Faculty Opinions recommendation of Distinct afferent innervation patterns within the human proximal and distal esophageal mucosa.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kahrilas
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Mucosa ◽  
Innervation Patterns ◽  
Afferent Innervation

Afferent Innervation Patterns of the Saccule in Pigeons

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 534-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zakir ◽  
D. Huss ◽  
J. D. Dickman
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Otolith Organs ◽  
Type I ◽  
Innervation Patterns ◽  
Receptor Organ ◽  
Oriented Parallel ◽  
Biotinylated Dextran ◽  
Afferent Innervation ◽  
Anterior Posterior

The innervation patterns of vestibular saccular afferents were quantitatively investigated in pigeons using biotinylated dextran amine as a neural tracer and three-dimensional computer reconstruction. Type I hair cells were found throughout a large portion of the macula, with the highest density observed in the striola. Type II hair cells were located throughout the macula, with the highest density in the extrastriola. Three classes of afferent innervation patterns were observed, including calyx, dimorph, and bouton units, with 137 afferents being anatomically reconstructed and used for quantitative comparisons. Calyx afferents were located primarily in the striola, innervated a number of type I hair cells, and had small innervation areas. Most calyx afferent terminal fields were oriented parallel to the anterior-posterior axis and the morphological polarization reversal line. Dimorph afferents were located throughout the macula, contained fewer type I hair cells in a calyceal terminal than calyx afferents and had medium sized innervation areas. Bouton afferents were restricted to the extrastriola, with multi-branching fibers and large innervation areas. Most of the dimorph and bouton afferents had innervation fields that were oriented dorso-ventrally but were parallel to the neighboring reversal line. The organizational morphology of the saccule was found to be distinctly different from that of the avian utricle or lagena otolith organs and appears to represent a receptor organ undergoing evolutionary adaptation toward sensing linear motion in terrestrial and aerial species.

Afferent Innervation Patterns of the Pigeon Horizontal Crista Ampullaris

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 3293-3304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asim Haque ◽  
David Huss ◽  
J. David Dickman
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Type ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Horizontal Semicircular Canal ◽  
Horizontal Canal ◽  
Branch Order ◽  
Innervation Patterns ◽  
Afferent Innervation

The vestibular semicircular canals are responsible for detection of rotational head motion although the precise mechanisms underlying the transduction and encoding of movement information are still under study. In the present investigation, we utilized neural tracers and immunohistochemistry to quantitatively examine the topology and afferent innervation patterns of the horizontal semicircular canal crista (HCC) in pigeons ( Columba livia). Two hundred and eighty-six afferents from five horizontal canal organs were identified of which 92 units were sufficiently labeled and isolated to perform anatomical reconstructions. In addition, a three-dimensional contour map of the crista was constructed. Bouton afferents were located only in the peripheral regions of the receptor epithelium. Bouton afferents had the most complex innervation patterns with significantly longer and more numerous branches as well as a higher branch order than any other fiber type. Bouton fibers also contained significantly more bouton terminals than did dimorph afferents. Calyx afferents were located only in the apex and central planar regions. Calyx fibers had the largest axonal diameters yet the smallest fiber lengths and innervation areas, the fewest number of branches, the lowest branch order, and the fewest total number of terminals of all fiber types. Dimorph afferents were located throughout the central crista with afferent terminations that were larger and more complex than calyx fibers but less so than bouton fibers. Overall, the pigeon HCC morphology and innervation shares many common features with those of other animal classes.

Afferent Innervation of the Utricular Macula in Pigeons

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 1660-1677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohong Si ◽  
Mridha Md. Zakir ◽  
J. David Dickman
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cells ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cellular Organization ◽  
Biotinylated Dextran Amine ◽  
Utricular Macula ◽  
Innervation Patterns ◽  
Biotinylated Dextran ◽  
Afferent Innervation

Biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) was used to retrogradely label afferents innervating the utricular macula in adult pigeons. The pigeon utriclar macula consists of a large rectangular-shaped neuroepithelium with a dorsally curved anterior edge and an extended medioposterior tail. The macula could be demarcated into several regions based on cytoarchitectural differences. The striola occupied 30% of the macula and contained a large density of type I hair cells with fewer type II hair cells. Medial and lateral extrastriola zones were located outside the striola and contained only type II hair cells. A six- to eight-cell-wide band of type II hair cells existed near the center of the striola. The reversal line marked by the morphological polarization of hair cells coursed throughout the epithelium, near the peripheral margin, and through the center of the type II band. Calyx afferents innervated type I hair cells with calyceal terminals that contained between 2 and 15 receptor cells. Calyx afferents were located only in the striola region, exclusive of the type II band, had small total fiber innervation areas and low innervation densities. Dimorph afferents innervated both type I and type II hair cells with calyceal and bouton terminals and were primarily located in the striola region. Dimorph afferents had smaller calyceal terminals with few type I hair cells, extended fiber branches with bouton terminals and larger innervation areas. Bouton afferents innervated only type II hair cells in the extrastriola and type II band regions. Bouton afferents innervating the type II band had smaller terminal fields with fewer bouton terminals and smaller innervation areas than fibers located in the extrastriolar zones. Bouton afferents had the most bouton terminals on the longest fibers, the largest innervation areas with the highest innervation densities of all afferents. Among all afferents, smaller terminal innervation fields were observed in the striola and large fields were located in the extrastriola. The cellular organization and innervation patterns of the utricular maculae in birds appear to represent an organ in adaptive evolution, different from that observed for amphibians or mammals.

scholarly journals Rare Etiology of Odynophagia in a Female Adolescent

2021 ◽  
pp. 352-358
Author(s):  
Anastasios Koutsoumourakis ◽  
Asterios Gagalis ◽  
Maria Fotoulaki ◽  
Maria Stafylidou
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Female Adolescent ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Esophageal Mucosa ◽  
Intact Immune System ◽  
History Of ◽  
Orolabial Herpes

Herpes esophagitis (HE) is a rare condition in immunocompetent adolescents. However, it commonly occurs as a primary infection in younger individuals. Herein, we report a 16-year-old female patient who had a history of fever for 5 days, odynophagia, and orolabial herpes infection for 7 days. Clusters of painful vesicles on an erythematous base on the lips, gingiva, and palate were observed on physical examination. Further, esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed diffuse linear ulcerations in the distal esophagus. The patient then received the following treatment: intravenous (I.V.) acyclovir 5 mg/kg three times a day, I.V. omeprazole 40 mg two times a day, and acyclovir 5% cream four times a day. After 8 days of admission, the patient was discharged. A follow-up esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed 7 weeks after discharge, and the results revealed that the esophageal mucosa had a normal appearance. The effect of antiviral treatment against HE remains unknown in these patients. Nevertheless, it is believed to accelerate the healing process in individuals with esophageal mucosal barrier damage. To the best of our knowledge, this case of a female adolescent with an intact immune system is the sixth case of herpes simplex esophagitis to be reported in the literature.

scholarly journals Esophagitis Dissecans Superficialis (EDS) Secondary to Hair Dye Ingestion: Case Report and Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
Eric Omar Then ◽  
Tyler Grantham ◽  
Michell Lopez ◽  
Madhavi Reddy ◽  
Vinaya Gaduputi
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Proton Pump Inhibitors ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Autoimmune Disorders ◽  
Pharmacologic Therapy ◽  
Esophageal Mucosa ◽  
Hair Dye ◽  
Esophageal Lesion ◽  
Chemical Irritants

Esophagitis dissecans superficialis (EDS) is a rare and underdiagnosed esophageal lesion characterized by sloughing of the esophageal mucosa that has been associated with medications, various autoimmune disorders, and exposure to some chemical irritants. Anatomically, EDS is most commonly seen in the middle and distal thirds of the esophagus. When present, EDS is best treated by discontinuing the offending agent and initiating pharmacologic therapy with proton pump inhibitors. Steroids may also be effective if the etiology is autoimmune in nature. Our case highlights a 65-year-old female diagnosed with EDS after incidental ingestion of hair dye containing resorcinol and para-phenylenediamine (PPD).

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