Faculty Opinions recommendation of Predicting pain and disability in patients with hand fractures: comparing pain anxiety, anxiety sensitivity and pain catastrophizing.

Background. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis may experience increased negative outcomes if they exhibit specific patterns of dispositional affect.Objective. To identify subgroups of patients with rheumatoid arthritis based on dispositional affect. The secondary objective was to compare mood, pain catastrophizing, fear of pain, disability, and quality of life between subgroups.Methods. Outpatients from a rheumatology clinic were categorized into subgroups by a cluster analysis based on dispositional affect. Differences in outcomes were compared between clusters through multivariate analysis of covariance.Results. 227 patients were divided into two subgroups. Cluster 1 (n=85) included patients reporting significantly higher scores on all dispositional variables (experiential avoidance, anxiety sensitivity, worry, fear of pain, and perfectionism; allp<0.001) compared to patients in Cluster 2 (n=142). Patients in Cluster 1 also reported significantly greater mood impairment, pain anxiety sensitivity, and pain catastrophizing (allp<0.001). Clusters did not differ on quality of life or disability.Conclusions. The present study identifies a subgroup of rheumatoid arthritis patients who score significantly higher on dispositional affect and report increased mood impairment, pain anxiety sensitivity, and pain catastrophizing. Considering dispositional affect within subgroups of patients with RA may help health professionals tailor interventions for the specific stressors that these patients experience.

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Persistent Pain in a Community-Based Sample of Children and Adolescents: Sex Differences in Psychological Constructs

Pain Research and Management ◽

10.1155/2011/534652 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 303-309 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Samantha Fuss ◽

M Gabrielle Pagé ◽

Joel Katz

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Anxiety Sensitivity ◽

Pain Catastrophizing ◽

Childhood Anxiety ◽

Persistent Pain ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Sensitivity Index ◽

Psychological Variables ◽

Pain Anxiety ◽

Pain History

BACKGROUND: Very few studies have investigated the psychological factors associated with the pain experiences of children and adolescents in community samples.OBJECTIVES: To examine the lifetime prevalence of, and psychological variables associated with, persistent pain in a community sample of children and adolescents, and to explore differences according to sex, age and pain history.METHODS: Participants completed the Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index (CASI), the Child Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (CPASS), the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children-10 (MASC-10), the Pain Catastrophizing Scale for Children (PCS-C) and a pain history questionnaire that assessed chronicity and pain frequency. After research ethics board approval, informed consent/assent was obtained from 1022 individuals recruited to participate in a study conducted at the Ontario Science Centre (Toronto, Ontario).RESULTS: Of the 1006 participants (54% female, mean [± SD] age 11.6±2.7 years) who provided complete data, 27% reported having experienced pain that lasted for three months or longer. A 2×2×2 (pain history, age and sex) multivariate ANOVA was conducted, with the total scores on the CASI, the CPASS, the MASC-10 and the PCS-C as dependent variables. Girls with a history of persistent pain expressed higher levels of anxiety sensitivity (P<0.001) and pain catastrophizing (P<0.001) than both girls without a pain history and boys regardless of pain history. This same pattern of results was found for anxiety and pain anxiety in the older, but not the younger, age group.CONCLUSIONS: Boys and girls appear to differ in terms of how age and pain history relate to the expression of pain-related psychological variables. Given the prevalence of persistent pain found in the study, more research is needed regarding the developmental implications of persistent pain in childhood and adolescence.

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Pain anxiety among chronic pain patients: specific phobia or manifestation of anxiety sensitivity?

Behaviour Research and Therapy ◽

10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00009-8 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 223-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Jordan Greenberg ◽

John W Burns

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pain ◽

Anxiety Sensitivity ◽

Specific Phobia ◽

Pain Anxiety ◽

Chronic Pain Patients ◽

Pain Patients

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Pain Catastrophizing in Patients with Noncardiac Chest Pain: Relationships With Pain, Anxiety, and Disability

Psychosomatic Medicine ◽

10.1097/psy.0b013e3181b49584 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 71 (8) ◽

pp. 861-868 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Rebecca A. Shelby ◽

Tamara J. Somers ◽

Francis J. Keefe ◽

Susan G. Silva ◽

Daphne C. McKee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chest Pain ◽

Pain Catastrophizing ◽

Noncardiac Chest Pain ◽

Pain Anxiety

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Fear of pain in pediatric headache

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1177/0333102414534084 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 36-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Laura E Simons ◽

Melissa Pielech ◽

Stefanie Cappucci ◽

Alyssa Lebel

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Sensitivity ◽

Functional Disability ◽

Pain Catastrophizing ◽

School Functioning ◽

Fear Of Pain ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pain Acceptance ◽

Pediatric Headache ◽

Activity Avoidance ◽

Headache Patients

Objective The current study provides the first measure of pain-related fear for pediatric headache patients. Methods From a large pediatric headache clinic, a cross-sectional cohort of 206 children and adolescents completed measures of pain-related fear, anxiety sensitivity, catastrophizing, pain acceptance, functional disability, and school functioning. Results The two-factor solution of the Fear of Pain Questionnaire (FOPQ) was confirmed from the originally derived structure with pediatric headache patients. Simultaneously regressing FOPQ subscales fear of pain and activity avoidance on theorized construct validity measures demonstrated that fear of pain was more closely linked with anxiety sensitivity and pain catastrophizing while activity avoidance had a strong negative association with pain acceptance (activity engagement and pain willingness). Pain-related fear was not significantly associated with pain level. After controlling for demographic factors and pain, fear of pain and activity avoidance accounted for an additional 26% of the variance in functional disability and school functioning outcomes, with activity avoidance accounting for much of this relationship. Conclusions Although typically considered an influential construct among musculoskeletal patients, pain-related fear is also an important factor influencing functioning among pediatric headache patients, with the dimension of activity avoidance particularly salient.

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Pain Catastrophizing Mediates the Relationship Between Self-Reported Strenuous Exercise Involvement and Pain Ratings: Moderating Role of Anxiety Sensitivity

Psychosomatic Medicine ◽

10.1097/psy.0b013e3181bc62ba ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 71 (9) ◽

pp. 1018-1025 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Burel R. Goodin ◽

Lynanne M. McGuire ◽

Laura M. Stapleton ◽

Noel B. Quinn ◽

Lacy A. Fabian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Sensitivity ◽

Pain Catastrophizing ◽

Strenuous Exercise ◽

Pain Ratings ◽

The Relationship ◽

Moderating Role

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A Pilot Study on the Effectiveness of a Heat-Pain Stimulus to Induce Pain, Anxiety, and Fear

10.20944/preprints201702.0090.v1 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Guillaume Durand

Keyword(s):

Pain Catastrophizing ◽

Emotional Responses ◽

Small Sample ◽

Pain Stimulus ◽

Pain Anxiety ◽

Heat Stimulus ◽

Electric Shocks ◽

Fear And Anxiety ◽

Delayed Punishment ◽

Undergraduate Men

While the majority of previous studies assessing pain-related variables in psychopaths used electric shocks, little is known about the effectiveness of alternative pain-inducing methods to increase emotional responses such as fear and anxiety. A small sample of healthy undergraduate men (N = 15) was recruited to assess the effectiveness of a heat stimulus to induce pain in an immediate versus delayed punishment paradigm. Although pain catastrophizing, anxiety, and threat of pain did not increase throughout the experiment, participants experienced a significant increase of fear of pain and pain intensity, indicating that the heat stimulus was effective in inducing pain. Furthermore, subjects were slower in initiating the pain stimulus during the first five trials, but no time difference was found during the 15 remaining trials. No correlation was found between psychopathic traits and pain-related variables, with the exception of inconsistent results within the Fearless Dominance factor. Findings are discussed in terms of improvement for a larger scale study involving psychopathic individuals.

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Assessment of Pain Anxiety, Pain Catastrophizing, and Fear of Pain in Children and Adolescents With Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Journal of Pediatric Psychology ◽

10.1093/jpepsy/jsx103 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 314-325 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Emma Fisher ◽

Lauren C Heathcote ◽

Christopher Eccleston ◽

Laura E Simons ◽

Tonya M Palermo

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Chronic Pain ◽

Pain Intensity ◽

Pain Catastrophizing ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Generalized Anxiety ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Fear Of Pain ◽

Pain Anxiety

Abstract Objective To conduct a systematic review of pain anxiety, pain catastrophizing, and fear of pain measures psychometrically established in youth with chronic pain. The review addresses three specific aims: (1) to identify measures used in youth with chronic pain, summarizing their content, psychometric properties, and use; (2) to use evidence-based assessment criteria to rate each measure according to the Society of Pediatric Psychology (SPP) guidelines; (3) to pool data across studies for meta-analysis of shared variance in psychometric performance in relation to the primary outcomes of pain intensity, disability, generalized anxiety, and depression. Methods We searched Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and relevant literature for possible studies to include. We identified measures studied in youth with chronic pain that assessed pain anxiety, pain catastrophizing, or fear of pain and extracted the item-level content. Study and participant characteristics, and correlation data were extracted for summary and meta-analysis, and measures were rated using the SPP evidence-based assessment criteria. Results Fifty-four studies (84 papers) met the inclusion criteria, including seven relevant measures: one assessed pain anxiety, three pain catastrophizing, and three fear of pain. Overall, five measures were rated as “well established.” We conducted meta-analyses on four measures with available data. We found significant positive correlations with the variables pain intensity, disability, generalized anxiety, and depression. Conclusion Seven measures are available to assess pain anxiety, pain catastrophizing, and fear of pain in young people with chronic pain, and most are well established. We present implications for practice and directions for future research.

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Alexithymia and Fear of Pain Independently Predict Heat Pain Intensity Ratings among Undergraduate University Students

Pain Research and Management ◽

10.1155/2009/468321 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 299-305 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Joel Katz ◽

Andrea L Martin ◽

M Gabrielle Pagé ◽

Vincent Calleri

Keyword(s):

Pain Intensity ◽

Pain Catastrophizing ◽

Emotional Awareness ◽

Heat Pain ◽

Fear Of Pain ◽

Pain Experience ◽

Pain Anxiety ◽

Average Heat ◽

Psychological Constructs ◽

The Relationship

BACKGROUND: Alexithymia is a disturbance in awareness and cognitive processing of affect that is associated with over-reporting of physical symptoms, including pain. The relationship between alexithymia and other psychological constructs that are often associated with pain has yet to be evaluated.OBJECTIVES: The present study examined the importance of alexithymia in the pain experience in relation to other integral psychological components of Turk’s diathesis-stress model of chronic pain and disability, including fear of pain, anxiety sensitivity, pain avoidance and pain catastrophizing.METHODS: Heat pain stimuli, using a magnitude estimation procedure, and five questionnaires (Anxiety Sensitivity Index, Fear of Pain Questionnaire III, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, avoidance subscale of the Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale-20 and Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20) were administered to 67 undergraduate students (44 women) with a mean (± SD) age of 20.39±3.77 years.RESULTS: Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that sex, fear of pain and alexithymia were the only significant predictors of average heat pain intensity (F[6, 60]=5.43; R2=0.35; P=0.008), accounting for 6.8%, 20.0% and 9.6% of unique variance, respectively. Moreover, the difficulty identifying feelings and difficulty describing feelings subscales, but not the externally oriented thinking subscale of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 significantly predicted average heat pain intensity.CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with higher levels of alexithymia or increased fear of pain reported higher average pain intensity ratings. The relationship between alexithymia and pain intensity was unrelated to other psychological constructs usually associated with pain. These findings suggest that difficulties with emotion regulation, either through reduced emotional awareness via alexithymia or heightened emotional awareness via fear of pain, may negatively impact the pain experience.

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