scholarly journals A Pilot Study on the Effectiveness of a Heat-Pain Stimulus to Induce Pain, Anxiety, and Fear

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Durand
Keyword(s):  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Pain Stimulus ◽  
Pain Anxiety ◽  
Heat Stimulus ◽  
Electric Shocks ◽  
Fear And Anxiety ◽  
Delayed Punishment ◽  
Undergraduate Men

While the majority of previous studies assessing pain-related variables in psychopaths used electric shocks, little is known about the effectiveness of alternative pain-inducing methods to increase emotional responses such as fear and anxiety. A small sample of healthy undergraduate men (N = 15) was recruited to assess the effectiveness of a heat stimulus to induce pain in an immediate versus delayed punishment paradigm. Although pain catastrophizing, anxiety, and threat of pain did not increase throughout the experiment, participants experienced a significant increase of fear of pain and pain intensity, indicating that the heat stimulus was effective in inducing pain. Furthermore, subjects were slower in initiating the pain stimulus during the first five trials, but no time difference was found during the 15 remaining trials. No correlation was found between psychopathic traits and pain-related variables, with the exception of inconsistent results within the Fearless Dominance factor. Findings are discussed in terms of improvement for a larger scale study involving psychopathic individuals.

Emotional responses of children and adolescents to parents with multiple sclerosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rivka Yahav ◽  
Janine Vosburgh ◽  
Ariel Miller
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Household Tasks ◽  
Active Protection ◽  
Fear And Anxiety

The effect of a chronic illness of one parent on children is determined by a complicated interaction of various emotional components. Our focus was on the children’s and adolescent’s emotional reactions and feelings towards their multiple sclerosis (MS)-affected parents, including: degree of responsibility, obligation and concern, yielding behaviour and active protection, fear and anxiety related to the state of illness, their sense of burden in connection with household tasks and errands, and anger. Fifty-six children, ages 10=18, each having a parent with MS, were examined. The results were compared to a control group of 156 age-matched children with healthy parents. Feelings were examined by means of a questionnaire previously constructed by us. We found that children of parents with MS felt more responsibility and obligation than children of healthy parents. They also exhibited more yielding behaviour, more fear and anxiety related to states of illness, a greater sense of burden and a greater degree of anger. We consider the interaction between the sex of the parent and the sex of the child in connection with these feelings and discuss the implications of the ‘parental child’ role of these children.

Internet-Based Self-Help Training for Children and Adolescents with Recurrent Headache: A Pilot Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Trautmann ◽  
Birgit Kröner-Herwig
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Behavioural Treatment ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural

AbstractWe report the results of a randomized controlled trial that compared the efficacy of an internet-based self-help treatment for paediatric headache including chat communication (cognitive-behavioural treatment, CBT) with an internet-based psychoeducation intervention (EDU). In the CBT group, significant pre- to post-treatment decreases were found for headache frequency and pain catastrophizing, but not for headache intensity or duration. In the EDU group none of the variables (frequency, intensity, duration, pain catastrophizing) showed improvement. No significant between group differences were found for headache variables and pain catastrophizing at post-treatment. The patients reported high satisfaction with the internet-based training and a good patient-trainer-alliance. Results were maintained at 6-month follow-up. Due to the small sample size, no general conclusions can be drawn regarding the efficacy of the internet-based training regarding the outcome variables, but the training was well accepted by patients. Further research is necessary to evaluate the therapeutic potential of such interventions.

scholarly journals Pain Catastrophizing in Patients with Noncardiac Chest Pain: Relationships With Pain, Anxiety, and Disability

2009 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 861-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca A. Shelby ◽  
Tamara J. Somers ◽  
Francis J. Keefe ◽  
Susan G. Silva ◽  
Daphne C. McKee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chest Pain ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Noncardiac Chest Pain ◽  
Pain Anxiety

Predicting pain and disability in patients with hand fractures: Comparing pain anxiety, anxiety sensitivity and pain catastrophizing

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund Keogh ◽  
Katrin Book ◽  
James Thomas ◽  
Grey Giddins ◽  
Christopher Eccleston
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Pain Anxiety ◽  
Hand Fractures

scholarly journals HOT OR NOT – IDENTIFYING EMOTIONAL “HOT SPOTS” IN THE CITY

2018 ◽  
Vol IV-4/W7 ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Kohn ◽  
H. Dastageeri ◽  
T. Bäumer ◽  
S. Moulin ◽  
P. Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
General Potential ◽  
Park Area ◽  
The City

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Cities become increasingly populated, which calls for new approaches to ensure that cities continue being viable places for citizens to live in. The focus of these approaches should be on understanding citizens regarding their feelings, needs and behaviours. This includes an understanding of the perception of and the emotional reactions to urban structures from citizens’ points of view. Following the approach of urban emotions (Zeile et al., 2005), different objective physiological and subjective self-report measures were used in an experimental study in order to capture these emotional responses and to visualize the data in an emotional map. A small sample (<i>N</i><span class="thinspace"></span>=<span class="thinspace"></span>13) of students was asked to collect positive as well as negative <i>hot spots</i> in a park area in the city centre of Stuttgart, i.e. spots that elicit positive or negative reactions. The results show the general potential of the park to function as a recreational area, but also identify room for improvement (e.g. concrete structures in the park). While physiological measures are useful to capture subtle emotional responses in larger areas, subjective measures seem to be more useful for understanding the reasons of the emotional responses by identifying positive as well as negative <i>hot spots</i>. A visualization tool introduced in this paper allows urban planners and other stakeholders (e.g. citizens, tourists) to view the results and analyse the data in an accessible way.</p>

scholarly journals Hair-Normalized Cortisol Waking Response as a Novel Biomarker of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity following Acute Trauma: A Proof-of-Concept Study with Pilot Results

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Walton ◽  
Joy C. MacDermid ◽  
Evan Russell ◽  
Gideon Koren ◽  
Stan Van Uum
Keyword(s):  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Stress System ◽  
Hair Cortisol ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

The mechanisms underlying the development of persistent posttraumatic pain and disability remain elusive. Recent evidence suggests that disordered stress-system pathway (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis) activity may be responsible for the genesis and maintenance of long-term sensory and emotional problems. However, confidence in current evidence is limited by the necessarily retrospective collection of data. Hair cortisol can serve as a calendar of HPA axis activity going back several months prior to injury. The purposes of this pilot study were to determine the feasibility of using hair cortisol and hair-normalized salivary cortisol as biomarkers of distress following traumatic injuries of whiplash or distal radius fracture. Ten subjects provided complete data within 3 weeks of injury. Hair cortisol, cortisol waking response (CWR), and mean daily cortisol (MDC) were captured at inception, as were self-report indicators of pain, disability, and pain catastrophizing. Pain and disability were also captured 3 months after injury. Results indicate that cortisol waking response may be a useful biomarker of current distress as measured using the pain catastrophizing scale, especially when normalized to 3-month hair cortisol (r=0.77 raw, 0.93 normalized). Hair-normalized CWR may also have predictive capacity, correlating with 3-month self-reported disability at r=0.70. While promising, the results must be viewed in light of the small sample.

scholarly journals Assessment of Pain Anxiety, Pain Catastrophizing, and Fear of Pain in Children and Adolescents With Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Fisher ◽  
Lauren C Heathcote ◽  
Christopher Eccleston ◽  
Laura E Simons ◽  
Tonya M Palermo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Fear Of Pain ◽  
Pain Anxiety

Abstract Objective To conduct a systematic review of pain anxiety, pain catastrophizing, and fear of pain measures psychometrically established in youth with chronic pain. The review addresses three specific aims: (1) to identify measures used in youth with chronic pain, summarizing their content, psychometric properties, and use; (2) to use evidence-based assessment criteria to rate each measure according to the Society of Pediatric Psychology (SPP) guidelines; (3) to pool data across studies for meta-analysis of shared variance in psychometric performance in relation to the primary outcomes of pain intensity, disability, generalized anxiety, and depression. Methods We searched Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and relevant literature for possible studies to include. We identified measures studied in youth with chronic pain that assessed pain anxiety, pain catastrophizing, or fear of pain and extracted the item-level content. Study and participant characteristics, and correlation data were extracted for summary and meta-analysis, and measures were rated using the SPP evidence-based assessment criteria. Results Fifty-four studies (84 papers) met the inclusion criteria, including seven relevant measures: one assessed pain anxiety, three pain catastrophizing, and three fear of pain. Overall, five measures were rated as “well established.” We conducted meta-analyses on four measures with available data. We found significant positive correlations with the variables pain intensity, disability, generalized anxiety, and depression. Conclusion Seven measures are available to assess pain anxiety, pain catastrophizing, and fear of pain in young people with chronic pain, and most are well established. We present implications for practice and directions for future research.

scholarly journals Alexithymia and Fear of Pain Independently Predict Heat Pain Intensity Ratings among Undergraduate University Students

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Katz ◽  
Andrea L Martin ◽  
M Gabrielle Pagé ◽  
Vincent Calleri
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Emotional Awareness ◽  
Heat Pain ◽  
Fear Of Pain ◽  
Pain Experience ◽  
Pain Anxiety ◽  
Average Heat ◽  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND: Alexithymia is a disturbance in awareness and cognitive processing of affect that is associated with over-reporting of physical symptoms, including pain. The relationship between alexithymia and other psychological constructs that are often associated with pain has yet to be evaluated.OBJECTIVES: The present study examined the importance of alexithymia in the pain experience in relation to other integral psychological components of Turk’s diathesis-stress model of chronic pain and disability, including fear of pain, anxiety sensitivity, pain avoidance and pain catastrophizing.METHODS: Heat pain stimuli, using a magnitude estimation procedure, and five questionnaires (Anxiety Sensitivity Index, Fear of Pain Questionnaire III, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, avoidance subscale of the Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale-20 and Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20) were administered to 67 undergraduate students (44 women) with a mean (± SD) age of 20.39±3.77 years.RESULTS: Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that sex, fear of pain and alexithymia were the only significant predictors of average heat pain intensity (F[6, 60]=5.43; R2=0.35; P=0.008), accounting for 6.8%, 20.0% and 9.6% of unique variance, respectively. Moreover, the difficulty identifying feelings and difficulty describing feelings subscales, but not the externally oriented thinking subscale of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 significantly predicted average heat pain intensity.CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with higher levels of alexithymia or increased fear of pain reported higher average pain intensity ratings. The relationship between alexithymia and pain intensity was unrelated to other psychological constructs usually associated with pain. These findings suggest that difficulties with emotion regulation, either through reduced emotional awareness via alexithymia or heightened emotional awareness via fear of pain, may negatively impact the pain experience.

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