Cards and security devices for personal identification � Test methods

The 40-item University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) is the most widely used smell test in the world. Presently, culturally modified versions of this test are available in multiple languages. A traditional Chinese version of the UPSIT (UPSIT-TC) has been developed for administration in Taiwan. The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the UPSIT-TC in Taiwanese patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The phenylethyl alcohol (PEA) odor detection threshold test, the North American version of UPSIT (UPSIT-NA), and the UPSIT-TC were administered to 40 healthy subjects and to 100 CRS patients before and after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). The UPSIT-TC showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.887, 0.886, and 0.870 at three test occasions) and test-retest reliability (p < 0.001). The scores of UPSIT-TC were significantly correlated to the PEA thresholds (p < 0.001). The UPSIT-TC scores were significantly higher than those of the UPSIT-NA (p = 0.028) when analysis was performed with logistic regression with independent variables including test occasions (before or after FESS), test methods (UPSIT-NA or UPSIT-TC), status of polyp (with or without), and PEA thresholds (improved or did not improve). In addition, there were significant between-group differences in UPSIT-TC scores including healthy versus CRS, CRS with polyps versus CRS without polyps, and PEA thresholds improved versus PEA thresholds which did not improve. The UPSIT-TC is reliable and valid for measuring olfactory function in Taiwanese patients with rhinosinusitis. In addition, the UPSIT-TC clearly resulted in better performance than that of UPSIT-NA.

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Remote olfactory assessment using the NIH Toolbox Odor Identification Test and the Brain Health Registry

10.1101/2020.12.14.20248177 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Cristina Jaen ◽

Christopher Maute ◽

Scott Mackin ◽

Monica R Camacho ◽

Diana Truran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Test Methods ◽

Olfactory Function ◽

Odor Identification ◽

Brain Health ◽

Self Administration ◽

Identification Test ◽

And Gender ◽

Health Registry ◽

The Brain ◽

At Home

Objective: Early identification of deficits in our ability to perceive odors is important as many normal (i.e., aging) and pathological (i.e., sinusitis, viral, neurodegeneration) processes can result in diminished olfactory function. However, unlike hearing and vision, olfactory function is rarely tested outside of a research laboratory. The purpose of this study is to determine the feasibility of remotely testing olfactory performance using the National Institutes of Health's Toolbox odor identification test (NIH Toolbox Odor ID Test). Methods: Participants were recruited using the Brain Health Registry (BHR), an online assessment platform which connects participants with researchers. Interested participants were mailed the NIH Toolbox Odor ID Test along with instructions on accessing a website to record their responses. Results: Data obtained from subjects who performed the test at home was comparable to the normative data collected when the NIH Toolbox Odor ID Test was administered by a tester in a research setting. Age-dependent olfactory decline and gender-dependent sensitivity could be detected using the NIH Toolbox Odor ID Test remotely. Conclusions: The NIH Toolbox Odor ID Test is a valid instrument to measure olfactory performance via self-administration at home. This approach can be useful for longitudinal studies or as a screening tool for studies that require testing the sense of smell.

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Olfactory Identification among Various Subtypes of Parkinson Disease

European Neurology ◽

10.1159/000501551 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 81 (3-4) ◽

pp. 167-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mir Mohammad Jalali ◽

Seyed Ali Roudbary ◽

Hooshang Gerami ◽

Robabeh Soleimani ◽

Seyed Matin Ebrahimi

Keyword(s):

Parkinson Disease ◽

Test Methods ◽

Repeated Measurements ◽

Olfactory Function ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Identification Test ◽

The Impact ◽

Smell Identification

Introduction: This study is aimed at investigating the olfactory function among different subtypes of Parkinson disease (PD) and the impact of sex on smell identification test. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we used Iran-smell identification test (Iran-SIT). PD severity was determined using a Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) scale. We used analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to compare the olfactory function among different PD subtypes. All analyses were performed using SPSS software version 16.0. Results: In total, 66 males and 38 females participated in this study. The most common PD subtype was postural instability and gait difficulty (38.5%). Severe hyposmia and anosmia were found in 44.6 and 19.6% of participants, respectively. Women had a higher score in olfactory function than men (p = 0.44). The score of subjects with stage 1 in the H&Y scale was about 3 points higher than the score with stage 4. The ANCOVA showed a statistically significant effect of subtypes PD on Iran-SIT score after controlling for the effects of covariates (p = 0.03). There is a significant difference between tremor-dominant Parkinson disease (TDPD) and other subtypes of PD (p < 0.05). However, Iran-SIT scores failed to show a significant difference between men and women (p = 0.13). Discussion/Conclusion: Our results confirmed that PD is heterogeneous and there is significant variability in odor identification ability in these patients. We observed more olfactory impairment in TDPD, and subjects with higher H&Y stage. We recommended future studies with repeated measurements of different aspects of smell function to characterize the temporal relationship of olfactory dysfunction with PD.

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