Faculty Opinions recommendation of Constitutive presentation of a natural tissue autoantigen exclusively by dendritic cells in the draining lymph node.

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Powrie
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Draining Lymph Node ◽  
Natural Tissue

scholarly journals Regulation of lymph node vascular growth by dendritic cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 203 (8) ◽  
pp. 1903-1913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Webster ◽  
Eric H. Ekland ◽  
Lucila M. Agle ◽  
Susan Chyou ◽  
Regina Ruggieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Endothelial Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Trafficking ◽  
Vascular Growth ◽  
Draining Lymph Node

Lymph nodes grow rapidly and robustly at the initiation of an immune response, and this growth is accompanied by growth of the blood vessels. Although the vessels are critical for supplying nutrients and for controlling cell trafficking, the regulation of lymph node vascular growth is not well understood. We show that lymph node endothelial cells begin to proliferate within 2 d of immunization and undergo a corresponding expansion in cell numbers. Endothelial cell proliferation is dependent on CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs), and the subcutaneous injection of DCs is sufficient to trigger endothelial cell proliferation and growth. Lymph node endothelial cell proliferation is dependent on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and DCs are associated with increased lymph node VEGF levels. DC-induced endothelial cell proliferation and increased VEGF levels are mediated by DC-induced recruitment of blood-borne cells. Vascular growth in the draining lymph node includes the growth of high endothelial venule endothelial cells and is functionally associated with increased cell entry into the lymph node. Collectively, our results suggest a scenario whereby endothelial cell expansion in the draining lymph node is induced by DCs as part of a program that optimizes the microenvironment for the ensuing immune response.

scholarly journals Localization of antigen on lymph node dendritic cells after exposure to the contact sensitizer fluorescein isothiocyanate. Functional and morphological studies.

1987 ◽  
Vol 166 (6) ◽  
pp. 1654-1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
S E Macatonia ◽  
S C Knight ◽  
A J Edwards ◽  
S Griffiths ◽  
P Fryer
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Langerhans Cells ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Draining Lymph Node ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Skin Painting

We have examined the cells involved in the development of contact sensitivity to FITC in CBA mice. After skin painting with antigen, the number of dendritic cells (DC) in the draining lymph nodes increased by 30 min, was maximal at 48 h, and returned to normal by 6 d. Derivation of some DC from Langerhans' cells of the skin was indicated from the presence of Birbeck granules observed in some DC isolated 24 h after skin painting. The DC acquired FITC and by 8 h there were two populations, one highly fluorescent and the other less fluorescent. The highly fluorescent cells were present between 8 h and 3 d after sensitization, and during this period the DC were potent at initiating primary proliferative responses of normal syngeneic T lymphocytes in vitro. Between days 3 and 5 the numbers of lymphocytes in the draining lymph node increased. During this period purified T lymphocytes did not express detectable levels of antigen, but enriched B cell populations expressed antigen transiently on day 1, 2, or 3 after exposure to antigen. The results showed that, during a 3-d period after exposure to antigen, DC expressed antigen and stimulated T cell proliferation. We speculate that low amounts of FITC binding selectively to veiled cells or lymph node DC in the first hours after exposure to antigen are not immunogenic but that Langerhans' cells acquire high levels of antigen, enter the nodes, and initiate immune responses.

scholarly journals Role for Dendritic Cells in Immunoregulation during Experimental Vaginal Candidiasis

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 3213-3221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana M. LeBlanc ◽  
Melissa M. Barousse ◽  
Paul L. Fidel
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Induction Phase ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Activation Markers ◽  
Draining Lymph Node

ABSTRACT Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) caused by the commensal organism Candida albicans remains a significant problem among women of childbearing age, with protection against and susceptibility to infection still poorly understood. While cell-mediated immunity by CD4+ Th1-type cells is protective against most forms of mucosal candidiasis, no protective role for adaptive immunity has been identified against VVC. This is postulated to be due to immunoregulation that prohibits a more profound Candida-specific CD4+ T-cell response against infection. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of dendritic cells (DCs) in the induction phase of the immune response as a means to understand the initiation of the immunoregulatory events. Immunostaining of DCs in sectioned murine lymph nodes draining the vagina revealed a profound cellular reorganization with DCs becoming concentrated in the T-cell zone throughout the course of experimental vaginal Candida infection consistent with cell-mediated immune responsiveness. However, analysis of draining lymph node DC subsets revealed a predominance of immunoregulation-associated CD11c+ B220+ plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) under both uninfected and infected conditions. Staining of vaginal DCs showed the presence of both DEC-205+ and pDCs, with extension of dendrites into the vaginal lumen of infected mice in close contact with Candida. Flow cytometric analysis of draining lymph node DC costimulatory molecules and activation markers from infected mice indicated a lack of upregulation of major histocompatibility complex class II, CD80, CD86, and CD40 during infection, consistent with a tolerizing condition. Together, the results suggest that DCs are involved in the immunoregulatory events manifested during a vaginal Candida infection and potentially through the action of pDCs.

scholarly journals Role of Dendritic Cell Targeting in Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Pathogenesis

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 914-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gene H. MacDonald ◽  
Robert E. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis ◽  
Equine Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Draining Lymph Node

ABSTRACT The initial steps of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE) spread from inoculation in the skin to the draining lymph node have been characterized. By using green fluorescent protein and immunocytochemistry, dendritic cells in the draining lymph node were determined to be the primary target of VEE infection in the first 48 h following inoculation. VEE viral replicon particles, which can undergo only one round of infection, identified Langerhans cells to be the initial set of cells infected by VEE directly following inoculation. These cells are resident dendritic cells in the skin, which migrate to the draining lymph node following activation. A point mutation in the E2 glycoprotein gene of VEE that renders the virus avirulent and compromises its ability to spread beyond the draining lymph blocked the appearance of virally infected dendritic cells in the lymph node in vivo. A second-site suppressor mutation that restores viral spread to lymphoid tissues and partially restore virulence likewise restored the ability of VEE to infect dendritic cells in vivo.

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