Effects of a microbial phytase on the utilization of native phosphorus by carp in a diet based on soybean meal

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Schäfer ◽  
W. M. Koppe ◽  
K.-H. Meyer-Burgdorff ◽  
K. D. Günther

The effects of a microbial phytase derived from Aspergillus niger (Natuphos®, BASF AG Ludwigshafen, Germany) on growth, body mineralization, phosphorus retention and phosphorus excretion were investigated in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The test diet used in this study was based on soybean meal, fishmeal and wheat starch resulting in a total P content of 7.3 g/kg dry matter (DM). This diet was supplemented with two levels of monocalciumphosphate (MCP) and additionally with phytase at levels of 500 and 1000 U/kg. Triplicate groups of fish (10 carp/tank) of mean initial weight of 40 g were fed at a level of 20 g/kg W0.8 d−1 for 9 wk at a water temperature of 23°C. There was enhanced weight gain, crude ash content and P content in whole body with increasing dietary P content and phytase supplementation, respectively. The P gain was about 4 g/kg gain when P supply was adequate. Supplementation with phytase improved utilization of native plant P and reduced the P excretion/kg gain significantly by 30% compared with MCP-supplemented diets. This effect of the phytase was confirmed by measurements of the total P digestibility.

1990 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-443
Author(s):  
Matti Näsi

The effect of a phytase supplement produced by Aspergillus niger on phytinphosphorus availability for pigs on phytase deficient maize-soybean meal diets was measured in two digestibility and balance experiments involving twelve growing pigs. Apparent digestibility of P in diets without inorganic-P supplementation or with low addition (0.18 of total P) was significantly lower than in the control diets (0.16 and 0.23 vs. 0.42; P


2003 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Bettina Eichler ◽  
Adolf Grüner ◽  
Imre Vágó

The P uptakes of 11 different catch crops on four soils were estimated and compared with changes of double lactate soluble Phosphorus (P(DL)) in soil within a vessel trial. Additionally a model trial with quartz sand was carried out for investigations of the influence of P supply on root parameters. The differences of P uptake in dependence of the proofed variants were significant. Under a sufficient P supply Buckwheat, Maize and Oil radish had the highest P uptake on sandy soils, on loamy soil also Buckwheat and Maize but Serradella too. Under P deficiency the withdrawals of Phosphorus for Buckwheat, Maize and Oil radish were found to be the highest. In contrast to the sandy soils for the loamy soils no significant relation between the P uptake by plants and changes in the P-DL amount in soil could be found. For all variants the P uptake by plants were higher than the reduction of the P-DL amount in soil. The rate of P-DL content on the total P content in soil reduced while the two trial years only in sandy but not in loamy soils. The P uptake, the root length and the root/shoot relationship depends significantly on the cultivated crop and the added P compound. The added water soluble KH2PO4 caused a higher P uptake but a lower root/shoot-relationship than the water insoluble P compounds.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Stigebrandt

<p>The magnitude of the annual biological production in the Baltic proper is determined by the phosphorus (P) concentration <em>C</em> in the surface layer in winter. <em>C</em> is proportional to the total P supply <em>TPS</em> to the water column. <em>TPS</em> has three components; the land-based supply <em>LPS</em>; the ocean supply <em>OPS</em>; and the internal supply <em>IPS</em> from anoxic bottoms. The <em>OPS</em> is minor. The land-based P source, <em>LPS</em>, culminated in the 1980s and at present it has about the same value as in the early 1950s. Despite this, <em>C</em> still increases, and the present time <em>C</em> is at least 3 times higher than <em>C</em> in the 1950s. This runaway evolution of the Baltic proper P content demonstrates that the evolution of <em>C</em> cannot be explained only by the evolution of the external sources <em>LPS</em> and <em>OPS</em>. The runaway behaviour suggests that there is a positive feedback between the state <em>C</em> and the supply <em>TPS</em>. It is shown that the internal P-supply <em>IPS</em> provides such a positive feedback via its dependence on the area of anoxic bottoms <em>Aanox</em>, because <em>IPS</em> is proportional to <em>Aanox</em> and <em>Aanox</em> is proportional to <em>C</em> so that<em> IPS</em> is proportional to <em>C</em>. The internal supply <em>IPS</em> thus increases with <em>C</em> if there are anoxic bottoms. Anoxic bottoms start to occur when <em>C</em> passes the threshold value <em>Ct</em> which occurs when <em>TPS</em> passes the threshold value <em>TPSt</em>. This happened in the Baltic proper at the end of the 1950s. A time-dependent P model describes the evolution of <em>C</em> in the Baltic proper from 1950 to the present quite well.</p>


2018 ◽  
pp. 25-32

Eficacia de una nueva fitasa microbiana en dietas de cerdos en crecimiento Effectiveness of a new microbial phytase in diets for growing pigs Yoany Leiva, Alba Cerisuelo, María Cambra y Juan José Pascua Universitat Politècnica de València, España DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2016.0004/ Resumen El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar los efectos de incorporación en el pienso de cerdos en crecimiento, una nueva fitasa de origen bacteriano sobre el coeficiente de digestibilidad aparente y retención de los diferentes nutrientes en cerdos en crecimiento. Se utilizaron cinco dietas experimentales que difieren en el nivel de incorporación de la fitasa y en el contenido en fósforo (P): la dieta control positivo (C+) con 7,1 g de P total/Kg sin fitasa, dieta control negativo (C-) con niveles bajos de P (5,6 g P total/Kg) sin fitasa y tres dietas a partir del C- suplementado con 250, 500 y 1000 unidades de fitasa, UFT/Kg de pienso. Se utilizaron 75 cerdos machos (32,24 ± 2,77 Kg peso vivo medio), en 5 tandas, cada tanda conformada por 15 cerdos. El periodo experimental tuvo una duración de 18 días, en cada tanda (7 días de adaptación a corral y pienso, 7 días de adaptación a la jaula de digestibilidad y 4 días de recogida de heces y orina – ensayo digestibilidad). En nuestras condiciones de estudio, la suplementación con fitasa en cerdos en crecimiento, a niveles de 500 y 1000 UFT/kg, produjo un incremento (p>0.05) de la digestibilidad del P en 5 y 9 puntos porcentuales y un aumento en la retención del P en 5,4 y 10 puntos porcentuales, respectivamente, en comparación con dietas bajas en P y sin fitasas (C-). Mientras que otros minerales no se vieron afectados por la dieta suplementada con fitasa. Abstract This research aimed to evaluate the effects of inclusion of a new phytase of bacterial origin in the feed of growing pigs, on apparent digestibility coefficient and retention of different nutrients. Five experimental diets differing in the addition of phytase and in phosphorus (P) content were used: positive control (C+) with 7.1g of total / kg P without phytase, negative control (C-) with low P (5.6 g total P/ kg) without phytase and three diets base don C- supplemented with 250, 500 and 1000 phytase units,UFT / Kg of feed. Seventy five male pigs (32.24 ± 2.77 kg live weight on average) were used, in five batches, each batch consisting of 15 pigs. The experimental period lasted 18 days, in each batch (7 days of adaptation to pen and feed, 7 days adaptation to digestibility cage and four days of collection of feces and urine – digestibility trial). In the conditions of this study, the addition of the new phytase in growing pigs at levels of 500 and 1000 UFT / kg produced an increase (p>0.05) in the digestibility of P in 5 to 9 percentage points and an increase in the retention of P in 5.4 and 10 percentage points, respectively compared with diets low in phosphorus and without phytase (C-). Other minerals were not affected by the addition of phytase. Keywords: fission, uranium 235


1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 3368-3375 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. G. Lei ◽  
P. K. Ku ◽  
E. R. Miller ◽  
M. T. Yokoyama ◽  
D. E. Ullrey

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. BHATNAGAR ◽  
M. H. MILLER

A series of laboratory experiments was conducted to determine the mechanism(s) responsible for a previously reported observation that addition of liquid manure to soil increased the NaHCO3-extractable P (Ext-P) of large aggregates (> 2 mm) more than that of smaller aggregates whereas addition of an inorganic P solution did not. Application of liquid poultry manure increased the total P, Ext-P and total C concentrations in large aggregates (> 2 mm) much more (> 2.5 ×) than that in small aggregates (< 1 mm). Addition of inorganic P solution or of supernatant liquid from a centrifuged manure slurry increased the P content of the large aggregates only slightly (1.2 ×). A greater increase in Ext-P in large aggregates was observed even when the smaller aggregates were purposely layered on top of the larger ones prior to addition of the liquid manure. A similar but less pronounced effect of aggregate size on increase in P or C concentration was observed when different sized aggregates were left in contact with an effectively infinite source of liquid manure for 24 h. It is concluded that the larger aggregates absorbed more of the bulk manure slurry than smaller aggregates. A partial sealing of small aggregates by particulates is suggested as a possible mechanism. Key words: Carbon, phosphorus, liquid manure, soil aggregates


2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério Piccin ◽  
Rafael da Rosa Couto ◽  
Roque Júnior Sartori Bellinaso ◽  
Luciano Colpo Gatiboni ◽  
Lessandro De Conti ◽  
...  

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate phosphorus forms in grape leaves and their relationships with must composition and yield in grapevines grown in a Typic Hapludalf with different available P contents. Two experiments were carried out with Vitis viniferacultivars, one with 'Tannat' and the other with 'Cabernet Franc' grapes. Experiment 1 consisted of two vineyards of 'Tannat', with the following P content in the soil: V1, 11.8 mg kg-1 P; and V2, 34.6 mg kg-1 P. Experiment 2 consisted of two vineyards of 'Cabernet Franc', with the following P content in the soil: V1, 16.0 mg kg-1 P; and V2, 37.0 mg kg-1 P. Leaves were collected at flowering (FL) and veraison (V), and, after their preparation, P forms were evaluated. Yield and must composition were assessed. The highest yield was observed in V2 of experiment 1 and in V2 of experiment 2. Total P content and P forms in leaves at FL and V have no relationship with yield parameters; however, total P content in leaves has a relationship with anthocyanin content in the must of 'Tannat' grapevines. Therefore, P fractionation in leaves predicts neither grapevine yield nor must composition.


1973 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Scaife ◽  
R. Smith

SummaryA dynamic model is presented in which the problem of predicting P response is broken down into various components, such as:(a) Weight and P content of emerging seedling.(b) Normal growth curve of the fully nourished plant.(c) A ‘deficiency-tolerance’ factor relating depression of relative growth rate to plant P concentration.(d) An ‘affinity’ term relating sink concentration to P status of plant.(e) A perirhizal resistance term for diffusive transport to roots.(f) Capacity and intensity of P supply from the soil. Mass flow supply via the transpiration stream is also included.By changing parameter values one may attempt to simulate the effect of any of these factors on the shape of the P response curve and any other part of the system throughout crop life. At present the model over-estimates growth at low levels of P supply, but predicted plant P concentrations agree reasonably well with observed data.


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