The Effects of Tax Penalty on Retained Earnings: Evidence from Quasi-Natural Experiment in South Korea

This paper evaluated how the tax penalty, corporate income feedback tax (CIFT), on retained earnings affected firms’ managerial decisions in South Korea. We focused on how the firms allocated the retained earnings to minimize the additional tax liability. We employed a quasi-natural experiment design resulting from the enactment of the CIFT in 2015 to identify how the tax penalty on earning retention affected investment, dividend, and employment. We took advantage of the eligibility condition of the CIFT to construct a quasi-natural experimental design. Our estimation results show that most firms subject to the CIFT paid out dividends to equity holders to avoid additional tax liabilities despite of modest increase of investment. They did not change wages much. Rather, they decreased wage payment. In sum, the CIFT was not as successful as Korean government wished.

Afghan aid flows will resume, bypassing the Taliban

Significance The Taliban government has allowed UN agencies to start paying salaries directly to teachers and healthcare workers. It initially stalled on this, but has now conceded for fear of losing legitimacy if it fails to address the looming crisis. Impacts Western concerns about reprisal killings of former security service members will further complicate relations with the Taliban. The public-sector wage payment scheme established by UN agencies may become the norm for many years. Taliban restrictions on female employment will have long-term economic impacts but will fall down the list of Western priority concerns.

Global Production System, Textile Industry and Wage Disparity: Evidence from South India

This article discusses the root causes of wage disparity in the textile industry. The study argues that wage disparity arises through direct and indirect approaches. Both create pressure on suppliers and leads to low wage payment, depriving workers of social security benefits, unpaid holidays and leaves. Hyper-consumerism, free on board (FoB) price, and flexibility have created competition among suppliers and other stakeholders. Suppliers flexibilise rules and re-organise work arrangements to meet on-time production by increasing working hours, introducing wage penalty, strict supervising, and increasing surveillance. JEL Codes: J3, J31, J41, J46, J81, J82, J83

Law Enforcement against the Implementation of the Provisions Payment of Workers’ Wages is Reviewed from Aspects of Employment Criminal Law

Wage problems are the most commonly disputed issues between workers and employers, which can result in disharmony in employment relationships. For the workers / workers see wages as a source of income to meet the needs of life and family, while on the part of employers see wages as one of the burdens that must be borne because it is part of the cost of production. Employers who pay wages lower than the minimum wage are part of the criminal law of the employment field. The position of employment law in the field of criminal law needs to be applied so that criminal matters related to employment can be enforced on this civilized and civilized earth. Doctrinal research type, normative juridical. The results obtained from this study that wage payments below the District Sector Minimum Wage (UMSK) are not only sanctioned by the company but also subject to criminal sanctions in accordance with Article 88E paragraph (2) juncto Article 185 of Law No. 11 of 2020 on Copyright Work. The reason for wage payment under UMSK is due to the situation and condition of the company that is not financially able to make a joint agreement between workers / workers and the company can’t be legally allowed The Company has not filed a suspension of wage payments under UMSK to the Department of Manpower and Transmigration, so the Company's actions are contrary to the legislation and null and void and the Court can impose a prison sentence of 2 (two) years in prison and a fine of Rp. 200,000,000.00 (two hundred million rupiah). Keywords: Law Enforcement, Wage Payment, Criminal Employment.

Raising the bar? The impact of the UNISON ethical care campaign in UK domiciliary care

This article critically analyses a major trade union initiative in the United Kingdom to raise standards in public contracts for domiciliary care, and in turn to improve wages and working conditions for outsourced care workers. The campaign successfully built alliances with national employer representatives, and around 25 per cent of commissioning bodies in England, Scotland and Wales have signed a voluntary charter that guarantees workers an hourly living wage, payment for travel time and regular working hours. The campaign overall, however, has had only limited effects on standards across the sector, in which low wages, zero-hours contracts and weak career paths predominate. Furthermore, the campaign has not yet yielded significant gains in terms of union recruitment, although there are signs of sporadic mobilisations of care workers in response to localised disputes.

Service Work, Sex Work, and the “Prostitute Imaginary”

This article considers the figure of the sex worker across Marxist political economy. Taking up what Melissa Gira Grant terms the “prostitute imaginary,” the authors suggest that from classical political economy to contemporary Marxist-feminist thought, the sex worker has been rhetorically deployed to trouble the boundaries between productive, unproductive, and reproductive work. More recently, the prostitute imaginary has shaped accounts of contemporary service work: in particular, the figure of the sex worker has been used to metaphorize the intimate affects demanded by service work. Rather than use service work to think about the exploitation and coercion that shapes all wage labor under capital, however, such accounts tend to treat service work and sex work as uniquely abject. As a result, they do not attend to the systemic and structural features common to both. The authors take up one of those features in particular: the use of tip-based or piece-rate methods of wage payment. They explore the history of this insecure and informalized wage form not only to track the systematization of hyperexploitation in the service sector, but also to unearth a history of resistance to that exploitation, arguing that service workers and sex workers offer a new and urgent model of revolutionary class consciousness.

Problems of Life and Livelihood of Zari-Zardozi Workers in Western Uttar-Pradesh

Zari-Zardozi is a type of hand embroidery and usually done on apparels for embellishment with the help of needle, threads and metal wires. This handicraft work has been taken as patrimonial art in the artisan family. Even a strong presence of this art in the domestic and international market in last decade of 20th century and the first decade of the twenty first century, the plight of labourers was not improved and became so miserable. This descriptive research has been done on Zari-zardozi labourers of different villages of Bareilly, a western Uttar Pradesh’s district famous for this handicraft. There was 150 rural household samples were collected randomly to depict Zari-zardozi labourers’ present actual condition with their socio-economic background. There are two types of workers involved in this sector. One, who are doing this work as their main occupation and engaged in that throughout the year while others are temporary workers whose main occupation is some other but to earn sufficient or to use their holidays, they work for some hours or few days in a month or year. The nature of employment may affect the labour productivity. This paper would try to know the age-group, education, technical qualifications, wages variance between permanent and temporary labourers. With the help of Zari-Zardozi labourers’ inputs it would suggest the major factors affecting wages and would prescribe the possible measures to increase their income. Along with it, this study would try to assess their quality of life up to some extent with socio-economic condition of them. Minimum wage payment, skill development and social welfare schemes within the ambit of structural change of selling may be helpful to improve their poverty ridden condition