O olhar local sobre o turismo na Rota Ecológica (AL)

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar como os moradores das comunidades localizadas na área litorânea dos municípios de Passo de Camaragibe, São Miguel dos Milagres e Porto de Pedras, percebem a turistificação do seu lugar. Nessa parte do litoral norte de Alagoas, com 23 km lineares de extensão, e denominado localmente de Rota Ecológica, existem 13 pousadas sofisticadas, com uma oferta que se enquadra no eixo do turismo alternativo. Com características de sofisticação e exclusividade, combinadas com preocupação ambiental e práticas que valorizam a cultura local, essas pousadas apresentam aspectos que as ligam à concepção de pousadas de charme, com uma delas – Pousada do Toque – sendo membro da Associação [Nacional] de Hotéis Roteiros de Charme. Portanto, enquanto no restante do litoral alagoano a turistificação tem tido como base o turismo de massa, com resorts e outros grandes equipamentos turísticos, a oferta da Rota Ecológica tem como base uma forma de desenvolvimento turístico alternativo, com fortes traços de sustentabilidade. A metodologia adotou uma abordagem qualitativa, com o uso de entrevistas abertas e entrevistas semiestruturadas junto a moradores antigos da área de estudo e observação direta. O estudo constatou que os entrevistados percebem mudanças na rotina da vida das comunidades relacionadas à chegada das pousadas. Na condição de antigos moradores do lugar, os olhares e sentimentos dos entrevistados indicam contradições, quando eles percebem ao mesmo tempo aspectos positivos, mas também problemas decorrentes da turistificação do seu lugar. O trabalho identifica questões que oferecem novas oportunidades de pesquisa sobre a turistificação desta parte do território alagoano. Local perception on tourism in the Rota Ecológica (AL, Brazil) ABSTRACT The objective of this work is to analyse how residents of communities of the coastal area of the municipalities of Passo de Camaragibe, São Miguel dos Milagres, and Porto de Pedras perceive the touristification of their place. In this part of the Alagoas’ littoral, with an extension of 23 km, which is locally called Rota Ecológica, there are 13 sophisticated small-scale luxury hotels with an alternative tourism offer. These hotels combine sophistication, exclusiveness, environmental concern, and practices that value the local culture in a way that link them up to the concept of charm. One of them, the Pousada do Toque, is a member of the national-scale Associação de Hotéis Roteiros de Charme. So, while the touristification of the rest of the Alagoas’ state is based on mass tourism, with resorts and other large-scale tourism equipments, the offerings of the Rota Ecológica are based on alternative tourism, embedding strong sustainability elements. The study adopted a qualitative approach, with open interviews and semi-structured interviews which were run with residents that have lived in the region since before the arrival of the above-mentioned luxury hotels in the region and direct field observation. Results show that the interviewees perceive changes to the daily routines of their communities that in their views are a consequence of the tourism of these hotels. In the condition of long-standing residents of the region, the perceptions and feelings of the interviewees reveal contradictions in that they perceive both positive and negative aspects which result from the touristification of their place. In this work questions are identified that show new research opportunities regarding the touristification of this part of the territory of Alagoas state. KEYWORDS: Ecological Route; Touristification; Perception; Place.

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Curvature Variability Study for Small- and Large-Scale Linear Fresnel Solar Fields: A Step Toward Optimization

Journal of Solar Energy Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.4037382 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 139 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sara Benyakhlef ◽

Ahmed Al Mers ◽

Ossama Merroun ◽

Abdelfattah Bouatem ◽

Hamid Ajdad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cost Reduction ◽

Large Scale ◽

Small Scale ◽

Optimization Approach ◽

Market Penetration ◽

Concentrated Solar Power ◽

Sustainable Technologies ◽

Low Efficiency ◽

New Research ◽

Variability Study

Reducing levelized electricity costs of concentrated solar power (CSP) plants can be of great potential in accelerating the market penetration of these sustainable technologies. Linear Fresnel reflectors (LFRs) are one of these CSP technologies that may potentially contribute to such cost reduction. However, due to very little previous research, LFRs are considered as a low efficiency technology. In this type of solar collectors, there is a variety of design approaches when it comes to optimizing such systems. The present paper aims to tackle a new research axis based on variability study of heliostat curvature as an approach for optimizing small and large-scale LFRs. Numerical investigations based on a ray tracing model have demonstrated that LFR constructors should adopt a uniform curvature for small-scale LFRs and a variable curvature per row for large-scale LFRs. Better optical performances were obtained for LFRs regarding these adopted curvature types. An optimization approach based on the use of uniform heliostat curvature for small-scale LFRs has led to a system cost reduction by means of reducing its receiver surface and height.

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Smart Phones are a Potential Tool for Successful Business: A Literature Review

IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) ◽

10.21013/jmss.v5.n3.p8 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 451

Author(s):

Satish Agarwal ◽

Priyanka Bhagoliwal

Keyword(s):

Mobile Phone ◽

Large Scale ◽

Age Groups ◽

Smart Phones ◽

Work Place ◽

Small Scale ◽

Daily Routines ◽

Mobile Charger ◽

Sense Of Satisfaction ◽

Potential Tool

Smart phones have become a mandatory device to carry now a days. People of all age groups, business category, service class, house wives, students etc need a Smartphone so as to carry their daily routines. From morning alarm to evening engagements, they keep everything in their mobile phone. Meetings, conferences, birthdays and anniversaries, the ‘to do list’, appointments, emails, documents, notes etc are remembered with the help of a Smartphone. And most importantly, people also carry their mobile charger or a power bank with them. If they do not carry a charger and their mobile phone shows the message that the battery is about to die, it seems as if they do not have enough oxygen to breathe properly. Even in businesses, be it a small scale or a large scale business, Smartphones are used to conduct transactions, video conferencing, conferencing calls, Emails, etc. The paper aims at reviewing the literature on the potential of a Smartphone to make a business successful. It describes how carrying a Smartphone to the work place provides a sense of satisfaction and motivation among the employees.

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Northern Lights Tourism in Iceland, Norway and Finland

Septentrio Reports ◽

10.7557/7.3266 ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bente Heimtun ◽

Gunnar Þór Jóhannesson ◽

Seija Tuulentie

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

The Arctic ◽

Small Scale ◽

Outdoor Activities ◽

Northern Norway ◽

Winter Tourism ◽

Aurora Borealis ◽

Mass Tourism ◽

Finnish Lapland

This report is the result of fieldwork in Iceland, Northern Norway and Finnish Lapland, undertaken by tourism researchers from the three countries in 2014. One aim of the study was to establish comparative knowledge on Northern Lights tours. The research is part of the ‘Winter tourism’<a title="" href="file:///Y:/Septentrio_Academic_Publishing/Tidsskriftene/Septentrio%20Reports/2015-1/Report-ver2.docx">[1]</a> project at UiT The Arctic University of Norway. During the last decade Northern Lights tourism has boomed in the case study areas. Important destinations for Aurora tourism are: Reykjavik and Akureyri in Iceland, Tromsø and Alta in Norway, and Rovaniemi and the region around Muonio in Finland. A common feature of this type of tourism is the increased interest from international tourists, mainly from Europe, Northern America and Asia. Moreover, these tourists travel to both large scale and small scale destinations. In common are also the development of mass tourism in the bigger cities, in regards of the number of tour providers and number of tourists, and a more moderate development in the smaller cities. In spite of commonalities several factors also separate the tours and destinations. The Norwegian Northern Lights tours, for instance, tend to be more expensive and they often last longer. In Finland most of the tours are in combination with other outdoor activities and mass tourism is the most noticeable in Reykjavik. Thus, there the tours are the cheapest. Furthermore, in Iceland and Alta mostly local guides are employed, whereas in Finnish Lapland and Tromsø many workers are from other Europeans countries. The researchers participated in 17 tours in total. Consequently this report gives only a glimpse of various ways of guiding and how skills, knowledge, equipment, weather and so on affect Aurora Borealis performances in a toured setting. This report continues with a presentation of the Northern Lights tourism development and offers in each country. In the description of each country we also point to guiding practices that enhance and diminish the experiences with the tours. In the last section we discuss the Northern Lights tourism in the three countries, and reflect upon the importance of the guide, safety and infrastructure and some other aspects of the tours.

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Sense Element Engagement Theory Explains How Neural Networks Produce Cortical Prosthetic Vision

10.36227/techrxiv.17161187.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Raymond Pavloski

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Neural Networks ◽

Large Scale ◽

Small Scale ◽

Engagement Theory ◽

Sense Element ◽

Neural Interactions ◽

Network Simulations ◽

New Research ◽

Parameter Values

Demonstrating that an understanding of how neural networks produce a specific quality of experience has been achieved would provide a foundation for new research programs and neurotechnologies. The phenomena that comprise cortical prosthetic vision have two desirable properties for the pursuit of this goal: 1) Models of the subjective qualities of cortical prosthetic vision can be constructed; and 2) These models can be related in a natural way to models of the objective aspects of cortical prosthetic vision. Sense element engagement theory portrays the qualities of cortical prosthetic vision together with coordinated objective neural phenomena as constituting sensible spatiotemporal patterns that are produced by neural interactions. Small-scale neural network simulations are used to illustrate how these patterns are thought to arise. It is proposed that simulations and an electronic neural network (ENN) should be employed in devising tests of the theory. Large-scale simulations can provide estimates of parameter values that are required to construct an ENN. The ENN will be used to develop a prosthetic device that is predicted by the theory to produce visual forms in a novel fashion. According to the theory, confirmation of this prediction would also provide evidence that this ENN is a sentient device.

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Farmers' experiments in Cuba

Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems ◽

10.1017/s1742170512000336 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 48-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Friedrich Leitgeb ◽

Susanne Kummer ◽

Fernando R. Funes-Monzote ◽

Christian R. Vogl

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Participant Observation ◽

Transition Process ◽

Resource Scarcity ◽

Plant Production ◽

Small Scale ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

External Resources

AbstractDue to the collapse of the socialist systems in 1989, Cuba's government promoted a series of structural changes to deal with resource scarcity and to enhance agricultural productivity. The upcoming crisis triggered adaptation strategies and led to a large-scale transition process towards a more sustainable model of agriculture. Farmers' experiments have been an implicit part of this process. Nowadays, farmers' capacity to experiment is widely accepted among the scientific community. However, detailed descriptions of farmers' approaches to experimentation are scarce. In this study, we examine the topics, resources, sources, motives, methods and outcomes of farmers' experiments in Cuba. The research methods comprised semi-structured interviews with 72 Cuban farmers, field notes, participant observation and a research diary. Key informants and 34 expert interviews added important insights into analysis. The results reveal that farmers' experiments are an integral part of farming in Cuba. Most farmers reported realizing their own experiments on their farms. The use of locally available resources was a crucial element for farmers' experiments. The topics were related to the introduction of new plant species or varieties, plant production, mechanization, fertilization, plant protection and the introduction of new animal species. The farmers' own idea was the most important source for experimenting, followed by ideas offered by colleagues and family members. Increasing production, independence from external resources and improving farm management were the main motives for experimenting. More than half of the farmers started to experiment without detailed written or mental planning, but made some considerations about the experiment before starting. Some planned more in detail and a few farmers devised a written plan, draft or model. Starting on a small scale was a way to minimize risks. The experiments were mainly evaluated by observation and comparison. Only a few farmers took records of their experiments. The most important outcomes were higher production, food self-sufficiency, work easement, improved plant health, increased knowledge, higher working efficiency and better taste of products. Farmers' experiments are a means of learning and they enhance farmers' capacity to adapt to changing conditions.

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The Value of Large Scale Tourism in Samoa

10.26686/wgtn.17003776 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Donald Dongsik Park

Keyword(s):

Scale Development ◽

Large Scale ◽

Initial Assessment ◽

Small Scale ◽

Ethical Behaviour ◽

Business Practices ◽

Alternative Development ◽

Mass Tourism ◽

Development Outcomes ◽

The Impact

During the mid to late seventies serious questions were raised regarding the value of mass tourism. This lead to the creation of the alternative development paradigm with its preference towards small scale, local and community based and controlled projects which have gained wide acceptance within the field of development studies. This research looks to reopen and examine the case against mass tourism as a development tool under the following arguments: · The initial assessment was done in the late seventies and a combination of changes in business practices and consumer demands for ethical behaviour has potentially changed the development outcomes for host nations · Governments have a greater and more balanced awareness of the range of development issues and enterprises need to respond to this · Alternative development suffers from similar criticisms to those that have been directed at mass tourism as well as some unique issues · Labour force training has been largely overlooked as critical step in maximising potential development outcomes for host nations · Two major critiques around power inequality (Britton 1983) and empowerment (Sofield 2003) are external subjective judgements about development outcomes where feedback and conclusions from within host populations might add additional insight. A survey questioning the impact a large scale development had on people’s lives was central to the research. However, due to difficulties getting survey data from a large scale development in Samoa the research has focused on providing the arguments above from literature and on secondary research aims of seeking the governments views and strategies to deal with tourism and linking these strategies back to literature.

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The Value of Large Scale Tourism in Samoa

10.26686/wgtn.17003776.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Donald Dongsik Park

Keyword(s):

Scale Development ◽

Large Scale ◽

Initial Assessment ◽

Small Scale ◽

Ethical Behaviour ◽

Business Practices ◽

Alternative Development ◽

Mass Tourism ◽

Development Outcomes ◽

The Impact

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Compelling Vansina: Contributions to Early African History

History in Africa ◽

10.1017/hia.2018.10 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 161-173

Author(s):

Kathryn M. de Luna

Keyword(s):

Social Interactions ◽

Large Scale ◽

Small Scale ◽

African History ◽

Narrative Style ◽

Historical Significance ◽

Historical Processes ◽

New Research ◽

Short Essay ◽

The Impact

Abstract:This short essay explores Jan Vansina’s contributions to the study of Africa’s early pasts. In particular, it explores the impact of sustained ethnographic fieldwork on Vansina’s narrative style, which often imagined for deeper pasts the sorts of small-scale social interactions definitive of most experiences of fieldwork. This narrative style produced a tension between Vansina’s interest in large-scale institutions and historical processes and the smaller-scale social interactions sustaining them, offering us new research topics. Attention to the historical significance of the sorts of intimate interactions imagined by Vansina requires new approaches to the variety of archives he compelled us to consider in the pages of this journal.

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