicinal plants, 157 species of timber plants, 144 species of edible plants, 60 species of ornamental plants, 19 species of industrial plants, 10 species of fiber plants and 38 species of unknown use plants, respectively. During the duration of investigation, Peliosanthes teta Andrews was newly recorded in the forest vegetation of National Park. A variety of forest vegetations in the area under study is described. In this study, four major vegetation types of forest were identified in Yok Don National Park.

Preservation, enrichment and use of the collection fund of energy and aromatic plants of M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of NAS of Ukraine as a scientific object that is a national treasure

Intr0ducti0n. Because plants are an important factor in the existence of the biosphere and life on Earth, plant resources are an invaluable asset that requires comprehensive study, conservation and rational use in the context of global climate change. Matcrials and mcth0ds. The subject of research was the collection of spice, essential, medicinal, energy, oilseeds, sugar plants. The object of the study was the process of introduction, selection, conservation and enrichment of genetic resources of energy and aromatic plants. Methods of introduction, acclimatization, adaptation, selection, biotech- nology are used. Physiological, biochemical, allelopathic, and ecological methods were also used. Rcsults and discus- si0n. For many years of introduction and selection work in the department of cultural flora of NBG collected valuable gene pool of useful plants (about 2000 taxa) part of which, namely “Collection Fund of Energy and Aromatic Plants of the National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine ” (over 1500 samples) is included in the List of scientific objects that make up the National Heritage.The structure and features of the scientific object (systematic, morphological-biological, botanical-geographical, ecological) are comprehensively studied and the social and economic significance of the respective groups of useful plants is assessed. About 100 varieties have been created by various selection and genetic methods, which are recommended for growing in all agro-climatic zones of Ukraine. For the first time, about 50 new highly productive economically valuable crops from the collection fund have been introduced into the State Reg- ister of Plant Varieties of Ukraine. Based on the use of the collection fund, about 50 promising phytotechnologies for the production of biofuels, food products and phytomedicines have been developed. For the first time in Ukraine more than 40 Methods of examination of varieties of new energy and aromatic crops for difference, homogeneity and stability have been developed. C0nclusi0ns. As a result of many years of introductory and selection-genetic work in the department of cultural flora of the NBG, the “Collection Fund of Energy and Aromatic Plants” was created — as a scientific object that is a National Heritage. Important scientific and practical results on the preservation, enrichment and use of the collection have been obtained.

Rubber tree and cassava: Biological features, practical use, ethnocultural traditions

Aim. To make a review of Hevea and Manihot, two related plant genera that have been used by humans for a long time, to analyze their biological features, to give information on their use, to present the most interesting materials associated with them. Main part. A review of Hevea and Manihot, useful plants in the tropics and subtropics, is carried out. Their characteristics are given, biological features are considered, and data on the places of origin, on the regions where they are cultivated are considered. Information on their use by people is presented: Hevea as a rubber-bearing, cassava as a food product. Special attention is paid to the cytogenetic features of Hevea and Manihot, information about the ancient polyploid origin of these plants. Conclusion. From ancient to the present time, mankind has been using in everyday life many valuable species of subtropical and tropical plants, including Hevea and Manihot, which are an integral part of ethnocultural traditions.

Isolation and Identification of Phenolic Compounds from Dianthus orientalis Wildly Grown in Iraq.

The plant Dianthus Orientalis that belongs to the Caryphyllaceae family is one of the useful plants in Iraq. Its seeds are commonly used for toothache. This project provides the first comprehensive research done in Iraq and the world to study the phytochemicals and the methods of extraction and isolation of active constituents from Dianthus orientalis wildly grown in Iraq. The plant was harvested from Penjwin in AL-Sulaymaniyah city, Iraq in September 2019.The whole plant were washed carefully, dried in shade area for two weeks, and milled in a mechanical grinder to a coarse powder. The plant was defatted by maceration with hexane for 7days and dried after that extracted by cold extraction methods using 80% methanol solvent for 9 days then fractionation with chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol to separate the active constituents according to the change in polarities. The chloroform, ethyl acetate fractions were used for identification and isolation of phenolic compounds by TLC, PTLC, HPLC and LC/mass, FTIR. Results of the phytochemical screening exposed the presence of, phenols in the plant extract. The phenolic compound (vanillic acid, coumaric acid, cinnamic acid, genistein, oleuropein) were separated and purified by PTLC. The isolated compounds were subjected to several chemical, chromatographic and spectral analytical techniques for their identification such as TLC, HPLC, FTIR and LC/mass.

Some results of the introduction of useful plants of the flora of Siberia in the North-West of Russia

Some results of cultivation of Siberian flora species in culture at the introduction nursery of useful plantsof the Peter the Great Botanical Garden of the BIN RAS, in St. Petersburg have been summed up. All species are classifiedaccording to biological resistance. The analysis of the introduction resistance of plants in Siberia showed that 83.3 % ofthe species adapted well to the new conditions of existence. According to the duration of the introduction experiment,all plants were divided into 5 groups. 37 % falls on the group of species, the life expectancy of which is more than 60years. 45 species of rare and endangered flora of Southern Siberia, grown in culture, have been identified, most of themcan be attributed to resistant (46.7 %) and highly resistant species (31.1 %). The maximum age of these plants in theexperiment reaches 68–84 years. The data obtained can be used to preserve and enrich regional flora and prepare materialfor repatriation work.

Feedforward of Measurable Disturbances to Improve Multi-Input Feedback Control

The availability of multiple inputs (plants) can improve output performance by conveniently allocating the control bandwidth among them. Beyond that, the intervention of only the useful plants at each frequency implies the minimum control action at each input. Secondly, in single input control, the addition of feedforward loops from measurable external inputs has been demonstrated to reduce the amount of feedback and, subsequently, palliate its sideband effects of noise amplification. Thus, one part of the action calculated by feedback is now provided by feedforward. This paper takes advantage of both facts for the problem of robust rejection of measurable disturbances by employing a set of control inputs; a previous work did the same for the case of robust reference tracking. Then, a control architecture is provided that includes feedforward elements from the measurable disturbance to each control input and feedback control elements that link the output error to each control input. A methodology is developed for the robust design of the named control elements that distribute the control bandwidth among the cheapest inputs and simultaneously assures the prescribed output performance to correct the disturbed output for a set of possible plant cases (model uncertainty). The minimum necessary feedback gains are used to fight plant uncertainties at the control bandwidth, while feedforward gains achieve the nominal output response. Quantitative feedback theory (QFT) principles are employed. An example illustrates the method and its benefits versus a control architecture with only feedback control elements, which have much more gain beyond the control bandwidth than when feedforward is employed.

Colombia’s bioregions as a source of useful plants

The aim of our study was to assess the importance of different Colombian bioregions in terms of the supply of useful plant species and the quality of the available distribution data. We assembled a dataset of georeferenced collection localities of all vascular plants of Colombia available from global and local online databases. We then assembled a list of species, subspecies and varieties of Colombia’s useful plants and retrieved all point locality information associated with these taxa. We overlaid both datasets with a map of Colombia’s bioregions to retrieve all species and useful species distribution records in each bioregion. To assess the reliability of our estimates of species numbers, we identified information gaps, in geographic and environmental space, by estimating their completeness and coverage. Our results confirmed that Colombia’s third largest bioregion, the Andean moist forest followed by the Amazon, Pacific, Llanos and Caribbean moist forests contained the largest numbers of useful plant species. Medicinal use was the most common useful attribute across all bioregions, followed by Materials, Environmental uses, and Human Food. In all bioregions, except for the Andean páramo, the proportion of well-surveyed 10×10 km grid cells (with ≥ 25 observation records of useful plants) was below 50% of the total number of surveyed cells. Poor survey coverage was observed in the three dry bioregions: Caribbean deserts and xeric shrublands, and Llanos and Caribbean dry forests. This suggests that additional primary data is needed. We document knowledge gaps that will hinder the incorporation of useful plants into Colombia’s stated plans for a bioeconomy and their sustainable management. In particular, future research should focus on the generation of additional primary data on the distribution of useful plants in the Amazon and Llanos (Orinoquia) regions where both survey completeness and coverage appeared to be less adequate compared with other regions.

SELAGINELLA BRYOPTERIS (L.): A WONDER HERB

Plants have been the foundation of several traditional medicinal systems all over the world to provide mankind with new remedies for thousands of years and still continue. In the ancient times human understanding about medicine was always near to some plant. It was the time when medicinal system was entirely based on plants. Among different medicinally useful plants one such plant is called Selaginella bryopteris L. in the botanical world and also known as Sanjeevani due to its magical medicinal properties. It is an herb which is traditionally used in many health-related problems like bacterial, viral, fungal infections, allergy, curing wounds, irregular menstruations and uterine disorders. According to some reports it is also used for fitness and better life span by the tribal communities of India. Different researchers across the country investigated and came up with its unique different properties and new possibilities every time. Apart from these Hindu mythological evidences are there which tells about its extraordinary potential of infuses life to dead. So, it is certainly a matter of more and more research to find out its ever-new hidden capabilities