Faculty Opinions recommendation of Effect modification of perinatal exposure to air pollution and childhood asthma incidence.

Perinatal exposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with childhood asthma incidence; however, less is known regarding the potential effect modifiers in this association. We examined whether maternal and infant characteristics modified the association between perinatal exposure to air pollution and development of childhood asthma.761 172 births occurring between 2006 and 2012 were identified in the province of Ontario, Canada. Associations between exposure to ambient air pollutants and childhood asthma incidence (up to age 6 years) were estimated using Cox regression models.110 981 children with asthma were identified. In models adjusted for postnatal exposures, second-trimester exposures to particulate matter with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (hazard ratio (HR) per interquartile range (IQR) increase 1.07, 95% CI 1.06–1.09) and nitrogen dioxide (HR per IQR increase 1.06, 95% CI 1.03–1.08) were associated with childhood asthma development. Enhanced impacts were found among children born to mothers with asthma, who smoked during pregnancy or lived in urban areas during pregnancy, males and children born preterm or of low birthweight.Prenatal exposure to air pollution may have a differential impact on the risk of asthma development, according to maternal and infant characteristics.

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Effects of policy-driven hypothetical air pollutant interventions on childhood asthma incidence in southern California

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1815678116 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 116 (32) ◽

pp. 15883-15888 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Erika Garcia ◽

Robert Urman ◽

Kiros Berhane ◽

Rob McConnell ◽

Frank Gilliland

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Childhood Asthma ◽

Southern California ◽

Health Benefit ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Health Concern ◽

Asthma Incidence ◽

Pollutant Reduction

Childhood asthma is a major public health concern and has significant adverse impacts on the lives of the children and their families, and on society. There is an emerging link between air pollution, which is ubiquitous in our environment, particularly in urban centers, and incident childhood asthma. Here, using data from 3 successive cohorts recruited from the same 9 communities in southern California over a span of 20 y (1993 to 2014), we estimated asthma incidence using G-computation under hypothetical air pollution exposure scenarios targeting nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) in separate interventions. We reported comparisons of asthma incidence under each hypothetical air pollution intervention with incidence under the observed natural course of exposure; results that may be more tangible for policymakers compared with risk ratios. Model results indicated that childhood asthma incidence rates would have been statistically significantly higher had the observed reduction in ambient NO2 in southern California not occurred in the 1990s and early 2000s, and asthma incidence rates would have been significantly lower had NO2 been lower than what it was observed to be. For example, compliance with a hypothetical standard of 20 ppb NO2 was estimated to result in 20% lower childhood asthma incidence (95% CI, −27% to −11%) compared with the exposure that actually occurred. The findings for hypothetical PM2.5 interventions, although statistically significant, were smaller in magnitude compared with results for the hypothetical NO2 interventions. Our results suggest a large potential public health benefit of air pollutant reduction in reduced incidence of childhood asthma.

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Exposure to Mobile Source Air Pollution in Early-life and Childhood Asthma Incidence

Epidemiology ◽

10.1097/ede.0000000000000754 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 22-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Audrey Flak Pennington ◽

Matthew J. Strickland ◽

Mitchel Klein ◽

Xinxin Zhai ◽

Josephine T. Bates ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Childhood Asthma ◽

Early Life ◽

Mobile Source ◽

Asthma Incidence

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Parental stress increases the effect of traffic-related air pollution on childhood asthma incidence

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.0812910106 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 106 (30) ◽

pp. 12406-12411 ◽

Cited By ~ 125

Author(s):

K. Shankardass ◽

R. McConnell ◽

M. Jerrett ◽

J. Milam ◽

J. Richardson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Parental Stress ◽

Childhood Asthma ◽

Asthma Incidence

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Exposure to traffic-related air pollution in early life and childhood asthma incidence

ISEE Conference Abstracts ◽

10.1289/isee.2016.3922 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Audrey Pennington* ◽

Matthew Strickland ◽

Xinxin Zhai ◽

Mitchel Klein ◽

Josephine Bates ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Childhood Asthma ◽

Early Life ◽

Asthma Incidence

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The effect modification by the Mediterranean diet (MEDI) on skin aging in elderly women exposed to air pollution

10.1055/s-0039-1694628 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

VS Stender ◽

C Wigmann ◽

H Altug ◽

J Krutmann ◽

T Schikowski

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Skin Aging ◽

Effect Modification ◽

The Mediterranean

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Perinatal Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Atopy at 1 Year of Age in a Multi-Center Canadian Birth Cohort Study.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.725411384.793540353 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Lea Bentur ◽

Michal Gur

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Perinatal Exposure

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Monetizing the Burden of Childhood Asthma Due to Traffic Related Air Pollution in the Contiguous United States in 2010

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18157864 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (15) ◽

pp. 7864

Author(s):

Minaal Farrukh ◽

Haneen Khreis

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Economic Impact ◽

Childhood Asthma ◽

Ambient Air ◽

The United States ◽

The State ◽

Cost Calculation ◽

Cost Burden ◽

Incident Cases

Background: Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) refers to the wide range of air pollutants emitted by traffic that are dispersed into the ambient air. Emerging evidence shows that TRAP can increase asthma incidence in children. Living with asthma can carry a huge financial burden for individuals and families due to direct and indirect medical expenses, which can include costs of hospitalization, medical visits, medication, missed school days, and loss of wages from missed workdays for caregivers. Objective: The objective of this paper is to estimate the economic impact of childhood asthma incident cases attributable to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a common traffic-related air pollutant in urban areas, in the United States at the state level. Methods: We calculate the direct and indirect costs of childhood asthma incident cases attributable to NO2 using previously published burden of disease estimates and per person asthma cost estimates. By multiplying the per person indirect and direct costs for each state with the NO2-attributable asthma incident cases in each state, we were able to estimate the total cost of childhood asthma cases attributable to NO2 in the United States. Results: The cost calculation estimates the total direct and indirect annual cost of childhood asthma cases attributable to NO2 in the year 2010 to be $178,900,138.989 (95% CI: $101,019,728.20–$256,980,126.65). The state with the highest cost burden is California with $24,501,859.84 (95% CI: $10,020,182.62–$38,982,261.250), and the state with the lowest cost burden is Montana with $88,880.12 (95% CI: $33,491.06–$144,269.18). Conclusion: This study estimates the annual costs of childhood asthma incident cases attributable to NO2 and demonstrates the importance of conducting economic impacts studies of TRAP. It is important for policy-making institutions to focus on this problem by advocating and supporting more studies on TRAP’s impact on the national economy and health, including these economic impact estimates in the decision-making process, and devising mitigation strategies to reduce TRAP and the population’s exposure.

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Greenspace, Air Pollution, Neighborhood Factors, and Preeclampsia in a Population-Based Case-Control Study in California

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18105127 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 5127

Author(s):

Kari A. Weber ◽

Wei Yang ◽

Evan Lyons ◽

David K. Stevenson ◽

Amy M. Padula ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Low Income ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Census Data ◽

Effect Modification ◽

Severe Preeclampsia ◽

Quality Data ◽

Poverty Level ◽

Neighborhood Factors

To investigate preeclampsia etiologies, we examined relationships between greenspace, air pollution, and neighborhood factors. Data were from hospital records and geocoded residences of 77,406 women in San Joaquin Valley, California from 2000 to 2006. Preeclampsia was divided into mild, severe, or superimposed onto pre-existing hypertension. Greenspace within 100 and 500 m residential buffers was estimated from satellite data using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Air quality data were averaged over pregnancy from daily 24-h averages of nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter <10 µm (PM10) and <2.5 µm (PM2.5), and carbon monoxide. Neighborhood socioeconomic (SES) factors included living below the federal poverty level and median annual income using 2000 US Census data. Odds of preeclampsia were estimated using logistic regression. Effect modification was assessed using Wald tests. More greenspace (500 m) was inversely associated with superimposed preeclampsia (OR = 0.57). High PM2.5 and low SES were associated with mild and severe preeclampsia. We observed differences in associations between greenspace (500 m) and superimposed preeclampsia by neighborhood income and between greenspace (500 m) and severe preeclampsia by PM10, overall and among those living in higher SES neighborhoods. Less greenspace, high particulate matter, and high-poverty/low-income neighborhoods were associated with preeclampsia, and effect modification was observed between these exposures. Further research into exposure combinations and preeclampsia is warranted.

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