scholarly journals How does the S-locus determining self-incompatibility in stone fruits work in self-compatible peach?

2005 ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Attila Hegedűs ◽  
Júlia Halász ◽  
Zoltán Szabó ◽  
József Nyéki ◽  
Andrzej Pedryc
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
S Locus ◽  
Recognition Mechanism ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
S Allele ◽  
Available Information

The majority of stone fruit species are self-incompatible, a feature that is determined by a specific recognition mechanism between the S-ribonuclease enzymes residing in the pistils and the F-box proteins expressed in the pollen tubes. Failure in the function of any component of this bipartite system resulted in self-compatibility (SC) in many cultivars of Prunus species. Peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.) is the only species in the Prunoideae subfamily that is traditionally known to be self-compatible, but its molecular background is completely unknown. Isoelectric focusing and S-gene specific PCR revealed that SC is not due to functional inability of pistil ribonucleases. We hypothesize that SC may be a consequence of a kind of pollen-part mutation or the action of one or more currently unknown modifier gene(s). Only two S-alleles were identified in a set of peach genotypes of various origin and phenotypes in contrast to the 17–30 alleles described in self-incompatible fruit trees. Most important commercial cultivars carry the same S-allele and are in a homozygote state. This indicates the common origin of these cultivars and also the consequence of self-fertilization. According to the available information, this is the first report to elucidate the role of S-locus in the fertilization process of peach. 

scholarly journals Update on and Review of the Incompatibility (S-) Genotypes of Apple Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 943-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Broothaerts ◽  
Ilse Van Nerum ◽  
Johan Keulemans
Keyword(s):  
Identification System ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
S Alleles ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
S Allele ◽  
Allele Specific Pcr

Apple cultivars display a self-incompatibility system that restricts self-fertilization and fertilization between cultivars bearing identical S-alleles. There has been considerable progress in identification of S-alleles in apple in recent years and methods are now available for the accurate S-genotyping of cultivars. Following a recently revised numerical identification system for apple S-alleles, we present the first extensive compilation of apple cultivars with their S-genotypes. This list contains data from our own investigations using S-allele-specific PCR methodology, including a number of new data, as well as published data from various other sources. Eighteen different S-alleles are discriminated, which allowed the determination of the S-genotypes for 150 diploid or triploid European, American, and Japanese cultivars. Many of these cultivars are cultivated worldwide for their fruit. Also included are a number of old, obsolete cultivars and a few nondomestic genotypes. We observed a wide variation in the frequency of S-alleles in the apple germplasm. Three S-alleles (S2, S3, and S9) are very common in the cultivars evaluated, presumably as a result of the widespread use of the same breeding parents, and seven alleles are very rare (S4, S6, S8, S16, S22, S23, S26).

scholarly journals Self-compatibility in peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]: patterns of diversity surrounding the S-locus and analysis of SFB alleles

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donia Abdallah ◽  
Ghada Baraket ◽  
Veronica Perez ◽  
Amel Salhi Hannachi ◽  
Jose I. Hormaza
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
S Locus ◽  
Irreversible Loss ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Negative Frequency Dependent Selection

Abstract Self-incompatibility (SI) to self-compatibility (SC) transition is one of the most frequent and prevalent evolutionary shifts in flowering plants. Prunus L. (Rosaceae) is a genus of over 200 species most of which exhibit a Gametophytic SI system. Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch; 2n = 16] is one of the few exceptions in the genus known to be a fully self-compatible species. However, the evolutionary process of the complete and irreversible loss of SI in peach is not well understood and, in order to fill that gap, in this study 24 peach accessions were analyzed. Pollen tube growth was controlled in self-pollinated flowers to verify their self-compatible phenotypes. The linkage disequilibrium association between alleles at the S-locus and linked markers at the end of the sixth linkage group was not significant (P > 0.05), except with the closest markers suggesting the absence of a signature of negative frequency dependent selection at the S-locus. Analysis of SFB1 and SFB2 protein sequences allowed identifying the absence of some variable and hypervariable domains and the presence of additional α-helices at the C-termini. Molecular and evolutionary analysis of SFB nucleotide sequences showed a signature of purifying selection in SFB2, while the SFB1 seemed to evolve neutrally. Thus, our results show that the SFB2 allele diversified after P. persica and P. dulcis (almond) divergence, a period which is characterized by an important bottleneck, while SFB1 diversified at a transition time between the bottleneck and population expansion.

scholarly journals Molecular S-genotyping of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) genetic resources

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 146-152
Author(s):  
Josef Patzak ◽  
Alena Henychová ◽  
František Paprštein ◽  
Jiří Sedlák
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
S Locus ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
S Allele ◽  
Specific Pcr Primer

Sweet cherries are self-incompatible, which is determined by a gametophytic self-incompatibility system (GSI). The self-incompatibility is controlled by a multi-allelic S-locus. Knowledge about the S-allele constitution of the cultivars is essential for fruit growers and breeders. Recently, molecular PCR-based methods have been developed to distinguish all S-alleles in sweet cherries. In our work, we analysed S-locus genotypes by 13 universal and allele-specific PCR primer combinations within 117 registered, old and local sweet cherry cultivars from the Czech genetic resources of the Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology in Holovousy, the Czech Republic. We confirmed the previous S-genotyping for 66 accessions except for Drogans Gelbe, Hedelfinger, Erika, Meckenheimer Frühe, Badeborner, Bing, Alfa, Gamma, Huldra, Rivan, Valerij Tschkalov, Viola and Winkler’s Frühe. It could be due to either mislabelling or mistakes in the previous analyses. Newly, S-genotyping was determined for 51 accessions in which we found 4 new S-loci combinations. We detected the S-locus combinations in 19 incompatibility groups. The most frequent incompatibility groups were III (S<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub>), II (S<sub>1</sub>S<sub>3</sub>), IV (S<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>), and VI (S<sub>3</sub>S<sub>6</sub>) with 22, 20, 12 and 12 genotypes, respectively.  

Sequence and Structural Diversity of the S Locus Genes From Different Lines With the Same Self-Recognition Specificities in Brassica oleracea

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 413-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Kusaba ◽  
Masanori Matsushita ◽  
Keiichi Okazaki ◽  
Yoko Satta ◽  
Takeshi Nishio
Keyword(s):  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
S Locus ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Putative Receptor ◽  
Recognition Specificity ◽  
Polymorphic Genes ◽  
Self Recognition ◽  
Self Fertilization

Abstract Self-incompatibility (SI) is a mechanism for preventing self-fertilization in flowering plants. In Brassica, it is controlled by a single multi-allelic locus, S, and it is believed that two highly polymorphic genes in the S locus, SLG and SRK, play central roles in self-recognition in stigmas. SRK is a putative receptor protein kinase, whose extracellular domain exhibits high similarity to SLG. We analyzed two pairs of lines showing cross-incompatibility (S2 and S2-b; S13 and S13-b). In S2 and S2-b, SRKs were more highly conserved than SLGs. This was also the case with S13 and S13-b. This suggests that the SRKs of different lines must be conserved for the lines to have the same self-recognition specificity. In particular, SLG2-b showed only 88.5% identity to SLG2, which is comparable to that between the SLGs of different S haplotypes, while SRK2-b showed 97.3% identity to SRK2 in the S domain. These findings suggest that the SLGs in these S haplotypes are not important for self-recognition in SI.

scholarly journals Effects of Rootstock and Budding Height on Bacterial Canker in French Prune

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Sayler ◽  
S. M. Southwick ◽  
J. T. Yeager ◽  
K. Glozer ◽  
E. L. Little ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Prunus Cerasifera ◽  
Disease Pressure

Bacterial canker is one of the most economically important diseases of stone fruit trees, including ‘French’ prune (Prunus domestica). Field trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of rootstock selection and budding height on the incidence and severity of bacterial canker in four orchards with low to high disease pressure. Treatments included French prune scions low-grafted on ‘Lovell’ peach (Prunus persica) rootstocks as well as Myrobalan 29C (Prunus cerasifera) plum rootstocks grafted at 15, 50, and 90 cm above the rootstock crown. Another treatment consisted of growing Myrobalan 29C plum rootstocks in the field for one growing season, then field-grafting French prune buds onto rootstock scaffolds. Lovell peach rootstock provided the greatest protection from bacterial canker as measured by disease incidence and tree mortality in all orchards. Field-budded rootstocks and rootstocks grafted at the highest budding height provided moderate levels of resistance to bacterial canker. These treatments reduced the incidence but not the severity of disease.

scholarly journals Ubiquitination of S4-RNase by S-LOCUS F-BOX LIKE2 Contributes to Self-Compatibility of Sweet Cherry ‘Lapins’

2020 ◽  
Vol 184 (4) ◽  
pp. 1702-1716
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Xuwei Duan ◽  
Chuanbao Wu ◽  
Jie Yu ◽  
Chunsheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
S Locus ◽  
Self Compatibility

scholarly journals DNA Methylation Analysis of Dormancy Release in Almond (Prunus dulcis) Flower Buds Using Epi-Genotyping by Sequencing

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángela Prudencio ◽  
Olaf Werner ◽  
Pedro Martínez-García ◽  
Federico Dicenta ◽  
Rosa Ros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Release Process ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Reduced Representation

DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications have been described as epigenetic regulation mechanisms involved in developmental transitions in plants, including seasonal changes in fruit trees. In species like almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A: Webb), prolonged exposure to cold temperatures is required for dormancy release and flowering. Aiming to identify genomic regions with differential methylation states in response to chill accumulation, we carried out Illumina reduced-representation genome sequencing on bisulfite-treated DNA from floral buds. To do this, we analyzed almond genotypes with different chilling requirements and flowering times both before and after dormancy release for two consecutive years. The study was performed using epi-Genotyping by Sequencing (epi-GBS). A total of 7317 fragments were sequenced and the samples compared. Out of these fragments, 677 were identified as differentially methylated between the almond genotypes. Mapping these fragments using the Prunus persica (L.) Batsch v.2 genome as reference provided information about coding regions linked to early and late flowering methylation markers. Additionally, the methylation state of ten gene-coding sequences was found to be linked to the dormancy release process.

scholarly journals A review ethnopharmacology of Rosaceae fruit species

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e3409108596
Author(s):  
Letícia Barela Barbosa ◽  
Camila Palma Nunes ◽  
Joice Karina Otênio ◽  
Rosselyn Gimenes Baisch ◽  
Heris Lorenzi dos Santos Perfeito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Eriobotrya Japonica ◽  
Fragaria Vesca ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Rosaceae Species ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Phytochemical Studies

This study aims to carry out a bibliographic survey on ethnobotanical, ethnopharmacological and pharmacological information on Rosaceae species. The species addressed were Eriobotrya japonica (yellow-plum), Fragaria vesca (strawberry), Malus domestica (apple), Prunus domestica (plum), Prunus persica (peach), Pyrus communis (pear) and Rubus brasiliensis (raspberry) grown in the garden Medicinal of Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR) - Campus 2. For this study, the databases were taken from national and international scientific journals without restriction of year of publication. As a result, a category of use was identified, part used, form of preparation, popular use, pharmacological and phytochemical studies for each species. Thus, it is observed that all fruit species are popularly used a medicinal, with records of ethnopharmacological, pharmacological and phytochemical studies. Medicinal plants are very widespread and used, being considered as an important therapeutic resource. However, despite the pharmacological records found, new scientific investigations are still needed to ensure the safer and more effective use of these species by the population.

Monilinia fructicola. [Distribution map].

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Eriobotrya Japonica ◽  
Monilinia Fructicola ◽  
Distribution Map

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Monilinia fructicola (G. Winter) Honey. Ascomycota: Helotiales. Hosts: Rosaceous stone fruit trees (Prunus, Malus, Pyrus spp.), especially peach (Prunus persica). Also grape (Vitis spp.), flowering quinces (Chaenomeles spp.), hawthorns (Crataegus spp.) and loquat (Eriobotrya japonica). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Mainland France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Mainland Italy, Spain, Mainland Spain, Switzerland, UK), Asia (China, Hebei, Shandong, India, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Japan, Honshu, Korea Republic, Taiwan, Yemen), Africa (Nigeria, Zimbabwe), North America (Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Mexico, USA, Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachussetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin), Central America and Caribbean (Guatemala, Panama), South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Parana, Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Paulo, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela), Oceania (Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand).

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