Faculty Opinions recommendation of Topographic modulation of the orientation and shape of cell nuclei and their influence on the measured elastic modulus of epithelial cells.

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Lockett
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Nuclei

scholarly journals Topographic Modulation of the Orientation and Shape of Cell Nuclei and Their Influence on the Measured Elastic Modulus of Epithelial Cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (9) ◽  
pp. 2139-2146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton T. McKee ◽  
Vijay K. Raghunathan ◽  
Paul F. Nealey ◽  
Paul Russell ◽  
Christopher J. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Nuclei

Intranuclear Crystals in Regenerating Canine Kidneys

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 412-413
Author(s):  
D.G. Osborne ◽  
L.J. McCormack ◽  
M.O. Magnusson ◽  
W.S. Kiser
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Tubular Epithelial Cell ◽  
Tubular Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Crystalline Structures ◽  
Small Crystals ◽  
Membrane Bound

During a project in which regenerative changes were studied in autotransplanted canine kidneys, intranuclear crystals were seen in a small number of tubular epithelial cells. These crystalline structures were seen in the control specimens and also in regenerating specimens; the main differences being in size and number of them. The control specimens showed a few tubular epithelial cell nuclei almost completely occupied by large crystals that were not membrane bound. Subsequent follow-up biopsies of the same kidneys contained similar intranuclear crystals but of a much smaller size. Some of these nuclei contained several small crystals. The small crystals occurred at one week following transplantation and were seen even four weeks following transplantation. As time passed, the small crystals appeared to fuse to form larger crystals.

Effects of hempa on the gonads of Locusta Migratoria (L.) (Orthoptera, Acrididae)

1976 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishwa Nath ◽  
P. K. Mittal ◽  
Chander Sheikher
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Germinal Vesicle ◽  
Empty Space ◽  
Follicular Epithelium ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Yolk Formation ◽  
Multinucleated Cells ◽  
Follicular Epithelial Cell ◽  
Follicular Epithelial

AbstractOnly a very strong dose of 0·5 mg of hempa caused necrosis in testes of Locusta migratoria (L.). The apical cells, spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes became pycnotic and the germ cells were disorganised. Multinucleated cells also developed, due to failure of spindle formation, and a few hypertrophied spermatids occurred. In ovaries the chromatin of the follicular epithelial cell nuclei was abnormally fragmented; nuclei of the follicular epithelial cells became pycnotic; germinal vesicle was badly damaged; cytoplasm of the follicular epithelial cells was drawn into the peripheral empty space formed by the contraction of the ooplasm; the follicular epithelium degenerated later; and yolk formation was inhibited. With increased doses and post-treatment periods necrosis became more marked. Hempa was more effective in the ovary than in the testes of L. migratoria.

scholarly journals Kymographic Imaging of the Elastic Modulus of Epithelial Cells during the Onset of Migration

2015 ◽  
Vol 109 (10) ◽  
pp. 2051-2057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esra Roan ◽  
Kristina R. Wilhelm ◽  
Christopher M. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Epithelial Cells

scholarly journals Hyperoxia Increases Elastic Modulus of Alveolar Epithelial Cells Through Rho Kinase

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina R. Wilhelm ◽  
Esra Roan ◽  
Christopher M. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Rho Kinase ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial Cells ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial

scholarly journals Chomatin mass from previously aggregated, pyknotic, and fragmented monolayer nuclei is a source for dome cell nuclei generated by amitosis: Differentiation of Ishikawa Domes, Part 3

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honoree Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Nuclear Structure ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Vacuole Formation ◽  
Hematoxylin Staining ◽  
Cavity Filling ◽  
Irregular Mass ◽  
Endometrial Epithelial Cells

Ishikawa endometrial epithelial cells are capable of differentiation from monolayer cells into fluid-enclosing hemispheres through a surprisingly complex series of structural changes as discussed in this and in two accompanying papers (Fleming, 2016a; Fleming 2016b). The process starts with the dissolution of cell membranes in defined regions throughout a monolayer that has been stimulated to differentiate (Fleming, 1995). Aggregated nuclei become wrapped in membranes containing mitochondrial carboxylases, and apparently generated by contiguous mitochondria. These mitonucleons are involved in vacuole formation that elevates the syncytium into a predome (Fleming, 2015a). The mitonucleons begin to fall apart several hours after formation as the enveloping membranes are breached and the pyknotic chromatin undergoes profound changes (Fleming, 2015b). Chromatin deconstruction, with attendant disappearance of the typical ovoid nuclear structure, results in chromatin fibers that fill the envelope formed by the apical and basal membranes of the syncytium, now stretching over a cavity filling with fluid. In the next several hours, hematoxylin staining, greatly diminished when nuclei were fragmented, reappears in an irregular mass of chromatin out of which nuclei form amitotically and increase in numbers until they fill the envelope. Subsequently cell membranes form around the nuclei. Domes can enlarge and even extend into tubules by becoming vacuolized and undergoing the same amitotic process that created the dome initially.

scholarly journals Hyperoxia increases the elastic modulus of alveolar epithelial cells through Rho kinase

FEBS Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 281 (3) ◽  
pp. 957-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina R. Wilhelm ◽  
Esra Roan ◽  
Manik C. Ghosh ◽  
Kaushik Parthasarathi ◽  
Christopher M. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Rho Kinase ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial Cells ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial

Nanomechanical Probes of Single Corneal Epithelial Cells: Shear Stress and Elastic Modulus

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joelle P. Straehla ◽  
F. T. Limpoco ◽  
Natalia V. Dolgova ◽  
Benjamin G. Keselowsky ◽  
W. Gregory Sawyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Corneal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Corneal Epithelial

scholarly journals Ouabain activates the Na-K-ATPase signalosome to induce autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease cell proliferation

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (4) ◽  
pp. F897-F906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anh-Nguyet T. Nguyen ◽  
Kyle Jansson ◽  
Gladis Sánchez ◽  
Madhulika Sharma ◽  
Gail A. Reif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Polycystic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Renal Cysts ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Polycystic Kidney ◽  
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney

The Na-K-ATPase is part of a cell signaling complex, the Na-K-ATPase signalosome, which upon activation by the hormone ouabain regulates the function of different cell types. We previously showed that ouabain induces proliferation of epithelial cells derived from renal cysts of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD cells). Here, we investigated the signaling pathways responsible for mediating the effects of ouabain in these cells. Incubation of ADPKD cells with ouabain, in concentrations similar to those found in blood, stimulated phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and promoted its association to the Na-K-ATPase. In addition, ouabain activated the kinase Src, but not the related kinase Fyn. Tyrphostin AG1478 and PP2, inhibitors of EGFR and Src, respectively, blocked ouabain-dependent ADPKD cell proliferation. Treatment of ADPKD cells with ouabain also caused phosphorylation of the caveolar protein caveolin-1, and disruption of cell caveolae with methyl-β-cyclodextrin prevented Na-K-ATPase-EGFR interaction and ouabain-induced proliferation of the cells. Downstream effects of ouabain in ADPKD cells included activation of B-Raf and MEK and phosphorylation of the extracellular regulated kinase ERK, which translocated into the ADPKD cell nuclei. Finally, ouabain reduced expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27, which are suppressors of cell proliferation. Different from ADPKD cells, ouabain showed no significant effect on B-Raf, p21, and p27 in normal human kidney epithelial cells. Altogether, these results identify intracellular pathways of ouabain-dependent Na-K-ATPase-mediated signaling in ADPKD cells, including EGFR-Src-B-Raf-MEK/ERK, and establish novel mechanisms involved in ADPKD cell proliferation.

Immunolocalisation of oestrogen receptor beta in human tissues

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
AH Taylor ◽  
F Al-Azzawi
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Oestrogen Receptor ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Protein Receptors

Oestrogens exert their actions via specific nuclear protein receptors that are members of the steroid/thyroid receptor superfamily of transcription factors. Recently, a second oestrogen receptor (ERbeta) has been cloned, and using reverse transcription-PCR and immunohistochemistry it has been shown to have a wide tissue distribution in the rat that is distinct from the classical oestrogen receptor, ERalpha. Using commercial polyclonal antisera against peptides specific to human ERbeta, we have determined the sites of ERbeta expression in archival and formalin-fixed human tissue and compared its expression with that of ERalpha. ERbeta was localised to the cell nuclei of a wide range of normal adult human tissues including ovary, Fallopian tube, uterus, lung, kidney, brain, heart, prostate and testis. In the ovary, ERbeta was present in multiple cell types including granulosa cells in small, medium and large follicles, theca and corpora lutea, whereas ERalpha was weakly expressed in the nuclei of granulosa cells, but not in the theca nor in the copora lutea. In the endometrium, both ERalpha and ERbeta were observed in luminal epithelial cells and in the nuclei of stromal cells but, significantly, ERbeta was weak or absent from endometrial glandular epithelia. Epithelial cells in most male tissues including the prostate, the urothelium and muscle layers of the bladder, and Sertoli cells in the testis, were also immunopositive for ERbeta. Significant ERbeta immunoreactivity was detected in most areas of the brain, with the exception of the hippocampus - a tissue that stained positively for ERalpha. In conclusion, the almost ubiquitous immunohistochemical localisation of ERbeta indicates that ERbeta may play a major role in the mediation of oestrogen action. The differential expression of ERalpha and ERbeta in some of these tissues suggests a more complex control mechanism in oestrogenic potential than originally envisioned.

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