Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries. Prevention of corrosion on pipeline systems influenced by stray currents

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Pipeline Systems

Mathematical Model of Energy Storage in Gas Hydrate and its Flow in Pipeline Systems

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwatoyin Akinsete ◽  
Sunday Isehunwa
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Hydrate ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Momentum Conservation ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Pipeline Systems ◽  
And Storage

ABSTRACT Natural gas, one of the major sources of energy for the 21st century, provides more than one-fifth of the worldwide energy needs. Storing this energy in gas hydrate form presents an alternative to its storage and smart solution to its flow with the rest of the fluid without creating a difficulty in gas pipeline systems due to pressure build-up. This study was design to achieve this situation in a controlled manner using a simple mathematical model, by applying mass and momentum conservation principles in canonical form to non-isothermal multiphase flow, for predicting the onset conditions of hydrate formation and storage capacity growth of the gas hydrate in pipeline systems. Results from this developed model shows that the increase in hydrate growth, the more the hydrate storage capacity of gas within and along the gas pipeline. The developed model is therefore recommended for management of hydrate formation for natural gas storage and transportation in gas pipeline systems.

Natural Gas Pipeline Systems

2013 ◽  
pp. 773-794
Author(s):  
Gerald Linke
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Pipeline Systems

Comments on "Optimization of natural-gas pipeline systems via dynamic programming"

1971 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 518-521
Author(s):  
D. Whitney ◽  
P. Wong ◽  
R. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Programming ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Pipeline Systems

scholarly journals Gathering Pipeline Methane Emissions in Utica Shale Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and Ground-Based Mobile Sampling

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Z. Li ◽  
Mumbi Mundia-Howe ◽  
Matthew D. Reeder ◽  
Natalie J. Pekney
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Dispersion Modeling ◽  
Utica Shale ◽  
Sampling Campaign ◽  
Pipeline Systems ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

The United States Environmental Protection Agency Greenhouse Gas Inventory only recently updated the emission factors of natural gas gathering pipelines in April 2019 from the previous estimates based on a 1990s study of distribution pipelines. Additional measurements are needed from different basins for more accurate assessments of methane emissions from natural gas midstream industries and hence the overall climate implications of natural gas as the interim major energy source for the next decade. We conducted an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) survey and a ground-based vehicle sampling campaign targeting gathering pipeline systems in the Utica Shale from March to April in 2019. Out of 73 km of pipeline systems surveyed, we found no leaks on pipelines and two leaks on an accessory block valve with leak rates of 3.8 ± 0.4 and 7.6 ± 0.8 mg/s. The low leak frequency phenomenon was also observed in the only existing gathering pipeline study in Fayetteville Shale. The UAV sampling system facilitated ease of access, broadened the availability of pipelines for leak detection, and was estimated to detect methane leaks down to 0.07 g/s using Gaussian dispersion modeling. For future UAV surveys adopting similar instrument setup and dispersion models, we recommend arranging controlled release experiments first to understand the system’s detection limit and choosing sampling days with steady and low wind speeds (2 m/s).

COMPETING WITH THE AGGREGATORS: SOME ISSUES WITH THE NATIONAL THIRD PARTY ACCESS CODE

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
G. Radford
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Spare Capacity ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Natural Gas Markets ◽  
Access Code ◽  
Pipeline Systems ◽  
Gas Markets ◽  
Ready Access

Broadly stated, the objective of the National Third Party Access Code for Natural Gas Pipeline Systems is to promote competition in natural gas markets. For the National Access Code to achieve this objective in a meaningful way, it must allow prospective gas suppliers to gain ready access to pipeline systems.This paper considers two particular aspects of the National Access Code which may cause difficulties for new gas suppliers who wish to compete with incumbent gas aggregators. The first issue relates to the ease with which a new gas supplier can identify what spare capacity is available in a pipeline. The second issue is what type of capacity a new gas supplier can hope to obtain.

Seismic Vulnerability Assessment and Retrofit of a Major Natural Gas Pipeline System: A Case History

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 539-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharma Wijewickreme ◽  
Douglas Honegger ◽  
Allen Mitchell ◽  
Trevor Fitzell
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Lateral Spreading ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Pipeline Systems

The performance of pipeline systems during earthquakes is a critical consideration in seismically active areas. Unique approaches to quantitative estimation of regional seismic vulnerability were developed for a seismic vulnerability assessment and upgrading program of a 500-km-long natural gas pipeline system in British Columbia, Canada. Liquefaction-induced lateral spreading was characterized in a probabilistic manner and generic pipeline configurations were modeled using finite elements. These approaches, developed during the early part of this 10-year program, are more robust than typical approaches currently used to assess energy pipeline systems. The methodology deployed within a GIS environment provided rational means of distinguishing between seismically vulnerable sites, and facilitated the prioritization of remedial works. While ground improvement or pipeline retrofit measures were appropriate for upgrading most of the vulnerable sites, replacement of pipeline segments using horizontal directional drilling to avoid liquefiable zones were required for others.

Optimization of the Design and Operation of Natural Gas Pipeline Systems

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry B. Martch ◽  
Norman J. McCall
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Pipeline Systems

Model Reduction for Natural Gas Pipeline Systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 468-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Aalto
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Model Reduction ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Pipeline Systems

Economic Evaluation Technique of Selecting Turbines for Natural Gas Pipelines

1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Hajnal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Evaluation Technique ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Natural Gas Pipelines ◽  
Pipeline Systems ◽  
Natural Gas Transmission ◽  
Transmission Pipeline ◽  
Type Size

Designers of natural gas transmission systems often have to make recommendations as to the type, size, and number of turbines to be purchased and installed either on new pipelines or on expanding existing systems. This paper describes the economic evaluation technique which is being used by TransCanada PipeLines, of selecting turbines for natural gas transmission pipeline systems. The technique is based on comparing the present worths of annual owning and operating costs associated with the turbines considered for installation.

Soil Loads on Polyethylene Natural Gas Pipelines Subjected to Relative Axial Ground Displacements

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalinda Weerasekara ◽  
Dharma Wijewickreme
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Closed Form ◽  
Closed Form Solution ◽  
Form Solution ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Ground Movement ◽  
Nonlinear Material ◽  
Soil Movement ◽  
Pipeline Systems ◽  
Ground Displacements

The performance of buried natural gas pipeline systems in areas subjected to permanent ground displacements is an important engineering consideration since geotechnical hazards can be a major cause of damage to these utilities. Although pipe-soil interaction models exist, there is only limited experience with pipeline materials other than steel, and particularly in relation to polyethylene (PE). With this background, a detailed research program involving full-scale physical model testing of buried pipeline systems was undertaken, and performance of straight PE pipes subject to relative axial soil movement was investigated as a part of this work. A closed-form solution was derived to account the nonlinear material response of MDPE pipes subject to relative axial soil movement, and the analytical results are compared with the results obtained from the full-scale testing. This closed-form solution provides a rational framework to estimate the response of the pipe (level of strain, force) and even the mobilized frictional length along the pipe for a known amount of ground displacement. The approach, in turn, could be used in estimating the relative axial soil displacement needed for pipe failure, which is an important consideration in the evaluation of the field performance of MDPE pipe systems located in areas of potential ground movement.

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