Determination of the installation parameters for additional attachments on the plowing unit for soil tillage

Summary. This article is dedicated to the subject of designing additional tools for use with reversible ploughs that cuts and loosens topsoil. The aim is to reduce power consumption spent for soil tillage by using reversible ploughs with roller cultivators. Methods. Theoretical and experimental studies of the topsoil movement on the plough’s wing, the mouldboard and beyond. Results. Analysis of the movement of soil particles falling from the top edge of the plough’s moulboard has allowed to obtain analytical dependence for determining the size range of soil particles based on the geometry of the working surface of the plough’s body (distance from the soil surface to the top edge of the mouldboard, the angles of the edge of the mouldboard) and the kinematic parameters of the soil (speed of the plough and roller cultivator, soil particles speed on the edge of mouldboard, soil particles descent time). A research, on the movement of the soil particles, on the mouldboard surface of the plough's body is presented. The section through the mouldboard perpendicular to the wing of the plough is described by the equation of the "inverted" cycloid and based on it the dependences have been obtained to determine the kinematic parameters of the movement of the soil particles on the surface of the plough’s body, depending on the mouldboard type and properties of the soil. Results obtained in this article allow to design the roller cultivators for reversible ploughs with determined parameters of installation, in which the power consumption costs of the plowing process will be minimal. Conclusions. Obtained analytical dependences, that determine kinematic and technological parameters of the soil movement on the working surface of the plow, the section through the orthogonal wing that has the form of an "inverted"cycloid, the variable design and technological parameters of the plough and the conditions of its operation, allowing to justify the installation parameters of the roller cultivator relative to the plough, taking into account the proposed correction ratio, which depends on the mechanical properties of the soil and its structure.

Soil Movement Monitoring System Based on IoT using Fuzzy Logic

Landslide is one of the disasters that often occurs in several areas in Indonesia, especially in hilly areas, valleys, and volcanoes. Soil conditions in some parts of Indonesia are classified as prone to landslides. The latest data from the Central Statistics Agency related to landslides in 2018 occurred as many as 10,246 events with the highest incidence on the island of Java IoT-based ground motion monitoring using fuzzy logic is a tool that is able to detect ground movements that can trigger landslides. The manufacture of this tool is based on the ig-norance of the community in predicting the occurrence of landslides. To avoid this, an early warning tool is needed in the delivery of information that is easily understood by anyone, especially the public. This tool consists of a Microcontroller, Weather Sensor, Rain Sensor, Ground Movement Sensor, and GSM Shield as well as programs to make it hap-pen. This system was created to provide information to the public directly in land-slide-prone areas. With this early warning system, it is hoped that people who are in landslide-prone loca-tions will know more quickly and can monitor the condition of landslide-prone areas so that they will be more alert to possible dangers that come suddenly, especially fatalities, can be minimized. Through this tool can also be known when the weather is cloudy, raining as well as movement or signs of ground movement, can be monitored and monitored automatically. directly by everyone from mobile phones through "SIPEGERTA" Land Movement System in Wonosalam District, Jombang Regency

Multi-Criteria Analysis of a Developed Prefabricated Footing System on Reactive Soil Foundation

The need for advancements in residential construction and the hazard induced by the shrink–swell reactive soil movement prompted the development of the prefabricated footing system of this study, which was assessed and compared to a conventional waffle raft using a multi-criteria analysis. The assessment evaluates the structural performance, cost efficiency, and sustainability using finite element modelling, life cycle cost analysis, and life cycle assessment, respectively. The structural performance of the developed prefabricated system was found to have reduced the deformation and cracking by approximately 40%. However, the cost, GHG emission, and embodied energy were higher in the prefabricated footing system due to the greater required amount of concrete and steel than that of the waffle raft. The cost difference between the two systems can be reduced to as low as 6% when prefabricated systems were installed in a highly reactive sites with large floor areas. The life cycle assessment further observed that the prefabricated footing systems consume up to 21% more energy and up to 18% more GHG emissions. These can significantly be compensated by reusing the developed prefabricated footing system, decreasing the GHG emission and energy consumption by 75–77% and 55–59% with respect to that of the waffle raft.

APLIKASI SENSOR KELEMBABAN DAN FLEX SENSOR BERBASIS ARDUINO UNO UNTUK SISTEM PENDETEKSI LONGSOR

Early detection of landslides is very important to minimize the number of deaths. Technological developments allow humans to predict the signs of landslides more accurately, quickly, and scientifically. In this study, sensors were tested to measure landslide disaster parameters, namely humidity sensors to measure soil moisture and flex sensors to measure soil movement. The sensor is controlled using a microcontroller Arduino Uno. A functionality test was carried out to test the ability of the sensors. The functionality test was carried out using the unit testing method. The unit testing method is carried out by comparing the functional test results of each sensor to the expected response. The moisture sensor functionality test shows that the sensor is able to respond to changes in water content in the soil with changes in voltage. The linear equation resulting from the calibration of the humidity sensor is y = -0.126x + 2.666 with R2 = 0.871. The flex sensor functionality test shows that the sensor is able to detect soil movement in the presence of changes in voltage. The linear equation resulting from the flex sensor calibration is y = -2.861x + 2507 with R2 = 0.964. This shows that the humidity sensor and flex sensor are good enough to be applied in the design of a landslide detection system.

Pull-Out Mechanism of Horizontal and Inclined Plate Anchors in Normally Consolidated Clay

As most existing experimental studies on plate anchors were carried out in uniform clay, a centrifuge model study is presented in this paper to investigate the pull-out behaviour of plate anchors in normally consolidated clay, which is not uncommon in offshore seabed. Horizontal and inclined anchors with different embedment depths and aspect ratios (length to width) are considered. The soil movement pattern around the plate anchor is evaluated from high-resolution photographs taken during the tests employing the Particle Image Velocimetry technique. The separation mechanism at the plate-soil interface is hence identified. The significant contribution of suction towards the ultimate pull-out capacity of a plate anchor is quantified by monitoring the soil resistance and the pore pressure beneath the anchor base under undrained condition. By comparing the pull-out responses of horizontal and inclined anchors, the effect of anchor inclination on the anchor capacity and failure mechanism is evaluated.

Numerical Modeling of Single Pile Behaviors Due to Groundwater Level Rising

Behaviors of the pile foundation due to groundwater level rising were analyzed by a series two-dimensional finite element analyses with fully coupled flow-deformation analysis. The different numerical models of single bore pile depth and diameter in Bangkok subsoil were represented with the parametric study. The pile–soil movement due to groundwater levels rising between numerical simulation and a previous experiment of the centrifuge test as the same condition are in good agreement. With rising groundwater level, the reduction of pile capacity can be evidently performed by the increase of pile settlement relative to soil surface. Moreover, the development of the plastic point captured by the finite element analysis revealed the mechanism behind the reduction of pile capacity. In this study, the evaluation of pile stability due to groundwater level rising for preliminary guidelines to protect existing structures are proposed.

A Large-Scale Model of Lateral Pressure on a Buried Pipeline in Medium Dense Sand

Modern countries utilise buried pipelines for the long-distance transportation of water, oil, and gas due to their efficiency and continuity of delivery to receiving locations. Due to soil movements such as landslides, excessive earth pressure imposed on buried pipelines causes damage and, consequently, leaking of liquids, gases or other harmful effluents into the soil, groundwater, and atmosphere. By using a large-scale physical model, the lateral pipeline–soil interaction in sandy soil was researched. This study investigated the stress distribution on a buried pipe induced by lateral soil displacement. The external forces on the buried pipe caused by the surrounding soil motion were measured using earth pressure cells installed in the active zone along the pipeline. Additionally, visual inspection of ground deformation patterns on the surface, including tensile cracks, above a shallow-buried pipeline subjected to lateral soil movement was reported. The results revealed that lateral soil movement has a potency effect on buried pipelines. The findings also indicated that the highest stresses occur at the unstable soil boundaries prior to reaching the soil’s peak strength. After observing the soil surface’s rupture, most of the stress increments were concentrated in the middle section of the pipe.

Soil–building Interaction under Surface Horizontal Strain Induced by Underground Mining

Underground mining will cause the ground to deform, leading to the destruction of buildings. Horizontal strain is one of the most important causes of damage to strip foundation buildings. However, related research is insufficient, making the mechanism of building damage caused by horizontal strain unclear and resulting in several difficulties in performing coal mining under villages. In this study, interface slip and soil pressure caused by the horizontal strain of ground transfer between soil and buildings are investigated, and stress concentration in buildings driven by soil movement is considered the primary cause of building damage. The influences of the mechanical parameters of the soil and the geometric parameters of building on stress distribution inside a building are analyzed by establishing a stress distribution model of a building under different ground horizontal strain. Softening the foundation or designing deformation joints inside a building can reduce the influence of horizontal strain on the building. This research can provide an important reference for performing coal mining safely under villages and designing building protection against ground horizontal strain.

Investigation of piled behaviour due to an adjacent excavation: 3D numerical modelling

Zameer Ahmed Channaret al.,InternationalJournal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research, 9(6), June 2021, 683–689683ABSTRACTIn congested cities, excavations are unavoidably constructed adjacent to high rising building supported by piled raft foundations which reduces differential settlements in the buildings. Since the excavations inevitably induce soil movement and stress changes in the ground, it may cause differential settlements to nearby piled raft foundation. In this numerical study, a 3D coupled consolidation numerical analysis (using a hypoplastic model, which considers strain dependent and path-dependent soil stiffness) was conducted to investigate a (2×2) piled raft responses to an adjacent 25-m deep excavation in saturated clay. The computed results have revealedthat the rate of piled raft settlement increased significantly beyond excavation stage h/He=0.5. This is because of the degradation of stiffness of clay with strain due to excavation-induced stress release. Differential settlement (i.e. tilting) was induced in the piled raft due to non-uniform stress release.Owing to separation of the raft from the ground due excavation, some of the working load was transferred to the four piles. The maximum positive bending moment was 200 kNm at Z/Lp=0.67. However, no any bending moment was induced in both the piles at the toes.