scholarly journals Untersuchungen zur Phosphataufnahme von Zwischenfrüchten bei unterschiedlicher P-Versorgung des Bodens (Investigation of P Uptake of Catch Crops under Different P Supply)

2003 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Bettina Eichler ◽  
Adolf Grüner ◽  
Imre Vágó
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soils ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Catch Crops ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Root Parameters ◽  
P Content ◽  
Added Water ◽  
Total P ◽  
P Supply

The P uptakes of 11 different catch crops on four soils were estimated and compared with changes of double lactate soluble Phosphorus (P(DL)) in soil within a vessel trial. Additionally a model trial with quartz sand was carried out for investigations of the influence of P supply on root parameters. The differences of P uptake in dependence of the proofed variants were significant. Under a sufficient P supply Buckwheat, Maize and Oil radish had the highest P uptake on sandy soils, on loamy soil also Buckwheat and Maize but Serradella too. Under P deficiency the withdrawals of Phosphorus for Buckwheat, Maize and Oil radish were found to be the highest. In contrast to the sandy soils for the loamy soils no significant relation between the P uptake by plants and changes in the P-DL amount in soil could be found. For all variants the P uptake by plants were higher than the reduction of the P-DL amount in soil. The rate of P-DL content on the total P content in soil reduced while the two trial years only in sandy but not in loamy soils. The P uptake, the root length and the root/shoot relationship depends significantly on the cultivated crop and the added P compound. The added water soluble KH2PO4 caused a higher P uptake but a lower root/shoot-relationship than the water insoluble P compounds.

scholarly journals Estimating the importance of maize root hairs in low phosphorus conditions and under drought

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 961-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Klamer ◽  
Florian Vogel ◽  
Xuelian Li ◽  
Hinrich Bremer ◽  
Günter Neumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Hairs ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Secondary Effects ◽  
Short Root ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
P Content ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
P Supply

Abstract Background and Aims Root hairs are single-cell extensions of the epidermis that face into the soil and increase the root–soil contact surface. Root hairs enlarge the rhizosphere radially and are very important for taking up water and sparingly soluble nutrients, such as the poorly soil-mobile phosphate. In order to quantify the importance of root hairs for maize, a mutant and the corresponding wild type were compared. Methods The rth2 maize mutant with very short root hairs was assayed for growth and phosphorus (P) acquisition in a slightly alkaline soil with low P and limited water supply in the absence of mycorrhization and with ample P supply. Key Results Root and shoot growth was additively impaired under P deficiency and drought. Internal P concentrations declined with reduced water and P supply, whereas micronutrients (iron, zinc) were little affected. The very short root hairs in rth2 did not affect internal P concentrations, but the P content of juvenile plants was halved under combined stress. The rth2 plants had more fine roots and increased specific root length, but P mobilization traits (root organic carbon and phosphatase exudation) differed little. Conclusions The results confirm the importance of root hairs for maize P uptake and content, but not for internal P concentrations. Furthermore, the performance of root hair mutants may be biased by secondary effects, such as altered root growth.

Sex-specifically responsive strategies to phosphorus availability combined with different soil nitrogen forms in dioecious Populus cathayana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiucheng Liu ◽  
Yuting Wang ◽  
Shuangri Liu ◽  
Miao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Populus Cathayana ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
P Supply

Abstract Aims Phosphorus (P) availability and efficiency are especially important for plant growth and productivity. However, the sex-specific P acquisition and utilization strategies of dioecious plant species under different N forms are not clear. Methods This study investigated the responsive mechanisms of dioecious Populus cathayana females and males based on P uptake and allocation to soil P supply under N deficiency, nitrate (NO3 −) and ammonium (NH4 +) supply. Important Findings Females had a greater biomass, root length density (RLD), specific root length (SRL) and shoot P concentration than males under normal P availability with two N supplies. NH4 + supply led to higher total root length, RLD and SRL but lower root tip number than NO3 − supply under normal P supply. Under P deficiency, males showed a smaller root system but greater photosynthetic P availability and higher leaf P remobilization, exhibiting a better capacity to adaptation to P-deficiency than females. Under P deficiency, NO3 − supply increased leaf photosynthesis and PUE but reduced RLD and SRL in females while males had higher leaf P redistribution and photosynthetic PUE than NH4 + supply. Females had a better potentiality to cope with P deficiency under NO3 − supply than NH4 + supply; the contrary was true for males. These results suggest that females may devote to increase in P uptake and shoot P allocation under normal P availability, especially under NO3 − supply, while males adopt more efficient resource use and P remobilization to maximum their tolerance to P-deficiency.

Soil phosphorus depletion capacity of arbuscular mycorrhizae formed by maize hybrids

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Liu ◽  
C. Hamel ◽  
S. H. Begna ◽  
B. L. Ma ◽  
D. L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Content ◽  
Total P ◽  
Extractable Soil

The ability of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to help their host plant absorb soil P is well known, but little attention has been paid to the effect of AM fungi on soil P depletion capacity. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to assess, under different P levels, the effects of mycorrhizae on extractable soil P and P uptake by maize hybrids with contrasting phenotypes. The experiment had three factors, including two mycorrhizal treatments (mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal), three P fertilizer rates (0, 40, and 80 mg kg-1) and three maize hybrids [leafy normal stature (LNS), leafy reduced stature (LRS) and a conventional hybrid, Pioneer 3979 (P3979)]. Extractable soil P was determined after 3, 6 and 9 wk of maize growth. Plant biomass, P concentration and total P content were also determined after 9 wk of growth. Fertilization increased soil extractable P, plant biomass, P concentration in plants and total P uptake. In contrast to P3979, the LNS and LRS hybrids had higher biomass and total P content when mycorrhizal. Mycorrhizae had less influence on soil extractable P than on total P uptake by plants. The absence of P fertilization increased the importance of AM fungi for P uptake, which markedly reduced soil extractable P under AM plants during growth. This effect was strongest for LNS, the most mycorrhizae-dependent hybrid, intermediate for LRS, and not significant for the commercial hybrid P3979, which did not respond to AM inoculation. Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, extraradical hyphae, maize hybrid,plant biomass, P uptake, soil extractable P

scholarly journals Warming drives sustained plant phosphorus demand in a humid tropical forest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyang Lie ◽  
Wenjuan Huang ◽  
kadowaki Kohmei ◽  
Guoyi Zhou ◽  
Junhua Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Content ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
P Mineralization ◽  
Highly Weathered Soils ◽  
Continuous Field

Phosphorus (P) is often one of the most limiting nutrients in highly weathered soils of humid tropical forests, which may regulate the responses of carbon (C) feedback to climate warming. Based on a 7-year continuous field warming experiment conducted by translocating microcosm forest ecosystems from a high-elevation site to low-elevation sites, we detected changes in the ecosystem P cycle in response to warming. We report that warming drives sustained plant P demand by increasing P uptake and thus decreasing foliar N:P. This increased plant P content is supplied by multiple processes including enhanced plant P resorption, soil P mineralization and dissolution without changing litter P mineralization and leachate P. These findings suggest that warming may alleviate initial P deficiency and/or limitation of plant growth and contribute to sustaining plant C fixation in these tropical forests.

Contribution of zinc and phosphorus on yield phosphorus and zinc content in aman rice and distribution in post-harvest soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 209-212
Author(s):  
MA Hye ◽  
KM Mahbubur Rahman ◽  
PP Das ◽  
MA Hossain ◽  
BP Ray
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Floodplain Soil ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
P Content ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Phosphorus Application ◽  
Total P

An experiment was carried out to study the effect of phosphorus and zinc on yield, phosphorus and zinc content in rice as well as P distribution in post harvest soil, on a silty loam soil of Sonatola series (Non-calcareous Dark Grey Floodplain Soil) at Bangladesh Agricultural University Farm. There were 3 levels of P (0, 25 and 50 kg ha-I from TSP) and 4 levels of Zn (0,5,10 and 20kg Zn ha-1 from zinc sulphate) along with basal doses of 100 kg N ha-1 from urea, 40 kg K20 ha-1 from mediate of potash and 12 kg S ha-1 from gypsum. The single and interaction effect of P and Zn had significant positive effect on the grain and straw yield. The highest grain yield (5.97 t ha-l) and straw yield (11.50 t ha-1) were obtained from Zn10 P50 treatment. Phosphorus application significantly increased the P content in grain and straw but zinc content significantly decreased while effect of zinc significantly decreased the P content in grain and straw but increased the Zn content. The highest amount of P content in grain and straw were 0.35% and 0.140% respectively obtained from Zn0 P50 treatment whereas the zinc content in grain and straw were 32.8 ppm and 50.60 ppm respectively obtained from Zn20 P0 treatment. The availability of phosphorus gradually increased with the increasing levels of P and decreased with the increasing levels of Zn. The maximum water-soluble P (4.5mgkg-1) and labile P (1.8 mgkg-I) were obtained from Zn0 P50 treatment. The application of P and Zn gradually increased the Al-Fe-P, Mg/Ca-P and Total P with the increasing levels of P and Zn. The highest amount of Al/Fe-P, Mg/Ca­P and Total-P were obtained from Zn20 and P50 treatment. The combined application of P and Zn increased the grain and straw yield but decreased P and Zn content and availability of P to from Al/Fe-P and Mg/Ca-P as a result of Zn-P interaction in soil solution.

Effects of a microbial phytase on the utilization of native phosphorus by carp in a diet based on soybean meal

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Schäfer ◽  
W. M. Koppe ◽  
K.-H. Meyer-Burgdorff ◽  
K. D. Günther
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Phosphorus Excretion ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
P Content ◽  
Microbial Phytase ◽  
Total P ◽  
P Supply

The effects of a microbial phytase derived from Aspergillus niger (Natuphos®, BASF AG Ludwigshafen, Germany) on growth, body mineralization, phosphorus retention and phosphorus excretion were investigated in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The test diet used in this study was based on soybean meal, fishmeal and wheat starch resulting in a total P content of 7.3 g/kg dry matter (DM). This diet was supplemented with two levels of monocalciumphosphate (MCP) and additionally with phytase at levels of 500 and 1000 U/kg. Triplicate groups of fish (10 carp/tank) of mean initial weight of 40 g were fed at a level of 20 g/kg W0.8 d−1 for 9 wk at a water temperature of 23°C. There was enhanced weight gain, crude ash content and P content in whole body with increasing dietary P content and phytase supplementation, respectively. The P gain was about 4 g/kg gain when P supply was adequate. Supplementation with phytase improved utilization of native plant P and reduced the P excretion/kg gain significantly by 30% compared with MCP-supplemented diets. This effect of the phytase was confirmed by measurements of the total P digestibility.

scholarly journals The effect of soil type on imazamox phytotoxicity to tomato

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-224
Author(s):  
Jelena Gajic-Umiljendic ◽  
Marija Saric-Krsmanovic ◽  
Ljiljana Santric ◽  
Ljiljana Radivojevic
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Growth Delay ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Root Parameters ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Plant Sensitivity ◽  
Lower Protein ◽  
Different Levels

A bioassay was performed to evaluate the susceptibility of tomato to imazamox residues in loamy and sandy soils. The effects of three different levels of soil moisture (20, 50 and 70% FWC) were also examined. Imazamox was applied at rates ranging from 6.25 to 800 ?g a.i./ kg soil. Shoot and root fresh weight and root length were the parameters measured 21 days after treatment, as well as the content of water soluble proteins. Imazamox caused growth delay and lower protein contents in both types of soil at all levels of soil moisture, and the degree of change depended on application rates. Inhibition was higher in plants grown in the sandy soil. The root parameters were more reliable as indicators of plant sensitivity to imazamox in soil. Soluble protein contents were lower in all trial variants but the changes did not depend on herbicide concentrations.

scholarly journals PHOSPHORUS DEFICIENCY IMPAIRS SHOOT REGROWTH OF SUGARCANE VARIETIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
FERNANDO C. BACHIEGA ZAMBROSI ◽  
RAFAEL VASCONCELOS RIBEIRO ◽  
EDUARDO CARUSO MACHADO ◽  
JÚLIO CÉSAR GARCIA
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
P Supply

SUMMARYThe shoot regrowth vigour of sugarcane varieties having contrasting phosphorus (P) efficiency was evaluated under varying soil P availability. The P-inefficient (IAC91–1099 and IACSP94–2101) and -efficient (IACSP94–2094 and IACSP95–5000) sugarcane varieties were grown under low (25 mg P kg−1 soil) or high (400 mg P kg−1 soil) P supply at planting. After 90 days (first cycle of growth), the shoots were harvested and regrowth was studied 70–75 days later by evaluating photosynthesis, leaf area formation, biomass production and P uptake. The shoot dry matter (DM) of sugarcane regrowth subjected to a low P supply was genotype-dependent, with the P-efficient varieties exhibiting greater values than the inefficient ones. This result was explained by the greater efficiency of IACSP94–2094 and IACSP95–5000 in acquiring P rather than P utilization efficiency for shoot biomass production. The root P stored during the first cycle of growth would represent only a minor fraction (< 20%) of the total P content in the shoots at the end of the regrowth period. Thus, we argue that the improved shoot P uptake of the P-efficient varieties was related to their ability to sustain P acquisition after harvesting rather than to the remobilization of root P reserves. Moreover, our data revealed that net CO2 assimilation per leaf area was not associated with differential performance among varieties under P deficiency, suggesting a more critical role of total leaf area in photosynthate supply for sugarcane regrowth. In conclusion, sugarcane regrowth is improved in P-efficient varieties under P deficiency conditions, a finding of practical relevance as such ability might benefit the productivity and the longevity of sugarcane ratoons in low P tropical soils.

Enhancing phosphorus release from struvite with biostimulants

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Juan Esteban Hernández Jiménez ◽  
Judith Nyiraneza ◽  
Tandra D. Fraser ◽  
Helen Carolyn Peach Brown ◽  
Idalia Jacqueline Lopez-Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Earthworm Casts ◽  
Total N ◽  
Fertilizer Value ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Total P

Struvite is a phosphorus (P)-rich by-product of wastewater treatment facilities that can be recycled as a P source in agriculture. Because struvite is not water soluble, it is solubilized gradually by organic acids released by soil microorganisms and from growing plant roots when used as fertilizer. To speed up the solubilization process, struvite can be combined with biostimulants such as P-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) or earthworm casts (WC). The objective of this greenhouse study was to compare the fertilizer value of struvite, with and without PSB (Bacillus megaterium) or WC, with that of triple superphosphate in two contrasting soils (a low-P soil and a high-P soil). Oat (Avena sativa L.) was grown for 8 wk under a controlled environment, and dry matter yield at harvest, total N and total P uptake, the soil residual Mehlich-3 P, and phosphomonoesterase activity were measured. The high-P soil was unresponsive to P application, but the low-P soil was responsive. In the low-P soil, there was more Mehlich-3-extracted P when struvite was combined with PSB or WC compared with struvite alone, resulting in greater oat dry matter and more total N and more total P uptake. Combining struvite with biostimulants increased total dry matter and total P uptake by an average of 39% and 33%, respectively. We conclude that greater P release from struvite occurs when it is combined with PSB or WC, particularly in low-P soil, but this needs to be confirmed in field-scale studies.

scholarly journals Low Specific Phosphorus Uptake Affinity of Epilithon in Three Oligo- to Mesotrophic Post-mining Lakes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliška Konopáčová ◽  
Jiří Nedoma ◽  
Kateřina Čapková ◽  
Petr Čapek ◽  
Petr Znachor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Half Saturation Constant ◽  
P Content ◽  
Mining Lakes ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Uptake Velocity

Epilithon contributes to phosphorus (P) cycling in lakes, but its P uptake traits have been rarely studied. We measured the chemical composition of epilithon and its inorganic P uptake kinetics using isotope 33P in three deep oligo- to mesotrophic post-mining lakes in April, July, and October 2019. Over the sampling period, epilithon biomass doubled, while the P content in biomass dropped to 60% of the April values, and the seasonal changes in P content expressed per epilithon area were only marginal and statistically not significant. High epilithic C:P molar ratios (677 on average) suggested strong P deficiency in all investigated lakes. Regarding the kinetic parameters of phosphorus uptake, maximum uptake velocity (Vmax, seasonal range 1.9–129 mg P g OM–1 h–1) decreased by an order of magnitude from April to October, while half-saturation constant (KS, seasonal range 3.9–135 mg P L–1) did not show any consistent temporal trend. Values of epilithic specific P uptake affinity (SPUAE, seasonal range 0.08–3.1 L g OM–1 h–1) decreased from spring to autumn and were two to four orders of magnitude lower than the corresponding values for seston (SPUAsest), which showed an opposite trend. Considering our results, we suggest a possible mechanism underlying a stable coexistence of planktonic and epilithic microorganisms, with plankton prospering mostly in summer and autumn and epilithon in winter and spring season. Additionally, a phenomenon of reversible abiotic P adsorption on epilithon was observed.

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