Faculty Opinions recommendation of Color discrimination in the red range with only one long-wavelength sensitive opsin.

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Summers
Keyword(s):  
Color Discrimination ◽  
Long Wavelength

scholarly journals The evolution of opsin genes in five species of mirid bugs: duplication of long-wavelength opsins and loss of blue-sensitive opsins

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengjun Xu ◽  
Bin Lu ◽  
Jiangtao Chao ◽  
Robert Holdbrook ◽  
Gemei Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Trapping ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Color Discrimination ◽  
Duplication Event ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
Phototactic Behavior ◽  
Opsin Genes

AbstractBackgroundColor vision and phototactic behavior based on opsins are important for the fitness of insects because of their roles in foraging and mate choice. Related topics, including the duplication and loss of opsin genes, have been well investigated in insect orders such as Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Odonata and Orthoptera, and the findings have been used to develop pest management strategies involving light trapping. Mirid bugs of Hemiptera, which are pests that cause heavy economic losses, show capacity for color discrimination and phototaxis. However, the opsins in mirid bugs remain uncharacterized. Herein, we examined five species to investigate the evolution of opsins in the family Miridae.ResultsUsing RNA-seq, we identified several contigs showing high identity with opsins, including four contigs inApolygus lucorumand three contigs each inAdelphocoris suturalis,Adelphocoris fasciaticollis,Adelphocoris lineolatusandNesidiocoris tenuis. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that one of these genes clustered with ultraviolet-sensitive (UV) opsins and that the others clustered with long-wavelength (LW) opsins, suggesting that duplication of LW opsins and loss of blue light-sensitive (B) opsins occurred in mirid bugs. The existence of introns in the LW opsins of mirid bugs suggested that the duplication events were DNA based. Both LW1 and LW2 opsins of mirid bugs were found to be under strong purifying selection. The LW1 opsins were significantly more highly expressed than the LW2 and UV opsins.ConclusionsWe identified the opsins of mirid bugs using five selected mirid species as a representative sample. Phylogenetic analyses clustered one of the genes with UV opsins and the others with LW opsins, suggesting the occurrence of LW opsin duplication and B opsin loss during the evolution of mirid bugs. Intron detection suggested that the identified duplication event was DNA based. The evidence of strong purifying selection and the relatively high expression levels suggested that these opsins exhibit fundamental functions in mirid bugs.

scholarly journals Color preference of the spotted wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Little ◽  
A. Rebecca Rizzato ◽  
Lise Charbonneau ◽  
Thomas Chapman ◽  
N. Kirk Hillier
Keyword(s):  
Color Discrimination ◽  
Host Finding ◽  
Visual Sensitivity ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Color Contrast ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
Sensitivity Range ◽  
Color Opponency ◽  
North And South America

Abstract Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is a significant invasive pest in soft-skin fruits and berries in Asia, Europe, and North and South America. Many herbivorous insects use multiple cues for host selection, particularly olfactory and visual stimuli. The visual system of closely-related Drosophila melanogaster is well-documented, expressing strong sensitivity to short-wavelength colors (ultraviolet to green) and only limited sensitivity to long-wavelength colors (red to infrared). Our results suggest that D. suzukii have limited ability to distinguish red consistent with visual sensitivity range within the melanogaster subgroup. We propose that color contrast rather than color appearance may be of greater importance in orientation and attraction. We propose that differences in reflectance between light wavelengths important for color opponency are key to color discrimination to provide color contrast between foreground and background, as occurs between fruit and foliage, during host-finding.

Activated Prominences; Mechanisms for Activation and Eruption

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 307-313
Author(s):  
D.S. Spicer
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Density Gradient ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Convective Instability ◽  
Tearing Mode ◽  
Magnetic Shear ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
Ideal Mhd ◽  
Gradient Change ◽  
Accelerated Particles

A possible relationship between the hot prominence transition sheath, increased internal turbulent and/or helical motion prior to prominence eruption and the prominence eruption (“disparition brusque”) is discussed. The associated darkening of the filament or brightening of the prominence is interpreted as a change in the prominence’s internal pressure gradient which, if of the correct sign, can lead to short wavelength turbulent convection within the prominence. Associated with such a pressure gradient change may be the alteration of the current density gradient within the prominence. Such a change in the current density gradient may also be due to the relative motion of the neighbouring plages thereby increasing the magnetic shear within the prominence, i.e., steepening the current density gradient. Depending on the magnitude of the current density gradient, i.e., magnetic shear, disruption of the prominence can occur by either a long wavelength ideal MHD helical (“kink”) convective instability and/or a long wavelength resistive helical (“kink”) convective instability (tearing mode). The long wavelength ideal MHD helical instability will lead to helical rotation and thus unwinding due to diamagnetic effects and plasma ejections due to convection. The long wavelength resistive helical instability will lead to both unwinding and plasma ejections, but also to accelerated plasma flow, long wavelength magnetic field filamentation, accelerated particles and long wavelength heating internal to the prominence.

Modern optics of long-wavelength neutrons

1991 ◽  
Vol 161 (11) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.I. Frank
Keyword(s):  
Long Wavelength

Slip And Hall Effects On The Flow Of A Hyperbolic Tangent Fluid Through Porous Medium In A Planar Channel With Peristalsis

GIS Business ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 383-394
Author(s):  
K. Shalini ◽  
K.Rajasekhar
Keyword(s):  
Porous Medium ◽  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Volume Flow Rate ◽  
Perturbation Technique ◽  
Volume Flow ◽  
Planar Channel ◽  
Hyperbolic Tangent ◽  
Closed Form Solutions ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
Hall Effects

In this paper, the effect of Slip and Hall effects on the flow of Hyperbolic tangent fluid through a porous medium in a planar channel with peristalsis under the assumption of long wavelength is investigated. A Closed form solutions are obtained for axial velocity and pressure gradient by employing perturbation technique. The effects of various emerging parameters on the pressure gradient, time averaged volume flow rate and frictional force are discussed with the aid of graphs.

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