Faculty Opinions recommendation of HIV infection, immunodeficiency, viral replication, and the risk of cancer.

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Goedert
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

scholarly journals HIV Infection, Immunodeficiency, Viral Replication, and the Risk of Cancer

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2551-2559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Silverberg ◽  
Chun Chao ◽  
Wendy A. Leyden ◽  
Lanfang Xu ◽  
Michael A. Horberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

CXCL16 in HIV infection - a link between inflammation and viral replication

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 1017-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Landrø ◽  
J. K. Damås ◽  
B. Halvorsen ◽  
B. Fevang ◽  
T. Ueland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Viral Replication

scholarly journals A New Perspective on HIV Diagnostics: Reinterpretation in the Age of Early Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila M. Keating
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Early Treatment ◽  
Clinical Microbiology ◽  
Link Type ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Hiv Diagnostics ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Early treatment of HIV infection with antiretroviral therapy in recently identified HIV-infected individuals reduces viral replication and decreases the risk of transmission. The screening and supplemental, confirmatory assays used to identify infection are influenced by early treatment and may obscure a clear diagnosis of HIV infection. In this issue of the Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Manak et al. demonstrate the impact of antiretroviral therapy on the evolution of biomarkers that have traditionally been used for identifying HIV infection (M. M. Manak, L. L. Jagodzinski, A. Shutt, J. A. Malia, et al., J Clin Microbiol 57:e00757-19, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00757-19).

scholarly journals Characterization of an Effective CTL Response against HIV and SIV Infections

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meritxell Genescà
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Ctl Response ◽  
Mucosal Tissues ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Face ◽  
Portal Of Entry

A vaccine inducing protective immunity in mucosal tissues and secretions may stop or limit HIV infection. Although cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are clearly associated with control of viral replication in HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infections, there are examples of uncontrolled viral replication in the face of strong CD8+T-cell responses. The number of functions, breadth, avidity, and magnitude of CTL response are likely to be important factors in the effectiveness of anti-HIV T-cell response, but the location and persistence of effector CD8+T cells are also critical factors. Although the only HIV vaccine clinical trial targeting cellular immunity to prevent HIV infection failed, vaccine strategies using persistent agents against pathogenic mucosal challenge in macaque models are showing unique success. Thus, the key to control the initial focus of viral replication at the portal of entry may rely on the continuous generation of effector CTL responses at mucosal level.

scholarly journals Predicting risk of cancer during HIV infection

AIDS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1433-1441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro H. Borges ◽  
Michael J. Silverberg ◽  
Deborah Wentworth ◽  
Andrew E. Grulich ◽  
Gerd Fätkenheuer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

scholarly journals Stable expression of transdominant Rev protein in human T cells inhibits human immunodeficiency virus replication.

1992 ◽  
Vol 176 (4) ◽  
pp. 1197-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
M H Malim ◽  
W W Freimuth ◽  
J Liu ◽  
T J Boyle ◽  
H K Lyerly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
T Cell Function ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Rev Protein

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Rev protein is essential for viral structural protein expression (Gag, Pol, and Env) and, hence, for viral replication. In transient transfection assays, mutant forms of Rev have been identified that inhibit wild-type Rev activity and therefore suppress viral replication. To determine whether such transdominant Rev proteins could provide long-term protection against HIV infection without affecting T cell function, T leukemia cell lines were stably transduced with a retroviral vector encoding a transdominant mutant of the Rev protein, M10. While all the M10-expressing cell lines remained infectable by HIV-1, these same cells failed to support a productive replication cycle when infected with a cloned isolate of HIV-1. In addition, two out of three M10-expressing CEM clones were also resistant to highly productive infection by a heterogeneous HIV-1 pool. Expression of M10 did not affect induction of HIV transcription mediated by the kappa B regulatory element or Tat. Importantly, constitutive expression of Rev M10 did not alter the secretion of interleukin 2 in response to mitogen stimulation of EL-4 and Jurkat cells. The inhibition of HIV infection in cells stably expressing a transdominant Rev protein, in the absence of any deleterious effect on T cell function, suggests that such a strategy could provide a therapeutic effect in the T lymphocytes of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients.

Cancer risk of aged people with HIV infection and of transplant people

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 20063-20063
Author(s):  
D. Serraino ◽  
P. Piselli ◽  
G. Busnach ◽  
F. Citterio ◽  
L. Fratino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
The Impact

20063 Background: Acquired immunesuppression due to HIV-infection or to anti-rejection therapies following organ transplantation is a well known risk factor for cancer. This increased risk has been well documented for young adults, whereas few data are available on older persons. In this study, we assessed the impact of cancer in HIV-positive persons (HIV+) and in transplant persons (TRP) who were 50 years of age or older. Methods: Data from a multi-cohort study conducted in Italy and France were analysed. Individuals ≥50 years of age were selected from the original study group constituted by 2002 HIV+ seroconverters from Italy, 6072 HIV+ from France and 2755 Italian TRP (1844 kidney, 702 heart, 159 liver and 50 lung TRP). Sex- and age-standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed to quantify the cancer risk as compared to the general population. Among HIV+, the risk of cancer was also assessed according to treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART). Results: This analysis was based on 94 cancers diagnosed in 833 HIV+, and on 154 cancers diagnosed in 1558 TRP ≥50 years of age. The SIRs for all cancers decreased with ageing, ranging from 5.1 (95% CI: 4.0–6.5) in HIV+ aged 50–59 to 2.1 (95% CI: 1.4–3.1) in HIV+ aged 60 or older. In TRP, the SIRs for all cancer were 2.5 (95% CI:2.0–3.1) and 1.6 (95% CI: 1.2–2.0), respectively. In HIV+, the protective effect of HAART was more evident in those aged 50–59 (SIR = 6.8 in never treated and SIR = 2.4 in ever treated) than in HIV+ aged ≥60 (SIR = 2.8 and SIR = 1.6, respectively). This pattern of cancer occurrence was peculiar to virus-related cancers (e.g., Kaposi’s sarcoma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, liver cancer). SIRs for lung cancer in both groups were significantly increased but did not significantly differ according to HAART and/or age. The survival of both HIV+ and TRP was significantly reduced by the diagnosis of cancer, but the difference in survival was not associated with ageing (p = 0.20). Conclusions: Aged individuals with acquired immunesuppression have a cancer pattern similar to younger persons with immunosuppression, but the burden of cancer will increase in absolute terms because of the increasing proportion of older individuals among both HIV+ and TRP. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

2-day versus 5-day famciclovir as treatment of recurrences of genital herpes: results of the FaST study

Sexual Health ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Bodsworth ◽  
Mark Bloch ◽  
Anna McNulty ◽  
Ian Denham ◽  
Nicholas Doong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Genital Herpes ◽  
Confidence Limit ◽  
Daily Functioning ◽  
Recurrent Genital Herpes ◽  
Prodromal Symptoms ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Intent To Treat

Background: The brief period of viral replication in recurrent genital herpes lesions suggests shorter therapeutic regimens may be as effective as standard 5-day courses. Objective: To demonstrate that a 2-day course of famciclovir 500 mg statim, then 250 mg twice daily was non-inferior to the standard 5-day course of 125 mg twice daily. Methods: Patients were randomly assigned either the 2-day or 5-day famciclovir course and initiated therapy within 12 h of onset of prodromal symptoms. They were instructed to complete daily questionnaires on herpes-related symptoms and functioning and to attend the clinic for assessment of healing 5.5 days after initiating therapy. Results: A total of 873 patients were randomised at least once and 1038 recurrences were treated. The proportion of evaluable recurrences with lesions present at 5.5 days was less in the 2-day arm (24%) than in the 5-day (28%) arm. The upper 97.5% confidence limit (CL) for this difference in favour of the 2-day arm was 2% in favour of the 5-day arm, well within the 10% predefined for non-inferiority. The upper 97.5% CL was similar in the intent-to-treat, evaluable and per-protocol recurrence populations and when adjusted for baseline differences (in gender, age, herpes history and HIV infection) or for clustering of recurrences within patients. Both treatments had similar side-effects; proportion of lesions aborted; time to next recurrence; patient-reported symptoms; and impact on daily functioning. Conclusions: The 2-day course was as safe and effective as the standard 5-day course and can only enhance patient convenience and compliance.

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