Faculty Opinions recommendation of Photosynthetic control of atmospheric carbonyl sulfide during the growing season.

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Dungan
Keyword(s):  
Carbonyl Sulfide ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Photosynthetic Control

scholarly journals Photosynthetic Control of Atmospheric Carbonyl Sulfide During the Growing Season

Science ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 322 (5904) ◽  
pp. 1085-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Campbell ◽  
G. R. Carmichael ◽  
T. Chai ◽  
M. Mena-Carrasco ◽  
Y. Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbonyl Sulfide ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Photosynthetic Control

scholarly journals Soil fluxes of carbonyl sulfide (COS), carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide in a boreal forest in southern Finland

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 1363-1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Sun ◽  
Linda M. J. Kooijmans ◽  
Kadmiel Maseyk ◽  
Huilin Chen ◽  
Ivan Mammarella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Carbonyl Sulfide ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Scots Pine Forest ◽  
Microbial Groups

Abstract. Soil is a major contributor to the biosphere–atmosphere exchange of carbonyl sulfide (COS) and carbon monoxide (CO). COS is a tracer with which to quantify terrestrial photosynthesis based on the coupled leaf uptake of COS and CO2, but such use requires separating soil COS flux, which is unrelated to photosynthesis, from ecosystem COS uptake. For CO, soil is a significant natural sink that influences the tropospheric CO budget. In the boreal forest, magnitudes and variabilities of soil COS and CO fluxes remain poorly understood. We measured hourly soil fluxes of COS, CO, and CO2 over the 2015 late growing season (July to November) in a Scots pine forest in Hyytiälä, Finland. The soil acted as a net sink of COS and CO, with average uptake rates around 3 pmol m−2 s−1 for COS and 1 nmol m−2 s−1 for CO. Soil respiration showed seasonal dynamics controlled by soil temperature, peaking at around 4 µmol m−2 s−1 in late August and September and dropping to 1–2 µmol m−2 s−1 in October. In contrast, seasonal variations of COS and CO fluxes were weak and mainly driven by soil moisture changes through diffusion limitation. COS and CO fluxes did not appear to respond to temperature variation, although they both correlated well with soil respiration in specific temperature bins. However, COS : CO2 and CO : CO2 flux ratios increased with temperature, suggesting possible shifts in active COS- and CO-consuming microbial groups. Our results show that soil COS and CO fluxes do not have strong variations over the late growing season in this boreal forest and can be represented with the fluxes during the photosynthetically most active period. Well-characterized and relatively invariant soil COS fluxes strengthen the case for using COS as a photosynthetic tracer in boreal forests.

scholarly journals Evaluation of carbonyl sulfide biosphere exchange in the Simple Biosphere Model (SiB4)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 6547-6565
Author(s):  
Linda M. J. Kooijmans ◽  
Ara Cho ◽  
Jin Ma ◽  
Aleya Kaushik ◽  
Katherine D. Haynes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Carbonyl Sulfide ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Accurate Representation ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Biosphere Model

Abstract. The uptake of carbonyl sulfide (COS) by terrestrial plants is linked to photosynthetic uptake of CO2 as these gases partly share the same uptake pathway. Applying COS as a photosynthesis tracer in models requires an accurate representation of biosphere COS fluxes, but these models have not been extensively evaluated against field observations of COS fluxes. In this paper, the COS flux as simulated by the Simple Biosphere Model, version 4 (SiB4), is updated with the latest mechanistic insights and evaluated with site observations from different biomes: one evergreen needleleaf forest, two deciduous broadleaf forests, three grasslands, and two crop fields spread over Europe and North America. We improved SiB4 in several ways to improve its representation of COS. To account for the effect of atmospheric COS mole fractions on COS biosphere uptake, we replaced the fixed atmospheric COS mole fraction boundary condition originally used in SiB4 with spatially and temporally varying COS mole fraction fields. Seasonal amplitudes of COS mole fractions are ∼50–200 ppt at the investigated sites with a minimum mole fraction in the late growing season. Incorporating seasonal variability into the model reduces COS uptake rates in the late growing season, allowing better agreement with observations. We also replaced the empirical soil COS uptake model in SiB4 with a mechanistic model that represents both uptake and production of COS in soils, which improves the match with observations over agricultural fields and fertilized grassland soils. The improved version of SiB4 was capable of simulating the diurnal and seasonal variation in COS fluxes in the boreal, temperate, and Mediterranean region. Nonetheless, the daytime vegetation COS flux is underestimated on average by 8±27 %, albeit with large variability across sites. On a global scale, our model modifications decreased the modeled COS terrestrial biosphere sink from 922 Gg S yr−1 in the original SiB4 to 753 Gg S yr−1 in the updated version. The largest decrease in fluxes was driven by lower atmospheric COS mole fractions over regions with high productivity, which highlights the importance of accounting for variations in atmospheric COS mole fractions. The change to a different soil model, on the other hand, had a relatively small effect on the global biosphere COS sink. The secondary role of the modeled soil component in the global COS budget supports the use of COS as a global photosynthesis tracer. A more accurate representation of COS uptake in SiB4 should allow for improved application of atmospheric COS as a tracer of local- to global-scale terrestrial photosynthesis.

scholarly journals Seasonal fluxes of carbonyl sulfide in a midlatitude forest

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (46) ◽  
pp. 14162-14167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Róisín Commane ◽  
Laura K. Meredith ◽  
Ian T. Baker ◽  
Joseph A. Berry ◽  
J. William Munger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Carbonyl Sulfide ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Simple Estimate ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Summer Minimum ◽  
Ecosystem Flux

Carbonyl sulfide (OCS), the most abundant sulfur gas in the atmosphere, has a summer minimum associated with uptake by vegetation and soils, closely correlated with CO2. We report the first direct measurements to our knowledge of the ecosystem flux of OCS throughout an annual cycle, at a mixed temperate forest. The forest took up OCS during most of the growing season with an overall uptake of 1.36 ± 0.01 mol OCS per ha (43.5 ± 0.5 g S per ha, 95% confidence intervals) for the year. Daytime fluxes accounted for 72% of total uptake. Both soils and incompletely closed stomata in the canopy contributed to nighttime fluxes. Unexpected net OCS emission occurred during the warmest weeks in summer. Many requirements necessary to use fluxes of OCS as a simple estimate of photosynthesis were not met because OCS fluxes did not have a constant relationship with photosynthesis throughout an entire day or over the entire year. However, OCS fluxes provide a direct measure of ecosystem-scale stomatal conductance and mesophyll function, without relying on measures of soil evaporation or leaf temperature, and reveal previously unseen heterogeneity of forest canopy processes. Observations of OCS flux provide powerful, independent means to test and refine land surface and carbon cycle models at the ecosystem scale.

scholarly journals Soil fluxes of carbonyl sulfide (COS), carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide in a boreal forest in southern Finland

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Sun ◽  
Linda M. J. Kooijmans ◽  
Kadmiel Maseyk ◽  
Huilin Chen ◽  
Ivan Mammarella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Carbonyl Sulfide ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Scots Pine Forest ◽  
Microbial Groups

Abstract. Soil is a major contributor to the biosphere–atmosphere exchange of carbonyl sulfide (COS) and carbon monoxide (CO). COS is used to improve constraints on terrestrial photosynthesis based on the link between leaf uptake of COS and of CO2, but this use requires the soil COS flux to be well quantified. For CO, soil is a main sink in natural environments that influences the tropospheric CO budget. We measured soil fluxes of COS, CO, and CO2 hourly over the 2015 late growing season in a Scots pine forest in Hyytiälä, Finland. The soil acted as a net sink of COS and CO. Average uptake rates were around 3 pmol m−2 s−1 for COS, and 1 nmol m−2 s−1 for CO, respectively. Soil respiration showed seasonal dynamics controlled by soil temperature, peaking in late August and September with fluxes around 4 μmol m−2 s−1 and dropping to 1–2 μmol m−2 s−1 in October. In contrast, seasonal variations of COS and CO fluxes were weak and mainly driven by soil moisture changes through diffusion limitation. COS and CO fluxes did not appear to respond to temperature, although they both correlated well with soil respiration in specific temperature bins. We found that COS : CO2 and CO : CO2 flux ratios were modulated by temperature, possibly indicating shifts in active COS and CO-consuming microbial groups. Our results show that soil COS and CO uptake do not have strong variations over the late growing season in the boreal forest, and can be well described during the photosynthetically most active period. Well characterized and relatively invariant soil COS fluxes strengthen the case for using COS as a tracer for photosynthesis in this globally important biome.

scholarly journals Ecosystem fluxes of carbonyl sulfide in an old-growth forest: temporal dynamics and responses to diffuse radiation and heat waves

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharat Rastogi ◽  
Max Berkelhammer ◽  
Sonia Wharton ◽  
Mary E. Whelan ◽  
Frederick C. Meinzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Carbonyl Sulfide ◽  
Diffuse Radiation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Global Carbon

Abstract. Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) has recently emerged as a tracer for terrestrial carbon uptake. While physiological studies relating OCS fluxes to leaf stomatal dynamics have been established at leaf and branch scales and incorporated in global carbon cycle models, the quantity of data from ecosystem-scale field studies remains limited. In this study we employ established theoretical relationships to infer ecosystem-scale OCS uptake from concentration measurements. OCS uptake was found to scale with independent measurements of CO2 fluxes over a 60-m-tall old-growth forest in the Pacific Northwestern U.S. (45°49′13.76′′ N; 121°57′06.88′′) at hourly and monthly timescales across the growing season in 2015. OCS fluxes tracked changes in soil moisture, and were strongly influenced by the fraction of downwelling diffuse light. Fluxes were also strongly affected by sequential heat waves during the growing season. Our results bolster previous evidence that ecosystem OCS uptake is strongly related to stomatal dynamics, and measuring this gas improves constraints on estimating photosynthetic rates at the ecosystem scale.

scholarly journals Influences of light and humidity on carbonyl sulfide-based estimates of photosynthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (7) ◽  
pp. 2470-2475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda M. J. Kooijmans ◽  
Wu Sun ◽  
Juho Aalto ◽  
Kukka-Maaria Erkkilä ◽  
Kadmiel Maseyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Carbonyl Sulfide ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Light Responses ◽  
Diurnal Dynamics ◽  
Internal Conductance ◽  
Climate Controls ◽  
Relative Uptake

Understanding climate controls on gross primary productivity (GPP) is crucial for accurate projections of the future land carbon cycle. Major uncertainties exist due to the challenge in separating GPP and respiration from observations of the carbon dioxide (CO2) flux. Carbonyl sulfide (COS) has a dominant vegetative sink, and plant COS uptake is used to infer GPP through the leaf relative uptake (LRU) ratio of COS to CO2 fluxes. However, little is known about variations of LRU under changing environmental conditions and in different phenological stages. We present COS and CO2 fluxes and LRU of Scots pine branches measured in a boreal forest in Finland during the spring recovery and summer. We find that the diurnal dynamics of COS uptake is mainly controlled by stomatal conductance, but the leaf internal conductance could significantly limit the COS uptake during the daytime and early in the season. LRU varies with light due to the differential light responses of COS and CO2 uptake, and with vapor pressure deficit (VPD) in the peak growing season, indicating a humidity-induced stomatal control. Our COS-based GPP estimates show that it is essential to incorporate the variability of LRU with environmental variables for accurate estimation of GPP on ecosystem, regional, and global scales.

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