scholarly journals Evaluating of soil sulphur forms changes in long-term field experiments of Látókép

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Evelin Kármen Juhász ◽  
Andrea Balláné Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Sulphate Content ◽  
Term Field

The aim of this work was to evaluate the changes of different sulphur forms (soluble, adsorbed) in chernozem soil in a long-term field experiment supplied with increasing doses of NPK fertilizers for a long time. In addition, other objective of this study included the examination of the applicability of recommended extractants of the different sulphate fraction in Hungarian soils. A long-term field experiment was established at the Research Station of Látókép of the University of Debrecen in 1984. In addition to control, two levels of NPK fertilizer doses have been used with irrigated and non-irrigated variants. Winter wheat and corn were cropped in a crop rotation on plots. Soil samples were collected in three different development stages of winter wheat, at the stage of stem elongation (April), flowering (May) and ripening (June of 2018) from the topsoil (0–20 cm) of experiment plots. Water-soluble inorganic sulphate was extracted with 0.01M CaCl2 solutions. The soluble plus adsorbed sulphate was extracted with 0.016M KH2PO4 solution. Sulphate was measured by turbidimetric method. 0.01M CaCl2-SO42— ranged between 0.293–1.896 mg kg-1 and the 0.016 M KH2PO4-SO42- varied between 5.087–10.261 mg kg-1. The values of KH2PO4 SO42- was higher than that of CaCl2-SO42-, because KH2PO4 extracted the adsorbed and soluble fractions of sulphate, while CaCl2 extracted the soluble sulphate fraction. The amount of absorbed sulphate was calculated by the differences of KH2PO4- SO4 and CaCl2-SO4. The KH2PO4 characterizes mainly the adsorbed sulphate fraction much more than the water-soluble fraction. KCl is the most widely used extractant for the determination of plant available sulphate content of soil in Hungary; therefore, KCl-SO42- fraction also was determined. The KCl-SO42- ranged between 0.328–2.152 mg kg-1. The CaCl2-SO42- and KCl-SO42- fractions were compared and based on Pearson's linear correlation, moderate correlation was established (r=0.511) between them. In all three extractant (0.01M CaCl2, 1M KCl, 0.016 M KH2PO4) higher sulphate fractions were measured in the fertilized plots where superphosphate had been supplied for ages until 2010. The arylsulphatase activity of soil also was determined and ranged between 9.284 and 26.860 µg p-nitrophenol g-1 h-1. The lowest value was observed in the treatment with highest NPK2 dose, both in irrigated and non-irrigated areas.

Critical plant phosphorus for winter wheat assessed from long-term field experiments

2021 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 126263
Author(s):  
Mario Fontana ◽  
Gilles Bélanger ◽  
Juliane Hirte ◽  
Noura Ziadi ◽  
Saïd Elfouki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Term Field

KMnO4 determination of active carbon for laboratory routines: three long-term field experiments in Austria

Soil Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tatzber ◽  
N. Schlatter ◽  
A. Baumgarten ◽  
G. Dersch ◽  
R. Körner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Sodium Oxalate ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Term Field

Recent studies show that a labile soil carbon (C) fraction determined with potassium permanganate (KMnO4) reflects the type of soil management. The present study combines the method for determining the active C (AC) pool with an alternative titration of the 0.02 m KMnO4 solution with sodium oxalate (Na2C2O4) for routine laboratory analyses. Three long-term field experiments investigated: (i) different cropping systems and 14C-labelled organic amendments, (ii) three different tillage systems, and (iii) the application of four different kinds of compost. The results showed the depletion of AC in the permanent bare-fallow system of the 14C-labelled field experiment. When calculating the ratio AC/total organic C (TOC), the depletion of the AC/TOC curve reflected a priming effect, in accord with previous work. We obtained significant positive correlations of AC with TOC, total nitrogen (Nt), humic acid-C and remaining 14C-labelled material. The AC in the tillage systems experiment was significantly (P < 0.05) different between all three tillage treatments at 0–10 cm depth, and the ratio AC/TOC also revealed a significant difference between minimum and conventional tillage treatments at 10–20 cm. For the compost field experiment, significant differences occurred between plots fertilised solely with N and plots receiving organic amendments. The AC/TOC ratio of the sewage sludge amendment was significantly lower than in all other systems. Correlations of AC with TOC for all samples of the different long-term field experiments revealed different behaviours in different soil types. The correlations of AC with Nt showed higher coefficients than with TOC. The applied methodology has a potential for sensitive and reliable detections of differences in soil organic matter characteristics.

scholarly journals Different soil fertility conditions depending on different land use methods

2012 ◽  
pp. 169-172
Author(s):  
Sándor Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Term Field

In precision nutrient management the most important aspect is adaptation but we should consider the possibility of the long-term improvement of soil fertility within the less fertile landscape zones.  This possibility can be evaluated principally by long-term field experiments, which are running on similar soil types. The results of these field experiments can indicate that which soil fertility status should be attained. Some more important soil fertility data, (such as pH, P-, K- and soil organic matter (SOM) content) of a long-term field  experiment with increasing farmyard manure(FYM) doses or equivalent NPK fertilizers, set up on an Eutric cambisol, are presented. The yieldincreasing capacity of FYM doses was only 82%, as compared to the equivalent amount of mineral NPK, but long-term FYM treatments resulted in 10% higher SOM content than that of equivalent NPKfertilizer doses. The studies indicate that SOM content is a function of local climate and clay content of the soil, and neither long-term high FYM doses can increase SOM content steadily above a supposed steady-state value. However we have to make efforts to keep the optimum level. The lowest soil reactions developed both with the highest NPK doses and without any fertilization. AL-P2O5 content of soil was increased more by mineral fertilization than by FYM treatments, but in case of AL-K2O content there was no difference between the fertilization variants. However the highest doses of both fertilization  variants increased soil nutrient content to an excessive degree. Wecould get very valuable data from the unfertilized control plots as well, where long-term yield data suppose 48 kg ha-1 year-1 air-borne N-input.

scholarly journals УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ САХАРНОЙ И ЛОПАЮЩЕЙСЯ КУКУРУЗЫ ПРИ ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИИ БЕССМЕННО И В СЕВООБОРОТАХ

2014 ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
С. В. Маслиёв
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Term Field

Подано результати багаторічних польових дослі-дів про урожайність початків цукрової та зерна роз-лусної кукурудзи різних сортів і гібридів залежно відпопередників у польових та овочевих сівозмінах, атакож беззмінних посівах. Надані рекомендації повнесенню мінеральних добрив та строків сівби.Установлено, що кращими попередниками для цихпідвидів кукурудзи в польових сівозмінах є горохо-вівсяна суміш на зелений корм та пшениця озима піс-ля пару, а в овочевих – огірки, цибуля, томати, раннякартопля та кабачки, після яких урожайність почат-ків цукрової кукурудзи досягає 8,5–9,5 т/га, зерна роз-лусної – 2,2–2,9 т/га. The results of long-term field experiments of the yield of sweet corn cobs and popcorn grains of various sorts and hybrids, depending on the precursors in field and vegetable crop rotations and also permanent sowing are shown. The recommendations on applying mineral fertilization and terms of sowing are given. It is found that the best precursors for these subspecies of corn in field crop rotations are a mixture of peas and oat for green nutriment and winter wheat after steam, and in vegetable crop rotations the best are cucumbers, onions, tomatoes, early potatoes and zucchini, after which the yield of sweet corn cobs reaches 8,5 -9,5 t / ha and popcorn grains – 2,2-2,9 t / ha.

scholarly journals <sup>14</sup>C in cropland soil of a long-term field trial – experimental variability and implications for estimating carbon turnover

SOIL ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 537-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Leifeld ◽  
J. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Carbon Turnover ◽  
Independent Field ◽  
Experimental Variability ◽  
Soil Carbon Turnover ◽  
Term Field

Abstract. Because of their controlled nature, the presence of independent replicates, and their known management history, long-term field experiments are key to the understanding of factors controlling soil carbon. Together with isotope measurements, they provide profound insight into soil carbon dynamics. For soil radiocarbon, an important tracer for understanding these dynamics, experimental variability across replicates is usually not accounted for; hence, a relevant source of uncertainty for quantifying turnover rates is missing. Here, for the first time, radiocarbon measurements of five independent field replicates, and for different layers, of soil from the 66-year-old controlled field experiment ZOFE in Zurich, Switzerland, are used to address this issue. 14C variability was the same across three different treatments and for three different soil layers between the surface and 90 cm depths. On average, experimental variability in 14C content was 12 times the analytical error but still, on a relative basis, smaller than variability in soil carbon concentration. Despite a relative homogeneous variability across the field and along the soil profile, the curved nature of the relationship between radiocarbon content and modelled carbon mean residence time implies that the absolute error of calculated soil carbon turnover time increases with soil depth. In our field experiment findings on topsoil carbon turnover variability would, if applied to subsoil, tend to underweight turnover variability even if experimental variability in the subsoil isotope concentration is the same. Together, experimental variability in radiocarbon is an important component in an overall uncertainty assessment of soil carbon turnover.

scholarly journals Differences in soil sulfur fractions due to limitation of atmospheric deposition

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 344-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Balík ◽  
M. Kulhánek ◽  
J. Černý ◽  
J. Száková ◽  
D. Pavlíková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Organic S ◽  
Soil Sulfur ◽  
Term Field

The aim of this work was to estimate the changes in contents of different sulfur (S) fractions in soils under conditions of lowering inputs of S from emissions together with the influence of application of manure and mineral fertilizers. Soil samples from long-term field experiments were used for this purpose. The samples were taken from 10 sites from precise long-term field experiments with different soil-climatic conditions in the Czech Republic. The samples were analyzed using the following fractionation: (i) water soluble S (H<sub>2</sub>O extracts), (ii) sorbed S (0.032M NaH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> extracts) and (iii) S occluded with carbonates (1M HCl extract). Furthermore, the concentration of total S (S<sub>tot</sub>) and organic S (S<sub>org</sub>) was determined. Soil samples were taken in the years 1981 and 2007. During 26 years a decrease of S<sub>tot</sub> by about 3–8%, water soluble S by 65–68% and sorbed S by 39–44% were observed in the topsoil of the evaluated soils. Furthermore, a low increase in the content of organic S was observed. The estimated ratio of S<sub>org</sub> reached 78.7–80.9% from S<sub>tot</sub> in the year 1981 and 87.7–89.8% in 2007. Farmyard manure (40 t/ha) applied every 4 years did not have a significant influence on S fractions and S<sub>tot</sub> contents in soils; intensive S fertilizing increased S<sub>tot</sub> and mobile S forms contents in soils. Very close correlations were obtained especially between S<sub>tot</sub> and water soluble S and organic S.

scholarly journals Effect of molybdenum treatment on the element uptake of food crops in a long-term field experiment

2011 ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
Anita Puskás-Preszner ◽  
Béla Kovács ◽  
Dávid Andrási ◽  
Zita Kata Burján
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Term Field

Molybdenum, as a constituent of several important enzymes, is an essential microelement. It can be found in all kind of food naturally at lowlevels. However, environmental pollution, from natural or anthropogenic sources, can lead to high levels of the metal in plants. Our study is based on long-term field experiments at Nagyhörcsök, where different levels of soil contamination conditions are simulated. Plant samples were collected from the experiment station to study the behavior of elements: uptake by and transport within the plants, accumulation in different organs, phytotoxicity and effects on the quantity and quality of the crop. In this study, we present the effect of molybdenum treatment on the uptake of other elements. Molybdenum is proved to be in an antagonist relationship with copper and sulphur, while molybdenum-phosphorus is a synergist interaction. However, in most of the plants we studied, increasing molybdenum-treatment enhanced cadmium uptake. We found the most significant cadmium accumulation in the case of pea, spinach and red beet. 

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